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1.電性能檢測

主要有導(dao)(dao)體直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗及絕(jue)緣(yuan)線芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗，每項都很(hen)重(zhong)要，導(dao)(dao)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)直(zhi)接(jie)反映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)輸性能，直(zhi)接(jie)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)行中的(de)(de)(de)溫度、壽(shou)命(ming)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降、以及運(yun)行安全(quan)，它主要考查導(dao)(dao)體的(de)(de)(de)材質和(he)截面積，若導(dao)(dao)體的(de)(de)(de)材質不(bu)(bu)好或截面積嚴重(zhong)不(bu)(bu)足，就(jiu)會造成(cheng)導(dao)(dao)體直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)嚴重(zhong)超標，這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)鋪(pu)設在(zai)線路中就(jiu)會增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在(zai)線路上通過時的(de)(de)(de)損耗(hao)，引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)(dao)體本身發熱(re)，引(yin)起包覆導(dao)(dao)體的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)老(lao)化(hua)開裂，造成(cheng)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路，甚至造成(cheng)火災(zai)，危及人身、財產的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)。標準對不(bu)(bu)同(tong)規(gui)格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)體直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)均有嚴格的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定，不(bu)(bu)得大于(yu)標準規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)值(zhi)。

絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成品電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)及絕(jue)緣線芯間電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)，均(jun)考查的(de)是電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)絕(jue)緣層和護套層的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)絕(jue)緣性能(neng)，絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是檢測兩個導體之間絕(jue)緣材料(liao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，它應足(zu)夠(gou)大以起到絕(jue)緣保(bao)護作用。成品電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)及絕(jue)緣線芯間電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)不(bu)光要求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)有(you)足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)絕(jue)緣能(neng)力，還要求(qiu)絕(jue)緣或護套材料(liao)均(jun)勻無雜質、厚度足(zu)夠(gou)均(jun)勻，表面(mian)不(bu)能(neng)有(you)看不(bu)見(jian)的(de)沙眼、針孔等，否則就會造成耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)時(shi)局部擊穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)是(shi)考查絕(jue)緣和(he)護套塑料(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)的(de)抗(kang)張(zhang)強(qiang)度(du)、斷(duan)裂伸(shen)長率，包括老化(hua)前(qian)后(hou)，還有(you)對于成品軟電纜進行的(de)曲撓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎曲試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷重(zhong)斷(duan)芯試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)緣線芯撕裂試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜(jing)態(tai)曲撓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等。老化(hua)前(qian)、后(hou)抗(kang)張(zhang)強(qiang)度(du)、老化(hua)前(qian)后(hou)斷(duan)裂伸(shen)長率是(shi)電纜絕(jue)緣和(he)護套材料(liao)(liao)最(zui)重(zhong)要(yao)最(zui)基本的(de)指標，要(yao)求用作電纜絕(jue)緣和(he)護套的(de)材料(liao)(liao)，既要(yao)有(you)足夠的(de)拉伸(shen)強(qiang)度(du)不容易拉斷(duan)，又要(yao)有(you)一定的(de)柔韌性。

老(lao)化是指在高溫條(tiao)件下，絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護(hu)套(tao)材料保持其原有性能(neng)的(de)能(neng)力(li)，老(lao)化不應嚴(yan)重影(ying)(ying)響材料的(de)抗張強度和伸(shen)長率(lv)，這些都(dou)將直接影(ying)(ying)響電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)使(shi)用壽命，若抗張強度和斷(duan)裂(lie)伸(shen)長率(lv)不合格，進(jin)行(xing)電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)施工安裝(zhuang)時就(jiu)極易(yi)出(chu)現護(hu)套(tao)或絕(jue)緣(yuan)體斷(duan)裂(lie)，或在光、熱環境下使(shi)用的(de)電(dian)(dian)纜其護(hu)套(tao)和絕(jue)緣(yuan)容易(yi)變脆，斷(duan)裂(lie)，致使(shi)帶電(dian)(dian)導體裸露，發生觸電(dian)(dian)危險。

另(ling)外(wai)軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)由于不是固定敷設，使(shi)用中(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)反復拖拉、彎曲(qu)等情況，所以(yi)對于軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)標準又(you)另(ling)外(wai)規定了在(zai)其成(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)上加做動態曲(qu)撓試驗(yan)、彎曲(qu)試驗(yan)、荷重(zhong)斷芯(xin)試驗(yan)、絕緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)撕裂(lie)試驗(yan)、靜態曲(qu)撓試驗(yan)等，以(yi)保證這種(zhong)線(xian)纜(lan)在(zai)實(shi)際(ji)使(shi)用中(zhong)滿足要求。如(ru)動態曲(qu)撓試驗(yan)主要考核軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)受到外(wai)界的機(ji)械(xie)拉伸和彎曲(qu)等應力時，軟(ruan)導體的絞(jiao)合線(xian)絲(si)是否斷裂(lie)而降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)的傳輸性能(neng)，或者刺破絕緣(yuan)而降(jiang)低絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)性能(neng);絕緣(yuan)在(zai)受到應力作用是是否變形或開(kai)裂(lie)而影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)絕緣(yuan)性能(neng)的一種(zhong)試驗(yan)方法。

3.絕緣(yuan)和護套材(cai)料性能試驗

包括熱(re)失重(zhong)、熱(re)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)彎(wan)曲、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)拉(la)伸、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)、阻(zu)(zu)燃(ran)(ran)性能(neng)(neng)等等。這些都是考查(cha)絕(jue)緣和護(hu)套的塑(su)料(liao)材(cai)料(liao)的性能(neng)(neng)好(hao)壞，如(ru)熱(re)失重(zhong)試驗(yan)是檢測經過(guo)7天80℃的高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)老化(hua)后材(cai)料(liao)降解、揮發的程度;熱(re)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)檢測在(zai)(zai)150℃高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后經特殊(shu)卷(juan)繞(rao)的絕(jue)緣表面是否有開(kai)裂(lie);高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力檢測絕(jue)緣材(cai)料(liao)在(zai)(zai)經過(guo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)再冷卻后其(qi)(qi)彈(dan)性的保持(chi)程度;所有的低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)試驗(yan)一般指在(zai)(zai)-15℃條件下(xia)其(qi)(qi)機械性能(neng)(neng)的變(bian)化(hua)，都是檢測線纜(lan)材(cai)料(liao)在(zai)(zai)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)環境下(xia)是否變(bian)脆、易(yi)開(kai)裂(lie)或易(yi)拉(la)斷(duan)等。 另外電纜(lan)的阻(zu)(zu)燃(ran)(ran)性能(neng)(neng)勝能(neng)(neng)很(hen)重(zhong)要，考查(cha)該項(xiang)性能(neng)(neng)的試驗(yan)為不(bu)延燃(ran)(ran)試驗(yan)，即對按標準安(an)(an)裝的成品電纜(lan)用專門的火(huo)焰點(dian)燃(ran)(ran)一定的時(shi)間，待其(qi)(qi)火(huo)焰自行(xing)熄滅后檢查(cha)線纜(lan)被燒(shao)的情況(kuang)，當然被燒(shao)掉(diao)的部(bu)分越少越好(hao)，說明其(qi)(qi)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)性差，阻(zu)(zu)燃(ran)(ran)性好(hao)，越安(an)(an)全。

4.標志檢查

標準(zhun)要求電(dian)纜(lan)包裝(zhuang)上(shang)應(ying)附有表(biao)(biao)示(shi)產品(pin)型號、規格(ge)、標準(zhun)號、廠名和(he)產地(di)的標簽或(huo)標志(zhi)(zhi)，規格(ge)包括額定電(dian)壓、芯(xin)數和(he)導體(ti)標稱截面等；電(dian)纜(lan)表(biao)(biao)面應(ying)印有制造(zao)廠名、產品(pin)型號和(he)額定電(dian)壓的連續(xu)標志(zhi)(zhi)，標志(zhi)(zhi)間距要求≤200mm(絕(jue)緣(yuan)表(biao)(biao)面)或(huo)≤500mm (護套表(biao)(biao)面)，標志(zhi)(zhi)內容應(ying)齊全、清晰、耐擦(ca)，這個要求是方便使用(yong)者了解電(dian)纜(lan)的型號規格(ge)及電(dian)壓等級，以防(fang)敷設錯(cuo)誤。

另外，電線(xian)(xian)(xian)絕緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)應(ying)優先選用(yong)標(biao)準推薦(jian)的(de)顏色(se)(se)(se)，特別(bie)要提的(de)是黃(huang)/綠雙色(se)(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，這種(zhong)(zhong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)一般用(yong)在電器產品的(de)電源線(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)，這條特殊雙色(se)(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)專(zhuan)用(yong)于(yu)接地(di)，對于(yu)黃(huang)/綠搭(da)配(pei)標(biao)準也有(you)以下(xia)規定：即對每(mei)一段長巧~的(de)雙色(se)(se)(se)絕緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，其中(zhong)一種(zhong)(zhong)顏色(se)(se)(se)應(ying)至少覆蓋絕緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)表(biao)面的(de)30%，且不大于(yu)70%，而另一種(zhong)(zhong)顏色(se)(se)(se)則覆蓋絕緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)的(de)其余部分，即黃(huang)/綠雙色(se)(se)(se)應(ying)基本(ben)均衡搭(da)配(pei)。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包(bao)括絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)和(he)護套的(de)(de)厚(hou)度(du)(du)、最薄(bo)厚(hou)度(du)(du)、外(wai)(wai)形尺寸等(deng)(deng)。絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)和(he)護套的(de)(de)厚(hou)度(du)(du)大小對于電(dian)纜能夠耐受(shou)多大強(qiang)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓，以及其機械性能好壞都(dou)有(you)很(hen)重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)作用(yong)，所(suo)以對于不同規(gui)格的(de)(de)電(dian)纜，標準(zhun)對厚(hou)度(du)(du)都(dou)有(you)嚴(yan)格規(gui)定，要求不得(de)低于國家標準(zhun)的(de)(de)規(gui)定值。電(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)厚(hou)度(du)(du)太(tai)薄(bo)會嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)影響(xiang)電(dian)纜的(de)(de)使用(yong)安(an)(an)全(quan)，會帶來電(dian)纜擊穿、導(dao)體裸露引(yin)起(qi)漏電(dian)等(deng)(deng)安(an)(an)全(quan)隱患，當然(ran)也不是越(yue)厚(hou)越(yue)好，應不影響(xiang)安(an)(an)裝，故(gu)標準(zhun)又(you)設了一個外(wai)(wai)形尺寸要求對此進行限制(zhi)。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)強制性認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)，是進入國(guo)內市(shi)場的(de)通行證(zheng)(zheng)。

2.CB認(ren)證有利于(yu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)出口(kou)用于(yu)家(jia)庭、辦(ban)公室、車(che)間和類似場所的(de)直接涉及人身安全(quan)的(de)電工產(chan)(chan)品(pin)，這類產(chan)(chan)品(pin)在一部分(fen)國(guo)家(jia)中實行強(qiang)制性認(ren)證，即取得(de)該(gai)國(guo)的(de)認(ren)證合格證書后，才允許出口(kou)到該(gai)國(guo)，并在該(gai)國(guo)市場上銷(xiao)售(shou)。即使在未實行強(qiang)制性認(ren)證的(de)國(guo)家(jia)中，消費者為了自身的(de)安全(quan)，都(dou)愿意(yi)購買(mai)經過認(ren)證而帶(dai)有認(ren)證標志的(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。

3.CE認證

是產(chan)品(pin)進(jin)入歐(ou)盟及歐(ou)洲貿易(yi)自由區國家市場(chang)的通行證(zheng)。獲得認證(zheng)并(bing)貼有CE標(biao)志的產(chan)品(pin)將降低在歐(ou)洲市場(chang)上銷售的風(feng)險：

1）被海關扣留和(he)查處的風(feng)險;

2）被市場監(jian)督機構查(cha)處的風險;

3）同(tong)行(xing)出于(yu)競爭(zheng)目的的指控風險。