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1.電性能檢測

主(zhu)要有導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)、絕(jue)(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)、成(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗及絕(jue)(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗，每項都很重要，導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)直(zhi)(zhi)接反映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)輸性能，直(zhi)(zhi)接影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)、壽(shou)命(ming)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降(jiang)、以及運行安全，它主(zhu)要考查導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材質和截(jie)面積(ji)，若導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材質不好或截(jie)面積(ji)嚴(yan)重不足，就會造成(cheng)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)嚴(yan)重超標(biao)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)鋪設在(zai)線(xian)(xian)路中就會增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在(zai)線(xian)(xian)路上通(tong)過時的(de)(de)(de)(de)損耗，引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)本身發熱，引起包覆導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣老化開裂，造成(cheng)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)路漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短(duan)路，甚至造成(cheng)火災，危(wei)及人身、財產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全。標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)不同規格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)均有嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定，不得大于標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)值(zhi)。

絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)、成品電(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯間電(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)，均考查的是電(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)層和護套(tao)層的電(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性能，絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)是檢測兩(liang)個(ge)導體(ti)之(zhi)間絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材料的電(dian)阻(zu)，它應(ying)足(zu)夠(gou)大以(yi)起到(dao)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護作用。成品電(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯間電(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)不(bu)光要(yao)求電(dian)纜有足(zu)夠(gou)的絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)能力，還要(yao)求絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)或護套(tao)材料均勻無雜質、厚度(du)足(zu)夠(gou)均勻，表面不(bu)能有看不(bu)見的沙(sha)眼、針(zhen)孔等，否(fou)則就會造成耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)時局部擊穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)(yao)是考查絕(jue)(jue)緣和護套(tao)塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)張強(qiang)度、斷(duan)(duan)裂伸長率，包括老化前(qian)后，還有對(dui)于(yu)成品軟電纜(lan)進行的(de)(de)(de)曲(qu)撓(nao)試驗(yan)、彎(wan)曲(qu)試驗(yan)、荷重斷(duan)(duan)芯試驗(yan)、絕(jue)(jue)緣線芯撕裂試驗(yan)、靜態曲(qu)撓(nao)試驗(yan)等。老化前(qian)、后抗(kang)張強(qiang)度、老化前(qian)后斷(duan)(duan)裂伸長率是電纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)緣和護套(tao)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)最(zui)重要(yao)(yao)最(zui)基本的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)標，要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)用作電纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)緣和護套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，既要(yao)(yao)有足夠的(de)(de)(de)拉伸強(qiang)度不容易拉斷(duan)(duan)，又(you)要(yao)(yao)有一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)柔韌性。

老化(hua)是指在(zai)高溫(wen)條件(jian)下，絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和護(hu)套材料保持其原有(you)性能的(de)能力，老化(hua)不(bu)應(ying)嚴重影響材料的(de)抗張強度和伸長率，這些都將直接影響電纜的(de)使(shi)用壽(shou)命，若抗張強度和斷裂(lie)伸長率不(bu)合格，進行電纜的(de)施工安裝時就極易出現護(hu)套或(huo)(huo)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)體斷裂(lie)，或(huo)(huo)在(zai)光、熱(re)環境下使(shi)用的(de)電纜其護(hu)套和絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)容易變脆，斷裂(lie)，致使(shi)帶電導體裸露，發(fa)生觸電危險。

另外軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜由于不是固定(ding)敷設，使用(yong)中(zhong)存在反復(fu)拖拉、彎(wan)(wan)曲等情況，所以(yi)對于軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜標準又另外規(gui)定(ding)了(le)在其(qi)成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜上加(jia)做動態(tai)曲撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、彎(wan)(wan)曲試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、荷(he)重斷芯(xin)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)撕裂(lie)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、靜態(tai)曲撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)等，以(yi)保證這種線(xian)纜在實(shi)際(ji)使用(yong)中(zhong)滿足(zu)要(yao)(yao)求。如動態(tai)曲撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)主要(yao)(yao)考核軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜在受(shou)到外界(jie)的(de)機械(xie)拉伸(shen)和彎(wan)(wan)曲等應力時，軟導體的(de)絞合線(xian)絲是否斷裂(lie)而降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)傳輸(shu)性能，或者刺破絕(jue)緣(yuan)而降(jiang)低絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)性能;絕(jue)緣(yuan)在受(shou)到應力作用(yong)是是否變形(xing)或開(kai)裂(lie)而影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)性能的(de)一種試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)法。

3.絕緣和護套材(cai)料性能試(shi)驗(yan)

包括熱失重(zhong)、熱沖擊、高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)彎曲、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)拉(la)伸(shen)、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)沖擊、阻(zu)燃性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。這些都是(shi)考(kao)查絕緣和護套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)塑料材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)好壞，如熱失重(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)是(shi)檢測(ce)經過(guo)7天(tian)80℃的(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)老(lao)化(hua)后材(cai)料降解(jie)、揮發的(de)(de)(de)程度(du);熱沖擊檢測(ce)在(zai)150℃高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后經特殊卷繞的(de)(de)(de)絕緣表面是(shi)否(fou)有開裂;高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力檢測(ce)絕緣材(cai)料在(zai)經過(guo)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)再冷卻(que)后其(qi)彈性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)保持程度(du);所(suo)有的(de)(de)(de)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)驗(yan)一般指在(zai)-15℃條件下其(qi)機械性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)，都是(shi)檢測(ce)線(xian)纜材(cai)料在(zai)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)環境(jing)下是(shi)否(fou)變(bian)脆、易開裂或易拉(la)斷等(deng)(deng)。 另外電纜的(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)燃性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)勝能(neng)(neng)(neng)很重(zhong)要，考(kao)查該項性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)為(wei)不延燃試(shi)驗(yan)，即對按標準安(an)裝的(de)(de)(de)成品電纜用(yong)專門的(de)(de)(de)火(huo)焰(yan)點(dian)燃一定的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)，待其(qi)火(huo)焰(yan)自行(xing)熄滅(mie)后檢查線(xian)纜被燒的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，當然(ran)被燒掉的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分越少越好，說明(ming)其(qi)燃燒性(xing)差(cha)，阻(zu)燃性(xing)好，越安(an)全(quan)。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)準要(yao)求電纜包裝(zhuang)上應(ying)附有表(biao)示產品型號、規(gui)格、標(biao)準號、廠名(ming)和產地的(de)標(biao)簽或標(biao)志，規(gui)格包括額(e)定(ding)電壓、芯(xin)數(shu)和導體標(biao)稱截面等；電纜表(biao)面應(ying)印有制造廠名(ming)、產品型號和額(e)定(ding)電壓的(de)連(lian)續(xu)標(biao)志，標(biao)志間距(ju)要(yao)求≤200mm(絕緣(yuan)表(biao)面)或≤500mm (護套表(biao)面)，標(biao)志內容應(ying)齊全、清晰、耐擦(ca)，這個要(yao)求是方便使用者了解(jie)電纜的(de)型號規(gui)格及電壓等級，以防敷(fu)設錯誤。

另(ling)外(wai)，電(dian)(dian)線(xian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)應(ying)優先選用(yong)標(biao)準(zhun)推(tui)薦的顏(yan)色，特(te)別要提的是(shi)黃(huang)(huang)/綠(lv)雙(shuang)色線(xian)芯(xin)，這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)線(xian)一般用(yong)在電(dian)(dian)器產(chan)品的電(dian)(dian)源線(xian)中，這條特(te)殊雙(shuang)色線(xian)專用(yong)于接地(di)，對(dui)(dui)于黃(huang)(huang)/綠(lv)搭配標(biao)準(zhun)也有以下(xia)規(gui)定：即對(dui)(dui)每一段長巧~的雙(shuang)色絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)，其(qi)中一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)顏(yan)色應(ying)至少覆蓋絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)表面(mian)的30%，且(qie)不大(da)于70%，而另(ling)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)顏(yan)色則(ze)覆蓋絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)的其(qi)余部分，即黃(huang)(huang)/綠(lv)雙(shuang)色應(ying)基本(ben)均衡搭配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕緣和護(hu)套(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)厚度、最薄厚度、外(wai)形(xing)尺寸(cun)等。絕緣和護(hu)套(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)厚度大(da)小對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)能夠耐受多大(da)強度的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，以(yi)及其機械性能好壞都有很重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)作用，所(suo)以(yi)對于(yu)不(bu)(bu)同規(gui)格的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，標(biao)準對厚度都有嚴格規(gui)定，要(yao)(yao)求不(bu)(bu)得低于(yu)國家(jia)標(biao)準的(de)(de)規(gui)定值。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)絕緣厚度太薄會嚴重(zhong)影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)使用安(an)(an)全(quan)，會帶來電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)擊穿、導(dao)體裸露引(yin)起漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)等安(an)(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患，當然也(ye)不(bu)(bu)是越厚越好，應不(bu)(bu)影(ying)響安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)，故標(biao)準又(you)設了一個外(wai)形(xing)尺寸(cun)要(yao)(yao)求對此進行限(xian)制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證(zheng)強制性認證(zheng)，是進入國內市場(chang)的(de)通行證(zheng)。

2.CB認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)有(you)利于產品(pin)出口用于家庭、辦公(gong)室、車間(jian)和類似場(chang)所的直接涉(she)及人身(shen)安(an)全的電工產品(pin)，這類產品(pin)在一部分國家中實行(xing)強制(zhi)性認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)，即(ji)取(qu)得(de)該(gai)國的認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)合格(ge)證(zheng)(zheng)書后，才允許出口到該(gai)國，并在該(gai)國市場(chang)上銷售。即(ji)使(shi)在未實行(xing)強制(zhi)性認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)的國家中，消(xiao)費者為(wei)了自身(shen)的安(an)全，都愿意購(gou)買經(jing)過認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)而帶有(you)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)標志的產品(pin)。

3.CE認證

是產品進入歐(ou)盟及歐(ou)洲貿易自由區國家市場的(de)通行證。獲得認(ren)證并貼(tie)有CE標志的(de)產品將降低在歐(ou)洲市場上銷售的(de)風險：

1）被海關(guan)扣留和查處的風(feng)險;

2）被市(shi)場監(jian)督機構(gou)查處的風險;

3）同行出于競爭目的的指(zhi)控風險。