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1.電性能檢測

主(zhu)要(yao)有導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)、絕(jue)(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)、成(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗及絕(jue)(jue)緣線芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗，每(mei)項(xiang)都很重要(yao)，導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)直(zhi)接反映(ying)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性能，直(zhi)接影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降、以及運行安(an)全，它主(zhu)要(yao)考查導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材質和截(jie)面(mian)積，若導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材質不好或(huo)截(jie)面(mian)積嚴(yan)重不足，就會(hui)(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)嚴(yan)重超標，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)鋪設(she)在(zai)線路(lu)中就會(hui)(hui)增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在(zai)線路(lu)上(shang)通過時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損耗，引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)本身發熱，引起(qi)包(bao)覆(fu)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣老化(hua)開裂，造(zao)成(cheng)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路(lu)，甚至造(zao)成(cheng)火(huo)災，危及人身、財產的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全。標準(zhun)對不同規格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)均有嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定，不得(de)大于(yu)標準(zhun)規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)值(zhi)。

絕(jue)緣電阻(zu)(zu)、成(cheng)品電壓試驗(yan)及絕(jue)緣線芯(xin)間電壓試驗(yan)，均(jun)考查的(de)是電纜(lan)絕(jue)緣層(ceng)(ceng)和護套層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)電氣(qi)絕(jue)緣性能(neng)，絕(jue)緣電阻(zu)(zu)是檢測兩(liang)個(ge)導體之間絕(jue)緣材(cai)料的(de)電阻(zu)(zu)，它(ta)應足夠(gou)(gou)大以起到絕(jue)緣保(bao)護作用(yong)。成(cheng)品電壓試驗(yan)及絕(jue)緣線芯(xin)間電壓試驗(yan)不光(guang)要求電纜(lan)有足夠(gou)(gou)的(de)絕(jue)緣能(neng)力(li)，還要求絕(jue)緣或護套材(cai)料均(jun)勻(yun)無雜質、厚度足夠(gou)(gou)均(jun)勻(yun)，表面不能(neng)有看不見的(de)沙(sha)眼、針孔等，否則就會造成(cheng)耐壓試驗(yan)時局部擊穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)(yao)是考查絕緣(yuan)(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)塑料(liao)(liao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)抗張(zhang)強度、斷(duan)(duan)裂伸(shen)長(chang)率，包括老化前(qian)后(hou)，還有對(dui)于成品軟電(dian)纜進行的(de)(de)曲撓試驗(yan)(yan)、彎曲試驗(yan)(yan)、荷重斷(duan)(duan)芯試驗(yan)(yan)、絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯撕裂試驗(yan)(yan)、靜態曲撓試驗(yan)(yan)等。老化前(qian)、后(hou)抗張(zhang)強度、老化前(qian)后(hou)斷(duan)(duan)裂伸(shen)長(chang)率是電(dian)纜絕緣(yuan)(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)最重要(yao)(yao)最基本的(de)(de)指(zhi)標，要(yao)(yao)求用作電(dian)纜絕緣(yuan)(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，既要(yao)(yao)有足夠的(de)(de)拉(la)伸(shen)強度不容易拉(la)斷(duan)(duan)，又要(yao)(yao)有一定的(de)(de)柔韌性。

老(lao)化(hua)是(shi)指在高溫條件下(xia)(xia)，絕緣和(he)(he)(he)護(hu)套材料(liao)保持其原(yuan)有性能的能力，老(lao)化(hua)不應(ying)嚴重影響(xiang)材料(liao)的抗張強度和(he)(he)(he)伸長(chang)率(lv)，這些都將直接影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)纜的使用壽命(ming)，若(ruo)抗張強度和(he)(he)(he)斷(duan)裂伸長(chang)率(lv)不合格，進行電(dian)(dian)纜的施工安裝時就極易出現護(hu)套或絕緣體斷(duan)裂，或在光、熱環(huan)境下(xia)(xia)使用的電(dian)(dian)纜其護(hu)套和(he)(he)(he)絕緣容易變(bian)脆，斷(duan)裂，致(zhi)使帶電(dian)(dian)導體裸露，發生觸電(dian)(dian)危險。

另(ling)外軟電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)由(you)于(yu)(yu)不是(shi)固(gu)定(ding)敷設，使用(yong)中存在(zai)(zai)(zai)反(fan)復拖拉、彎曲(qu)(qu)(qu)等情況(kuang)，所以對于(yu)(yu)軟電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)標準又另(ling)外規(gui)定(ding)了在(zai)(zai)(zai)其成品電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)上加做(zuo)動態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試驗(yan)、彎曲(qu)(qu)(qu)試驗(yan)、荷重斷(duan)芯(xin)(xin)試驗(yan)、絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)(xin)撕裂(lie)(lie)試驗(yan)、靜態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試驗(yan)等，以保證這種(zhong)線纜(lan)(lan)(lan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)實際使用(yong)中滿(man)足(zu)要求(qiu)。如動態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試驗(yan)主要考核(he)軟電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)受(shou)到(dao)外界的(de)機械拉伸(shen)和彎曲(qu)(qu)(qu)等應力時，軟導(dao)體的(de)絞合線絲(si)是(shi)否(fou)斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie)而降(jiang)低電(dian)的(de)傳輸性(xing)能，或者刺破(po)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)而降(jiang)低絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)氣性(xing)能;絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)受(shou)到(dao)應力作用(yong)是(shi)是(shi)否(fou)變形(xing)或開(kai)裂(lie)(lie)而影響電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)電(dian)氣絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)能的(de)一種(zhong)試驗(yan)方法。

3.絕緣和護(hu)套(tao)材料性能(neng)試驗

包(bao)括熱失重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、熱沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)、高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力(li)、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)彎曲、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)拉(la)伸、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)、阻(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能等(deng)等(deng)。這些(xie)都是考(kao)查絕緣(yuan)和護套的(de)(de)(de)(de)塑料材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能好壞，如熱失重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)是檢(jian)測經(jing)過(guo)(guo)7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)老化后材料降(jiang)解、揮(hui)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)程度;熱沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)檢(jian)測在(zai)150℃高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后經(jing)特殊卷繞的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)表面(mian)是否有開(kai)裂(lie);高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力(li)檢(jian)測絕緣(yuan)材料在(zai)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)再冷卻(que)后其(qi)(qi)彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保持程度;所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)驗(yan)一般指(zhi)在(zai)-15℃條件下(xia)其(qi)(qi)機械性(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化，都是檢(jian)測線(xian)纜(lan)材料在(zai)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)環境下(xia)是否變(bian)脆、易開(kai)裂(lie)或易拉(la)斷等(deng)。 另外(wai)電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能勝(sheng)能很重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)，考(kao)查該(gai)項性(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)為不延燃(ran)試(shi)驗(yan)，即對(dui)按標準安裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)成品電(dian)纜(lan)用(yong)專(zhuan)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)火焰點燃(ran)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間，待(dai)其(qi)(qi)火焰自行(xing)熄滅后檢(jian)查線(xian)纜(lan)被燒的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，當然被燒掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)越少越好，說明其(qi)(qi)燃(ran)燒性(xing)(xing)(xing)差，阻(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好，越安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)要求(qiu)電纜包(bao)裝(zhuang)上應(ying)附有表示產(chan)(chan)品型號(hao)、規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)、標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)號(hao)、廠名和產(chan)(chan)地的標(biao)(biao)(biao)簽或(huo)(huo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志，規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)包(bao)括(kuo)額(e)定電壓、芯數和導體標(biao)(biao)(biao)稱截(jie)面等(deng)；電纜表面應(ying)印有制造廠名、產(chan)(chan)品型號(hao)和額(e)定電壓的連(lian)續(xu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志，標(biao)(biao)(biao)志間距(ju)要求(qiu)≤200mm(絕緣表面)或(huo)(huo)≤500mm (護(hu)套表面)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)志內容應(ying)齊全、清晰、耐擦，這個要求(qiu)是方便使用者(zhe)了解電纜的型號(hao)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)及電壓等(deng)級，以防敷設錯誤。

另(ling)(ling)外，電(dian)線絕緣(yuan)線芯(xin)應(ying)優先選用標準(zhun)推薦的顏(yan)色，特(te)別要提(ti)的是黃/綠雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)色線芯(xin)，這種線一(yi)般用在電(dian)器產品的電(dian)源(yuan)線中(zhong)，這條特(te)殊雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)色線專用于接地，對于黃/綠搭(da)配標準(zhun)也有以下規定：即對每一(yi)段長巧(qiao)~的雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)色絕緣(yuan)線芯(xin)，其中(zhong)一(yi)種顏(yan)色應(ying)至少覆(fu)蓋絕緣(yuan)線芯(xin)表(biao)面的30%，且不大(da)于70%，而另(ling)(ling)一(yi)種顏(yan)色則覆(fu)蓋絕緣(yuan)線芯(xin)的其余部分(fen)，即黃/綠雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)色應(ying)基本均衡(heng)搭(da)配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)厚度(du)(du)(du)、最薄(bo)(bo)厚度(du)(du)(du)、外形尺(chi)寸等(deng)。絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)厚度(du)(du)(du)大(da)小(xiao)對于電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)能夠耐受多大(da)強度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，以及其機械性能好(hao)壞都(dou)有(you)很重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，所以對于不同規格的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，標(biao)準對厚度(du)(du)(du)都(dou)有(you)嚴格規定，要(yao)求不得低于國家(jia)標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)規定值。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)厚度(du)(du)(du)太薄(bo)(bo)會(hui)嚴重影響電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用安(an)全(quan)，會(hui)帶來電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)擊(ji)穿、導體(ti)裸露引起漏電(dian)(dian)等(deng)安(an)全(quan)隱患，當然也不是越厚越好(hao)，應不影響安(an)裝，故標(biao)準又設(she)了一個外形尺(chi)寸要(yao)求對此進行限制(zhi)。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證(zheng)強(qiang)制性認證(zheng)，是進入國內市(shi)場的(de)通行證(zheng)。

2.CB認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)有利于產品出口用(yong)于家(jia)庭、辦(ban)公室(shi)、車間和類似場(chang)所的直(zhi)接涉及人身安全的電工(gong)產品，這類產品在一部分國(guo)家(jia)中(zhong)實行(xing)強制(zhi)性認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)，即取得該(gai)國(guo)的認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)合格證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)后，才允許(xu)出口到該(gai)國(guo)，并在該(gai)國(guo)市場(chang)上銷售(shou)。即使在未實行(xing)強制(zhi)性認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)的國(guo)家(jia)中(zhong)，消費者為了自身的安全，都(dou)愿(yuan)意(yi)購(gou)買經過認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)而帶(dai)有認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)標志(zhi)的產品。

3.CE認證

是(shi)產品(pin)進入歐盟及歐洲(zhou)貿易自由(you)區國家市(shi)場的通行證。獲得認證并貼(tie)有CE標(biao)志(zhi)的產品(pin)將降低在(zai)歐洲(zhou)市(shi)場上銷售的風險：

1）被海關扣留(liu)和查處的風(feng)險;

2）被市場監(jian)督機構查處的(de)風險;

3）同行(xing)出于競(jing)爭目的的指控風險。