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1.電性能檢測

主(zhu)要有導(dao)體(ti)(ti)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)及(ji)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)，每項都很重要，導(dao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)直接反映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性能(neng)，直接影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)(zai)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行(xing)中的(de)溫(wen)度(du)、壽(shou)命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降、以及(ji)運行(xing)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，它主(zhu)要考查(cha)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)材質和截(jie)面積，若導(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)材質不(bu)好或截(jie)面積嚴重不(bu)足(zu)，就會造成(cheng)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)嚴重超標，這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)鋪(pu)設在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路中就會增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路上通(tong)過時(shi)的(de)損耗，引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)本(ben)身發(fa)熱，引(yin)起包覆導(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)老化開裂，造成(cheng)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路，甚至造成(cheng)火災，危及(ji)人身、財產的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)。標準(zhun)對不(bu)同規格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)均有嚴格的(de)規定(ding)，不(bu)得(de)大于標準(zhun)規定(ding)的(de)值(zhi)。

絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成品電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗，均考查的(de)(de)是電(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)層和(he)護套層的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)性(xing)能(neng)，絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是檢測兩個導體之間絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材料的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，它應足(zu)夠大以起到絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)保護作用。成品電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗不(bu)光(guang)要求(qiu)(qiu)電(dian)(dian)纜有(you)足(zu)夠的(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)能(neng)力，還要求(qiu)(qiu)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)或護套材料均勻(yun)無雜(za)質、厚度足(zu)夠均勻(yun)，表面不(bu)能(neng)有(you)看不(bu)見的(de)(de)沙眼、針(zhen)孔等(deng)，否則就會(hui)造(zao)成耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗時局部擊穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主(zhu)要(yao)是考(kao)查絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和護套塑料材料的抗(kang)張(zhang)強(qiang)度、斷裂伸(shen)長率，包括老(lao)化前(qian)后(hou)，還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)對于(yu)成品軟電(dian)纜進行的曲(qu)撓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎(wan)曲(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷重(zhong)斷芯試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯撕裂試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜態曲(qu)撓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等(deng)。老(lao)化前(qian)、后(hou)抗(kang)張(zhang)強(qiang)度、老(lao)化前(qian)后(hou)斷裂伸(shen)長率是電(dian)纜絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和護套材料最重(zhong)要(yao)最基本的指標(biao)，要(yao)求用作電(dian)纜絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和護套的材料，既要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)足夠的拉(la)伸(shen)強(qiang)度不(bu)容易拉(la)斷，又要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定的柔(rou)韌性。

老(lao)化(hua)(hua)是指(zhi)在高溫(wen)條件(jian)下，絕緣(yuan)和(he)護套材料(liao)保持其原有(you)性能(neng)的能(neng)力，老(lao)化(hua)(hua)不應嚴(yan)重影響(xiang)材料(liao)的抗(kang)張強度和(he)伸長率，這(zhe)些都將直接影響(xiang)電纜的使用(yong)壽命，若抗(kang)張強度和(he)斷(duan)(duan)裂伸長率不合格，進(jin)行電纜的施工安裝時就(jiu)極易出(chu)現護套或(huo)絕緣(yuan)體斷(duan)(duan)裂，或(huo)在光、熱環境下使用(yong)的電纜其護套和(he)絕緣(yuan)容易變脆，斷(duan)(duan)裂，致使帶電導體裸露，發生觸電危險(xian)。

另(ling)外(wai)(wai)軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜由于不是固定(ding)敷設，使用中(zhong)存在(zai)(zai)反(fan)復拖拉(la)、彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)(deng)情況，所(suo)以對于軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜標準又另(ling)外(wai)(wai)規定(ding)了在(zai)(zai)其成(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜上加做動(dong)態曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷重(zhong)斷(duan)芯試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯撕裂(lie)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜態曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等(deng)(deng)，以保(bao)證這種線纜在(zai)(zai)實際使用中(zhong)滿足要求。如動(dong)態曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)主(zhu)要考核軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜在(zai)(zai)受(shou)到外(wai)(wai)界(jie)的機械拉(la)伸和彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)(deng)應力時，軟導體的絞合線絲(si)是否(fou)斷(duan)裂(lie)而降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)的傳輸性能，或(huo)者(zhe)刺(ci)破絕緣(yuan)(yuan)而降低絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)性能;絕緣(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)受(shou)到應力作用是是否(fou)變形或(huo)開(kai)裂(lie)而影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)性能的一種試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方法。

3.絕緣和護(hu)套材(cai)料性能試驗

包括熱(re)失(shi)(shi)重(zhong)、熱(re)沖擊、高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力(li)、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)彎曲(qu)、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)拉伸、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)沖擊、阻燃(ran)性(xing)能等(deng)等(deng)。這些(xie)都是(shi)考查絕緣和護套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)料(liao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能好(hao)壞，如熱(re)失(shi)(shi)重(zhong)試(shi)驗是(shi)檢測(ce)經(jing)過7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)老化后(hou)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)降解、揮發的(de)(de)(de)(de)程度;熱(re)沖擊檢測(ce)在150℃高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后(hou)經(jing)特殊卷繞的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣表面是(shi)否有(you)開裂(lie);高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力(li)檢測(ce)絕緣材(cai)(cai)料(liao)在經(jing)過高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)再冷卻后(hou)其(qi)彈性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保持(chi)程度;所(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)驗一(yi)般指(zhi)在-15℃條件下其(qi)機械性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化，都是(shi)檢測(ce)線纜材(cai)(cai)料(liao)在低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)環境下是(shi)否變(bian)脆、易(yi)開裂(lie)或易(yi)拉斷(duan)等(deng)。 另外電纜的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻燃(ran)性(xing)能勝能很重(zhong)要，考查該(gai)項性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗為不延(yan)燃(ran)試(shi)驗，即對按標準安裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)成品電纜用專門的(de)(de)(de)(de)火焰(yan)點燃(ran)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間，待其(qi)火焰(yan)自行(xing)熄滅后(hou)檢查線纜被(bei)燒(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，當然被(bei)燒(shao)掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分越少越好(hao)，說明其(qi)燃(ran)燒(shao)性(xing)差，阻燃(ran)性(xing)好(hao)，越安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)(biao)(biao)準要求電(dian)纜(lan)包裝上應附有表示產(chan)品型號(hao)(hao)、規(gui)格、標(biao)(biao)(biao)準號(hao)(hao)、廠名(ming)和(he)產(chan)地的標(biao)(biao)(biao)簽或(huo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，規(gui)格包括額(e)定電(dian)壓、芯(xin)數(shu)和(he)導體標(biao)(biao)(biao)稱截面等；電(dian)纜(lan)表面應印有制造廠名(ming)、產(chan)品型號(hao)(hao)和(he)額(e)定電(dian)壓的連續標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)間距(ju)要求≤200mm(絕緣表面)或(huo)≤500mm (護套表面)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)內(nei)容應齊全、清(qing)晰(xi)、耐擦，這(zhe)個要求是方便使用者了解(jie)電(dian)纜(lan)的型號(hao)(hao)規(gui)格及電(dian)壓等級，以防敷設錯(cuo)誤。

另外，電線絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線芯(xin)(xin)應優先選(xuan)用(yong)標準推薦(jian)的(de)顏色(se)(se)，特別要提的(de)是黃(huang)/綠雙(shuang)色(se)(se)線芯(xin)(xin)，這種(zhong)線一般用(yong)在電器(qi)產品的(de)電源線中，這條特殊雙(shuang)色(se)(se)線專用(yong)于(yu)接地，對于(yu)黃(huang)/綠搭配(pei)標準也有以下規定：即對每一段長巧~的(de)雙(shuang)色(se)(se)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線芯(xin)(xin)，其中一種(zhong)顏色(se)(se)應至少覆蓋絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線芯(xin)(xin)表面(mian)的(de)30%，且不大于(yu)70%，而(er)另一種(zhong)顏色(se)(se)則覆蓋絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線芯(xin)(xin)的(de)其余部分，即黃(huang)/綠雙(shuang)色(se)(se)應基本均衡搭配(pei)。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕緣和護(hu)套(tao)的(de)厚度(du)(du)(du)、最薄厚度(du)(du)(du)、外形(xing)尺寸等。絕緣和護(hu)套(tao)的(de)厚度(du)(du)(du)大小對于(yu)電纜(lan)(lan)能(neng)夠耐受多大強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)電壓(ya)，以及其(qi)機械性能(neng)好壞都有(you)很重(zhong)要的(de)作用，所以對于(yu)不(bu)同(tong)規(gui)格的(de)電纜(lan)(lan)，標(biao)準(zhun)對厚度(du)(du)(du)都有(you)嚴(yan)格規(gui)定，要求不(bu)得(de)低(di)于(yu)國(guo)家標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)規(gui)定值(zhi)。電纜(lan)(lan)絕緣厚度(du)(du)(du)太(tai)薄會(hui)嚴(yan)重(zhong)影響(xiang)電纜(lan)(lan)的(de)使用安全，會(hui)帶(dai)來電纜(lan)(lan)擊穿(chuan)、導(dao)體裸露引起漏電等安全隱患，當然也(ye)不(bu)是越厚越好，應不(bu)影響(xiang)安裝，故標(biao)準(zhun)又設(she)了一個外形(xing)尺寸要求對此進行(xing)限制(zhi)。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證(zheng)強制性認證(zheng)，是進入(ru)國內市場(chang)的通行證(zheng)。

2.CB認(ren)(ren)(ren)證有(you)利于產(chan)(chan)品出口用于家庭、辦公室、車間(jian)和類似場(chang)所的直接涉及人身(shen)安全的電工產(chan)(chan)品，這類產(chan)(chan)品在一部分國(guo)家中(zhong)實行(xing)(xing)強制性認(ren)(ren)(ren)證，即(ji)取得該國(guo)的認(ren)(ren)(ren)證合(he)格(ge)證書后，才(cai)允許(xu)出口到該國(guo)，并在該國(guo)市場(chang)上銷售。即(ji)使在未實行(xing)(xing)強制性認(ren)(ren)(ren)證的國(guo)家中(zhong)，消(xiao)費者為了自身(shen)的安全，都(dou)愿意購(gou)買(mai)經過認(ren)(ren)(ren)證而帶有(you)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證標志的產(chan)(chan)品。

3.CE認證

是(shi)產品(pin)進入歐盟(meng)及歐洲貿易自由區國家市(shi)場的通行證。獲(huo)得認證并貼有CE標志(zhi)的產品(pin)將降低在歐洲市(shi)場上(shang)銷售的風險：

1）被(bei)海關扣留和(he)查處的風(feng)險;

2）被市場監督機構查處的(de)風(feng)險;

3）同(tong)行出于(yu)競爭目的的指(zhi)控風險。