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1.電性能檢測

主要有導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗及絕緣線芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗，每項都(dou)很重(zhong)要，導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)直接(jie)反(fan)映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性(xing)能，直接(jie)影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)行中的(de)溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降、以(yi)及運(yun)行安(an)全，它主要考查(cha)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)的(de)材(cai)質和截面積，若導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)的(de)材(cai)質不好或截面積嚴(yan)重(zhong)不足，就(jiu)會造(zao)(zao)成導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)嚴(yan)重(zhong)超標(biao)(biao)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)鋪設在(zai)線路中就(jiu)會增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在(zai)線路上通過時的(de)損(sun)耗，引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)本身(shen)發(fa)熱，引起包覆導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)的(de)絕緣老(lao)化開裂，造(zao)(zao)成供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路，甚至造(zao)(zao)成火災(zai)，危及人(ren)身(shen)、財產(chan)的(de)安(an)全。標(biao)(biao)準對(dui)不同規(gui)格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值均(jun)有嚴(yan)格的(de)規(gui)定，不得(de)大(da)于標(biao)(biao)準規(gui)定的(de)值。

絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻、成(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)壓試驗(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)壓試驗(yan)，均考查(cha)的(de)(de)是電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)層和護(hu)套層的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)性(xing)能，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻是檢測兩(liang)個導體之間絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材料(liao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻，它應(ying)足(zu)(zu)夠(gou)大以起(qi)到絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)保護(hu)作用。成(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)壓試驗(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)壓試驗(yan)不(bu)(bu)光要求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)有足(zu)(zu)夠(gou)的(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)能力，還要求(qiu)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)或(huo)護(hu)套材料(liao)均勻無(wu)雜質、厚度足(zu)(zu)夠(gou)均勻，表面不(bu)(bu)能有看不(bu)(bu)見的(de)(de)沙眼(yan)、針孔等(deng)，否則就會造成(cheng)耐壓試驗(yan)時(shi)局(ju)部擊穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是考(kao)查絕(jue)(jue)緣和(he)護(hu)套塑料材料的(de)抗(kang)張強(qiang)度(du)、斷(duan)裂伸長率(lv)，包括老(lao)化前后(hou)，還(huan)有(you)對于成品軟電(dian)纜進行的(de)曲撓試(shi)(shi)驗、彎(wan)曲試(shi)(shi)驗、荷重斷(duan)芯(xin)試(shi)(shi)驗、絕(jue)(jue)緣線芯(xin)撕裂試(shi)(shi)驗、靜態曲撓試(shi)(shi)驗等(deng)。老(lao)化前、后(hou)抗(kang)張強(qiang)度(du)、老(lao)化前后(hou)斷(duan)裂伸長率(lv)是電(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣和(he)護(hu)套材料最(zui)重要(yao)(yao)最(zui)基本的(de)指標，要(yao)(yao)求用作電(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣和(he)護(hu)套的(de)材料，既要(yao)(yao)有(you)足夠(gou)的(de)拉伸強(qiang)度(du)不容易(yi)拉斷(duan)，又要(yao)(yao)有(you)一定的(de)柔韌性。

老(lao)化是指在高溫條(tiao)件下，絕緣(yuan)和(he)護(hu)(hu)套(tao)材料(liao)保持其(qi)原有性能的(de)能力，老(lao)化不應嚴重影(ying)響材料(liao)的(de)抗(kang)(kang)張(zhang)強度(du)和(he)伸(shen)長率(lv)，這(zhe)些都(dou)將直接影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命，若抗(kang)(kang)張(zhang)強度(du)和(he)斷(duan)裂伸(shen)長率(lv)不合格，進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)施工安裝時就極易出現護(hu)(hu)套(tao)或絕緣(yuan)體斷(duan)裂，或在光、熱環境下使(shi)用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜其(qi)護(hu)(hu)套(tao)和(he)絕緣(yuan)容易變脆，斷(duan)裂，致(zhi)使(shi)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導體裸(luo)露，發生觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)危險。

另外(wai)軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)由于不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)固定敷設，使用(yong)中存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)反復(fu)拖拉、彎(wan)曲等(deng)情況，所以對于軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)標準又(you)另外(wai)規定了在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其成品電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)上加(jia)做(zuo)動(dong)態曲撓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎(wan)曲試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷重斷芯試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)線芯撕(si)裂試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜態曲撓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等(deng)，以保證這種線纜(lan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)際使用(yong)中滿足要(yao)求。如(ru)動(dong)態曲撓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)主(zhu)要(yao)考核軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)受(shou)到(dao)外(wai)界的(de)機械拉伸和彎(wan)曲等(deng)應力時(shi)，軟(ruan)導體的(de)絞(jiao)合線絲是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)斷裂而降低電(dian)(dian)的(de)傳輸性(xing)(xing)能(neng)，或(huo)者刺破絕(jue)緣(yuan)而降低絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)(xing)能(neng);絕(jue)緣(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)受(shou)到(dao)應力作用(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)變形或(huo)開裂而影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)一種試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方(fang)法。

3.絕緣和護(hu)套(tao)材料性能試驗

包(bao)括熱(re)(re)失(shi)重(zhong)、熱(re)(re)沖(chong)(chong)擊、高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)壓力(li)、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)彎曲、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)拉(la)伸、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)沖(chong)(chong)擊、阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)等等。這些(xie)都(dou)是考(kao)查絕(jue)緣和護套的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑料(liao)材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)好(hao)(hao)壞，如(ru)熱(re)(re)失(shi)重(zhong)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)是檢(jian)(jian)測經過7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)老(lao)化后(hou)材料(liao)降解、揮發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度(du);熱(re)(re)沖(chong)(chong)擊檢(jian)(jian)測在(zai)(zai)150℃高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)1h后(hou)經特殊卷繞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣表面是否有(you)開裂;高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)壓力(li)檢(jian)(jian)測絕(jue)緣材料(liao)在(zai)(zai)經過高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)再冷(leng)卻后(hou)其彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保持程度(du);所(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)一(yi)般(ban)指在(zai)(zai)-15℃條件下其機械性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化，都(dou)是檢(jian)(jian)測線(xian)纜(lan)材料(liao)在(zai)(zai)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)環境下是否變(bian)脆、易開裂或易拉(la)斷等。 另外電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)勝能(neng)(neng)很重(zhong)要，考(kao)查該項性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)為不延燃(ran)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，即對(dui)按標準(zhun)安裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成品電(dian)纜(lan)用專門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火焰點燃(ran)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間，待(dai)其火焰自行熄滅后(hou)檢(jian)(jian)查線(xian)纜(lan)被燒(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，當(dang)然被燒(shao)掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分越(yue)少(shao)越(yue)好(hao)(hao)，說明其燃(ran)燒(shao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)差，阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)(hao)，越(yue)安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)準(zhun)要(yao)求電纜包(bao)裝(zhuang)上應(ying)附(fu)有表(biao)示產品(pin)型號、規(gui)格、標(biao)準(zhun)號、廠(chang)名和(he)產地的(de)標(biao)簽或標(biao)志，規(gui)格包(bao)括額(e)定(ding)(ding)電壓、芯數和(he)導(dao)體標(biao)稱截面等；電纜表(biao)面應(ying)印有制造廠(chang)名、產品(pin)型號和(he)額(e)定(ding)(ding)電壓的(de)連續標(biao)志，標(biao)志間(jian)距(ju)要(yao)求≤200mm(絕緣表(biao)面)或≤500mm (護套(tao)表(biao)面)，標(biao)志內容應(ying)齊全、清(qing)晰、耐擦，這個要(yao)求是方(fang)便(bian)使用者(zhe)了(le)解電纜的(de)型號規(gui)格及(ji)電壓等級，以防敷設錯誤。

另外，電線(xian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)應(ying)優先選用(yong)標準推薦的顏(yan)色(se)(se)，特別要提的是黃(huang)(huang)/綠雙(shuang)色(se)(se)線(xian)芯(xin)，這種(zhong)線(xian)一(yi)般用(yong)在電器產(chan)品的電源線(xian)中，這條特殊(shu)雙(shuang)色(se)(se)線(xian)專用(yong)于(yu)接地(di)，對于(yu)黃(huang)(huang)/綠搭配標準也有以下規定：即對每一(yi)段長(chang)巧~的雙(shuang)色(se)(se)絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)，其(qi)中一(yi)種(zhong)顏(yan)色(se)(se)應(ying)至(zhi)少覆(fu)(fu)蓋絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)表面的30%，且不大于(yu)70%，而另一(yi)種(zhong)顏(yan)色(se)(se)則覆(fu)(fu)蓋絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)的其(qi)余部(bu)分，即黃(huang)(huang)/綠雙(shuang)色(se)(se)應(ying)基本均衡(heng)搭配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕緣和護套的(de)厚(hou)度、最(zui)薄(bo)厚(hou)度、外形(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)等(deng)。絕緣和護套的(de)厚(hou)度大(da)小對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)纜能夠耐受多大(da)強度的(de)電(dian)壓，以及其(qi)機械性能好壞都有(you)很重要的(de)作用，所以對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)不同規格的(de)電(dian)纜，標準對(dui)(dui)厚(hou)度都有(you)嚴(yan)(yan)格規定(ding)，要求不得低于(yu)(yu)(yu)國(guo)家標準的(de)規定(ding)值。電(dian)纜絕緣厚(hou)度太薄(bo)會嚴(yan)(yan)重影響(xiang)電(dian)纜的(de)使(shi)用安全，會帶來電(dian)纜擊穿、導體裸露引起漏電(dian)等(deng)安全隱患(huan)，當然(ran)也不是越厚(hou)越好，應不影響(xiang)安裝，故標準又設了一個外形(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)要求對(dui)(dui)此進行(xing)限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認(ren)證強制性認(ren)證，是進入國(guo)內(nei)市(shi)場的通行證。

2.CB認(ren)證(zheng)有利于產(chan)品(pin)(pin)出(chu)口用于家庭、辦公室、車間和類似場所(suo)的(de)直接涉及人(ren)身安全(quan)的(de)電工產(chan)品(pin)(pin)，這類產(chan)品(pin)(pin)在(zai)一部分國(guo)家中(zhong)實行強(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)認(ren)證(zheng)，即取得該(gai)國(guo)的(de)認(ren)證(zheng)合(he)格證(zheng)書后(hou)，才允許出(chu)口到該(gai)國(guo)，并在(zai)該(gai)國(guo)市場上銷(xiao)售。即使在(zai)未實行強(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)認(ren)證(zheng)的(de)國(guo)家中(zhong)，消費者為了(le)自身的(de)安全(quan)，都愿意購買經過認(ren)證(zheng)而帶有認(ren)證(zheng)標志的(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)。

3.CE認證

是產品(pin)(pin)進(jin)入歐(ou)盟及歐(ou)洲(zhou)貿易自由區國家(jia)市(shi)場的(de)通行證。獲得(de)認證并貼有(you)CE標志的(de)產品(pin)(pin)將降低在(zai)歐(ou)洲(zhou)市(shi)場上銷售(shou)的(de)風險：

1）被海關(guan)扣留和查處(chu)的風險;

2）被(bei)市場監督(du)機構(gou)查(cha)處的風險(xian);

3）同行出(chu)于(yu)競(jing)爭目的的指控風險。