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1.電性能檢測

主要有導(dao)體直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗及絕(jue)緣線(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗，每項都很重(zhong)要，導(dao)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)反(fan)映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)輸(shu)性能，直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜在通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中的溫(wen)度、壽命(ming)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降、以及運行安全，它主要考查導(dao)體的材(cai)質和截(jie)(jie)面積，若導(dao)體的材(cai)質不(bu)好或(huo)截(jie)(jie)面積嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)不(bu)足，就(jiu)會(hui)造(zao)成導(dao)體直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)超(chao)標(biao)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜鋪設在線(xian)路中就(jiu)會(hui)增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在線(xian)路上(shang)通(tong)過時的損耗，引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜導(dao)體本身發熱，引起(qi)包覆(fu)導(dao)體的絕(jue)緣老(lao)化(hua)開裂(lie)，造(zao)成供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路，甚至造(zao)成火災，危及人身、財產的安全。標(biao)準對不(bu)同(tong)規格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的導(dao)體直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)均有嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)的規定，不(bu)得大于標(biao)準規定的值(zhi)。

絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗，均(jun)(jun)考查的(de)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)層(ceng)和護套層(ceng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)性(xing)能，絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是檢測兩(liang)個(ge)導(dao)體之間絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材料的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，它應(ying)足(zu)夠大以起到絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)保(bao)護作用。成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗不(bu)(bu)光要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)有足(zu)夠的(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)能力，還要(yao)求(qiu)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)或護套材料均(jun)(jun)勻無雜質、厚(hou)度(du)足(zu)夠均(jun)(jun)勻，表面不(bu)(bu)能有看(kan)不(bu)(bu)見的(de)沙眼、針(zhen)孔等(deng)，否則就會(hui)造成(cheng)(cheng)耐壓試驗時(shi)局部擊穿(chuan)。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)是考查絕緣(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)塑料材(cai)料的(de)(de)抗(kang)張強(qiang)度、斷(duan)裂伸(shen)(shen)長率(lv)，包括老化(hua)前后，還有(you)對于成品軟(ruan)電(dian)纜(lan)進行(xing)的(de)(de)曲撓(nao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎曲試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷重斷(duan)芯試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕緣(yuan)線芯撕裂試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜態曲撓(nao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等。老化(hua)前、后抗(kang)張強(qiang)度、老化(hua)前后斷(duan)裂伸(shen)(shen)長率(lv)是電(dian)纜(lan)絕緣(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)材(cai)料最(zui)重要(yao)最(zui)基本的(de)(de)指標(biao)，要(yao)求(qiu)用作電(dian)纜(lan)絕緣(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)的(de)(de)材(cai)料，既要(yao)有(you)足(zu)夠的(de)(de)拉伸(shen)(shen)強(qiang)度不容(rong)易(yi)拉斷(duan)，又要(yao)有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)柔韌性。

老化(hua)是指在高溫條件下，絕緣和護套材料保持其原有(you)性能(neng)的(de)能(neng)力，老化(hua)不應嚴(yan)重影(ying)響材料的(de)抗張(zhang)強度(du)和伸長(chang)率，這(zhe)些都(dou)將(jiang)直接影(ying)響電纜的(de)使用(yong)壽命，若抗張(zhang)強度(du)和斷裂伸長(chang)率不合(he)格，進(jin)行電纜的(de)施工安裝時就(jiu)極易(yi)出現護套或絕緣體斷裂，或在光、熱環境下使用(yong)的(de)電纜其護套和絕緣容易(yi)變(bian)脆，斷裂，致使帶電導體裸(luo)露，發生觸(chu)電危險(xian)。

另(ling)外(wai)軟電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)由于(yu)不是(shi)固(gu)定敷設，使用中(zhong)存在(zai)反復拖拉、彎曲(qu)(qu)(qu)等(deng)(deng)情況，所以(yi)對于(yu)軟電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)標準(zhun)又另(ling)外(wai)規定了在(zai)其成品(pin)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)上加做動態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、彎曲(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、荷重斷(duan)芯試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、絕緣線芯撕裂試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、靜態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)(deng)，以(yi)保證這(zhe)種線纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)實際使用中(zhong)滿足要求。如動態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)主(zhu)要考核軟電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)受到外(wai)界的(de)機械拉伸和(he)彎曲(qu)(qu)(qu)等(deng)(deng)應力時，軟導體的(de)絞合(he)線絲是(shi)否斷(duan)裂而降低電(dian)的(de)傳輸性(xing)能，或者(zhe)刺破絕緣而降低絕緣電(dian)氣(qi)性(xing)能;絕緣在(zai)受到應力作用是(shi)是(shi)否變形或開裂而影響電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)電(dian)氣(qi)絕緣性(xing)能的(de)一(yi)種試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)法。

3.絕緣和護套材料性(xing)能試驗

包括熱(re)失重、熱(re)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)擊、高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)彎(wan)曲、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)拉伸、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)擊、阻(zu)燃(ran)性能(neng)等(deng)等(deng)。這些都是考(kao)查絕(jue)緣和護套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)塑料(liao)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)好壞，如熱(re)失重試驗是檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測經過7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)老化后材(cai)料(liao)降解、揮(hui)發的(de)(de)(de)程度;熱(re)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)擊檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測在(zai)150℃高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后經特殊卷繞的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣表面是否(fou)有開裂;高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測絕(jue)緣材(cai)料(liao)在(zai)經過高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)再冷(leng)卻后其彈性的(de)(de)(de)保持(chi)程度;所(suo)有的(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試驗一般指在(zai)-15℃條件下其機(ji)械(xie)性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)變化，都是檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測線(xian)纜(lan)材(cai)料(liao)在(zai)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)環境下是否(fou)變脆(cui)、易開裂或易拉斷等(deng)。 另外電纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)燃(ran)性能(neng)勝能(neng)很重要，考(kao)查該項性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)試驗為(wei)不延燃(ran)試驗，即對(dui)按標(biao)準安(an)裝的(de)(de)(de)成品電纜(lan)用(yong)專門的(de)(de)(de)火焰(yan)點(dian)燃(ran)一定的(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)，待其火焰(yan)自(zi)行熄滅后檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查線(xian)纜(lan)被燒的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，當然被燒掉的(de)(de)(de)部分越(yue)少越(yue)好，說明(ming)其燃(ran)燒性差，阻(zu)燃(ran)性好，越(yue)安(an)全(quan)。

4.標志檢查

標準要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)包裝上應附有表(biao)示產(chan)(chan)品型(xing)號(hao)(hao)、規格(ge)、標準號(hao)(hao)、廠名(ming)和產(chan)(chan)地的標簽(qian)或(huo)標志(zhi)(zhi)，規格(ge)包括額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、芯數和導(dao)體標稱截面等；電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)表(biao)面應印(yin)有制(zhi)造廠名(ming)、產(chan)(chan)品型(xing)號(hao)(hao)和額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的連續標志(zhi)(zhi)，標志(zhi)(zhi)間距要(yao)求(qiu)≤200mm(絕緣(yuan)表(biao)面)或(huo)≤500mm (護(hu)套表(biao)面)，標志(zhi)(zhi)內容應齊全、清晰、耐擦，這個要(yao)求(qiu)是方便使用者了解電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的型(xing)號(hao)(hao)規格(ge)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級，以(yi)防敷設錯誤。

另外，電(dian)(dian)線(xian)絕緣線(xian)芯應優先選(xuan)用(yong)標準(zhun)推(tui)薦的顏(yan)色(se)(se)，特別要提的是(shi)黃(huang)(huang)/綠雙色(se)(se)線(xian)芯，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)線(xian)一般用(yong)在電(dian)(dian)器產(chan)品(pin)的電(dian)(dian)源線(xian)中，這(zhe)條特殊雙色(se)(se)線(xian)專用(yong)于(yu)(yu)接(jie)地，對于(yu)(yu)黃(huang)(huang)/綠搭(da)配(pei)標準(zhun)也有(you)以(yi)下規定：即對每(mei)一段長巧(qiao)~的雙色(se)(se)絕緣線(xian)芯，其中一種(zhong)(zhong)顏(yan)色(se)(se)應至少(shao)覆(fu)蓋絕緣線(xian)芯表面(mian)的30%，且(qie)不(bu)大于(yu)(yu)70%，而另一種(zhong)(zhong)顏(yan)色(se)(se)則覆(fu)蓋絕緣線(xian)芯的其余部(bu)分，即黃(huang)(huang)/綠雙色(se)(se)應基本均衡搭(da)配(pei)。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包(bao)括絕緣(yuan)和護套(tao)的(de)(de)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、最(zui)薄(bo)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、外形尺(chi)寸等。絕緣(yuan)和護套(tao)的(de)(de)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)大小對(dui)(dui)于(yu)電(dian)纜(lan)能夠耐受多大強度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，以及其機(ji)械性能好壞(huai)都(dou)有很重要的(de)(de)作用，所(suo)以對(dui)(dui)于(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)規格的(de)(de)電(dian)纜(lan)，標準對(dui)(dui)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)都(dou)有嚴(yan)格規定，要求不(bu)(bu)(bu)得低于(yu)國家標準的(de)(de)規定值。電(dian)纜(lan)絕緣(yuan)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)太薄(bo)會嚴(yan)重影響電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)使用安全，會帶來(lai)電(dian)纜(lan)擊穿、導體裸露引起漏電(dian)等安全隱患(huan)，當然也不(bu)(bu)(bu)是越(yue)厚(hou)越(yue)好，應不(bu)(bu)(bu)影響安裝，故標準又設了一個外形尺(chi)寸要求對(dui)(dui)此進行限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證強(qiang)制性認證，是進(jin)入國(guo)內市場(chang)的通行證。

2.CB認證(zheng)(zheng)有利于(yu)(yu)產(chan)品出口用于(yu)(yu)家(jia)庭、辦公室、車間(jian)和(he)類(lei)似場所(suo)的(de)直(zhi)接涉及(ji)人身安全的(de)電(dian)工產(chan)品，這類(lei)產(chan)品在(zai)一部分(fen)國(guo)家(jia)中實行強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)性認證(zheng)(zheng)，即取得該(gai)國(guo)的(de)認證(zheng)(zheng)合(he)格證(zheng)(zheng)書后，才允(yun)許出口到(dao)該(gai)國(guo)，并在(zai)該(gai)國(guo)市場上(shang)銷(xiao)售。即使在(zai)未實行強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)性認證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)國(guo)家(jia)中，消費(fei)者(zhe)為(wei)了自(zi)身的(de)安全，都愿意購買(mai)經過認證(zheng)(zheng)而帶有認證(zheng)(zheng)標志(zhi)的(de)產(chan)品。

3.CE認證

是產(chan)品(pin)(pin)進入歐(ou)盟及歐(ou)洲貿易自由(you)區國家市(shi)場的(de)通行證。獲得認證并貼有CE標志的(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)將降低在歐(ou)洲市(shi)場上銷售的(de)風險：

1）被海關(guan)扣(kou)留和查處(chu)的風險;

2）被市場監督機構查(cha)處的風險;

3）同(tong)行出于競爭目的(de)的(de)指控風險。