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1.電性能檢測

主要有導體(ti)(ti)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗(yan)及絕緣線(xian)芯間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗(yan)，每項都很重要，導體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻直接反映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)輸性能(neng)，直接影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行(xing)(xing)中的(de)(de)(de)溫度、壽(shou)命(ming)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降、以及運行(xing)(xing)安(an)全(quan)，它(ta)主要考查導體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)質和(he)截(jie)(jie)面積(ji)，若導體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)質不(bu)好(hao)或(huo)截(jie)(jie)面積(ji)嚴(yan)重不(bu)足，就(jiu)會造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)導體(ti)(ti)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻嚴(yan)重超標(biao)，這(zhe)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)鋪(pu)設在線(xian)路(lu)(lu)中就(jiu)會增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在線(xian)路(lu)(lu)上通過時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)損耗，引(yin)起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導體(ti)(ti)本身發熱，引(yin)起(qi)包覆導體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)絕緣老化開裂，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路(lu)(lu)，甚至造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)火災，危及人身、財產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)。標(biao)準對不(bu)同規格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)導體(ti)(ti)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)均有嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)，不(bu)得大于標(biao)準規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)值(zhi)。

絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電阻、成品(pin)電壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯間(jian)(jian)電壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)，均考(kao)查的(de)是(shi)電纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)和護套層(ceng)的(de)電氣絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性能，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電阻是(shi)檢測(ce)兩個導體之間(jian)(jian)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材料的(de)電阻，它應足夠大以(yi)起到絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護作用。成品(pin)電壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯間(jian)(jian)電壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)不光(guang)要求電纜(lan)有(you)足夠的(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能力，還要求絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或護套材料均勻無雜(za)質、厚度足夠均勻，表(biao)面不能有(you)看不見的(de)沙眼、針孔等，否(fou)則就會造成耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)時局部擊穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主要是考(kao)查絕緣(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)塑料(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)抗張強(qiang)度、斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂伸(shen)長(chang)率，包括老化前后，還有(you)(you)對(dui)于成品軟電纜(lan)進行(xing)的(de)(de)曲(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎曲(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷(he)重斷(duan)(duan)(duan)芯試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕緣(yuan)線(xian)芯撕裂試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜(jing)態曲(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等。老化前、后抗張強(qiang)度、老化前后斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂伸(shen)長(chang)率是電纜(lan)絕緣(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)材料(liao)(liao)最(zui)重要最(zui)基本(ben)的(de)(de)指(zhi)標，要求用作電纜(lan)絕緣(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)的(de)(de)材料(liao)(liao)，既(ji)要有(you)(you)足夠(gou)的(de)(de)拉伸(shen)強(qiang)度不容(rong)易拉斷(duan)(duan)(duan)，又(you)要有(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)柔韌性。

老(lao)(lao)化是指在高溫條件下(xia)，絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)護(hu)(hu)套(tao)(tao)材(cai)料(liao)保(bao)持其(qi)原有性(xing)能的(de)能力，老(lao)(lao)化不應嚴(yan)重影響(xiang)(xiang)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)抗張(zhang)強度和(he)(he)伸長率，這些都將直接影響(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)使用壽命，若抗張(zhang)強度和(he)(he)斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)伸長率不合格，進行電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)施工安裝時就極易出現護(hu)(hu)套(tao)(tao)或絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)體斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)，或在光、熱環境(jing)下(xia)使用的(de)電(dian)纜(lan)其(qi)護(hu)(hu)套(tao)(tao)和(he)(he)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)容易變脆，斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)，致使帶電(dian)導體裸露，發生觸電(dian)危(wei)險。

另外軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)由(you)于不是(shi)(shi)(shi)固(gu)定敷(fu)設，使(shi)用中存在(zai)(zai)反復拖拉、彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)等情況，所以(yi)(yi)對于軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)標(biao)準又(you)另外規(gui)定了在(zai)(zai)其成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)上加做動態曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)驗(yan)、彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)、荷(he)重斷(duan)芯試(shi)驗(yan)、絕(jue)緣線(xian)芯撕(si)裂(lie)試(shi)驗(yan)、靜態曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)驗(yan)等，以(yi)(yi)保證這種(zhong)(zhong)線(xian)纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)(zai)實際使(shi)用中滿(man)足要(yao)求(qiu)。如動態曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)驗(yan)主要(yao)考核(he)軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)(zai)受到外界的(de)機(ji)械拉伸和(he)彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)等應(ying)(ying)力(li)時，軟(ruan)導體的(de)絞(jiao)合線(xian)絲是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)斷(duan)裂(lie)而降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)傳輸性能(neng)，或(huo)者刺破絕(jue)緣而降(jiang)低(di)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性能(neng);絕(jue)緣在(zai)(zai)受到應(ying)(ying)力(li)作用是(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)變形或(huo)開裂(lie)而影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣性能(neng)的(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)方法。

3.絕緣和(he)護套材料(liao)性(xing)能試驗

包括(kuo)熱失(shi)重(zhong)、熱沖(chong)擊(ji)、高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)壓力(li)、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)彎(wan)曲、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)拉(la)伸、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)沖(chong)擊(ji)、阻燃性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)等(deng)。這些都是(shi)考查絕(jue)緣(yuan)和(he)護套的(de)(de)(de)(de)塑料(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)好壞，如熱失(shi)重(zhong)試(shi)(shi)驗是(shi)檢(jian)(jian)測經(jing)過7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)老化后材料(liao)(liao)降解、揮發的(de)(de)(de)(de)程度;熱沖(chong)擊(ji)檢(jian)(jian)測在(zai)150℃高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)1h后經(jing)特殊(shu)卷繞的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)表面是(shi)否有開裂;高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)壓力(li)檢(jian)(jian)測絕(jue)緣(yuan)材料(liao)(liao)在(zai)經(jing)過高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)再冷卻后其彈性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保持程度;所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)驗一(yi)般指在(zai)-15℃條件下其機(ji)械性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化，都是(shi)檢(jian)(jian)測線(xian)纜(lan)材料(liao)(liao)在(zai)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)環境下是(shi)否變脆、易(yi)開裂或易(yi)拉(la)斷等(deng)。 另外(wai)電纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻燃性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)勝能(neng)(neng)(neng)很(hen)重(zhong)要，考查該項性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗為(wei)不延燃試(shi)(shi)驗，即對(dui)按(an)標準安(an)裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)成品電纜(lan)用專門的(de)(de)(de)(de)火焰點(dian)燃一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間，待其火焰自行(xing)熄滅(mie)后檢(jian)(jian)查線(xian)纜(lan)被(bei)燒(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，當然(ran)被(bei)燒(shao)掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分越少越好，說明其燃燒(shao)性(xing)差，阻燃性(xing)好，越安(an)全。

4.標志檢查

標準要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)包(bao)裝上應(ying)附有表(biao)示(shi)產品型(xing)(xing)號、規格、標準號、廠(chang)名和產地的標簽或標志，規格包(bao)括額定電(dian)(dian)壓、芯數和導體標稱截面(mian)等；電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)表(biao)面(mian)應(ying)印有制造(zao)廠(chang)名、產品型(xing)(xing)號和額定電(dian)(dian)壓的連續標志，標志間距要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)≤200mm(絕緣(yuan)表(biao)面(mian))或≤500mm (護套表(biao)面(mian))，標志內容應(ying)齊全、清晰(xi)、耐擦，這個要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)方便使(shi)用者了解電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的型(xing)(xing)號規格及電(dian)(dian)壓等級，以防敷設錯(cuo)誤(wu)。

另(ling)外(wai)，電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)應優先(xian)選(xuan)用(yong)標準推薦的(de)(de)(de)(de)顏色(se)(se)(se)，特別要(yao)提的(de)(de)(de)(de)是黃(huang)/綠雙色(se)(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，這種(zhong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)般用(yong)在電(dian)器產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)源線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中，這條特殊雙色(se)(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)專用(yong)于接地(di)，對于黃(huang)/綠搭配標準也有以下規定(ding)：即對每一(yi)段長(chang)巧~的(de)(de)(de)(de)雙色(se)(se)(se)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，其中一(yi)種(zhong)顏色(se)(se)(se)應至少覆蓋(gai)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)表面的(de)(de)(de)(de)30%，且不大于70%，而另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)顏色(se)(se)(se)則覆蓋(gai)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)其余部分，即黃(huang)/綠雙色(se)(se)(se)應基本均衡搭配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和護套的(de)(de)(de)厚度(du)、最薄厚度(du)、外形(xing)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)等。絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和護套的(de)(de)(de)厚度(du)大(da)小(xiao)對(dui)于電纜(lan)能夠耐受多(duo)大(da)強度(du)的(de)(de)(de)電壓，以及其機(ji)械性(xing)能好壞(huai)都(dou)有(you)很重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，所以對(dui)于不(bu)同(tong)規(gui)格的(de)(de)(de)電纜(lan)，標(biao)準(zhun)對(dui)厚度(du)都(dou)有(you)嚴格規(gui)定，要(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)得低于國家標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定值。電纜(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)厚度(du)太(tai)薄會嚴重影(ying)響電纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)使用安(an)全，會帶(dai)來電纜(lan)擊穿、導體裸(luo)露(lu)引起漏電等安(an)全隱(yin)患，當(dang)然也不(bu)是越(yue)厚越(yue)好，應不(bu)影(ying)響安(an)裝，故標(biao)準(zhun)又設了一個外形(xing)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)要(yao)求(qiu)對(dui)此進行限(xian)制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證強制性(xing)認證，是進(jin)入國(guo)內市場(chang)的通行證。

2.CB認證有利于產(chan)(chan)品出(chu)口用于家(jia)庭、辦(ban)公室、車(che)間和類似場所的(de)(de)(de)(de)直接涉(she)及人身安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)電工產(chan)(chan)品，這類產(chan)(chan)品在(zai)一部分國(guo)(guo)家(jia)中實行(xing)強制性認證，即(ji)取得(de)該(gai)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)認證合(he)格證書后，才允許出(chu)口到該(gai)國(guo)(guo)，并(bing)在(zai)該(gai)國(guo)(guo)市場上(shang)銷售。即(ji)使在(zai)未實行(xing)強制性認證的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)中，消費者為了自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全，都(dou)愿(yuan)意購買經過認證而帶有認證標志的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品。

3.CE認證

是產品進(jin)入(ru)歐盟及歐洲貿易自由(you)區國(guo)家市場(chang)的(de)通(tong)行證。獲得認證并貼有CE標志的(de)產品將降低在歐洲市場(chang)上銷(xiao)售的(de)風險：

1）被海關扣留和查處的風險;

2）被市場(chang)監督機(ji)構查處(chu)的風險;

3）同(tong)行(xing)出于競爭目的的指控風(feng)險。