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1.電性能檢測

主(zhu)要有導(dao)(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗(yan)及(ji)(ji)絕緣線(xian)芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗(yan)，每項都很重(zhong)要，導(dao)(dao)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻直(zhi)接反映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸(shu)性能，直(zhi)接影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中的(de)溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降、以及(ji)(ji)運行安全(quan)，它主(zhu)要考查(cha)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)的(de)材質和截面(mian)(mian)積，若導(dao)(dao)體(ti)的(de)材質不好或(huo)截面(mian)(mian)積嚴(yan)重(zhong)不足(zu)，就會(hui)造成(cheng)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻嚴(yan)重(zhong)超標(biao)，這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)鋪設在(zai)線(xian)路中就會(hui)增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)線(xian)路上通過時的(de)損(sun)耗(hao)，引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)本身發熱，引起包覆導(dao)(dao)體(ti)的(de)絕緣老化開裂，造成(cheng)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短(duan)路，甚至造成(cheng)火災，危及(ji)(ji)人身、財產的(de)安全(quan)。標(biao)準(zhun)對不同規格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值均有嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)規定，不得大(da)于標(biao)準(zhun)規定的(de)值。

絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)、成(cheng)品電(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗及絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯間電(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗，均(jun)(jun)考查(cha)的是電(dian)纜絕緣(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)和護(hu)套(tao)層(ceng)的電(dian)氣絕緣(yuan)(yuan)性能(neng)，絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)是檢測兩個導體之間絕緣(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的電(dian)阻(zu)，它應足夠(gou)大以起到(dao)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)作用。成(cheng)品電(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗及絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯間電(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗不(bu)光(guang)要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)纜有足夠(gou)的絕緣(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)力，還要(yao)求(qiu)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)或護(hu)套(tao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)無雜質、厚度(du)足夠(gou)均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)，表面不(bu)能(neng)有看不(bu)見的沙(sha)眼、針孔等，否(fou)則就會造成(cheng)耐壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗時局部擊穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)是考查絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和護套塑料(liao)材料(liao)的(de)抗張強(qiang)度、斷(duan)(duan)裂伸(shen)長率，包括(kuo)老化(hua)前(qian)后(hou)，還有對于(yu)成品軟電纜進行的(de)曲撓試驗、彎曲試驗、荷重斷(duan)(duan)芯試驗、絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯撕(si)裂試驗、靜態曲撓試驗等。老化(hua)前(qian)、后(hou)抗張強(qiang)度、老化(hua)前(qian)后(hou)斷(duan)(duan)裂伸(shen)長率是電纜絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和護套材料(liao)最重要(yao)最基本(ben)的(de)指標，要(yao)求用作電纜絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和護套的(de)材料(liao)，既要(yao)有足夠的(de)拉(la)(la)伸(shen)強(qiang)度不容易拉(la)(la)斷(duan)(duan)，又要(yao)有一定的(de)柔韌性(xing)。

老化(hua)是指在(zai)高溫條件下，絕(jue)緣(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)材(cai)料(liao)保持其原有性(xing)能的(de)能力，老化(hua)不應嚴重影響材(cai)料(liao)的(de)抗(kang)張強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)和(he)伸長率(lv)，這些(xie)都(dou)將直接(jie)影響電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)使(shi)用壽命，若抗(kang)張強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)和(he)斷裂(lie)伸長率(lv)不合格，進行電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)施工安裝時就極易出現護套(tao)或絕(jue)緣(yuan)體斷裂(lie)，或在(zai)光(guang)、熱環境(jing)下使(shi)用的(de)電(dian)(dian)纜其護套(tao)和(he)絕(jue)緣(yuan)容易變脆，斷裂(lie)，致使(shi)帶電(dian)(dian)導體裸(luo)露，發生(sheng)觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)危險。

另外軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)由于不(bu)是固(gu)定敷設，使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)存在(zai)反復拖拉、彎曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)情況，所以對于軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)標準又另外規定了在(zai)其成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)上加做動態曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎曲(qu)(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷(he)重斷芯(xin)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕緣(yuan)線芯(xin)撕裂試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜態曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等(deng)，以保證這種線纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)實際使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)滿足要(yao)求。如動態曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)主要(yao)考核軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)受到外界的(de)機(ji)械拉伸和彎曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)應力時，軟(ruan)導體的(de)絞合線絲是否斷裂而(er)降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)傳輸性能(neng)，或者刺破(po)絕緣(yuan)而(er)降低絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)性能(neng);絕緣(yuan)在(zai)受到應力作(zuo)用(yong)是是否變(bian)形或開(kai)裂而(er)影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)絕緣(yuan)性能(neng)的(de)一(yi)種試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方法。

3.絕(jue)緣和護套材料性(xing)能試(shi)驗

包括熱(re)失重、熱(re)沖擊、高溫(wen)(wen)壓力(li)、低溫(wen)(wen)彎曲、低溫(wen)(wen)拉伸(shen)、低溫(wen)(wen)沖擊、阻(zu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)性(xing)能(neng)等等。這些都(dou)是(shi)考查(cha)絕緣和護套的(de)(de)塑(su)料材料的(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)好壞，如熱(re)失重試(shi)驗(yan)是(shi)檢(jian)測經過7天80℃的(de)(de)高溫(wen)(wen)老(lao)化后(hou)材料降解、揮(hui)發(fa)的(de)(de)程(cheng)度;熱(re)沖擊檢(jian)測在150℃高溫(wen)(wen)1h后(hou)經特殊卷繞的(de)(de)絕緣表面是(shi)否有(you)開(kai)裂;高溫(wen)(wen)壓力(li)檢(jian)測絕緣材料在經過高溫(wen)(wen)再冷卻(que)后(hou)其(qi)彈性(xing)的(de)(de)保持程(cheng)度;所有(you)的(de)(de)低溫(wen)(wen)試(shi)驗(yan)一般(ban)指在-15℃條件下其(qi)機械性(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)變(bian)化，都(dou)是(shi)檢(jian)測線纜材料在低溫(wen)(wen)環境下是(shi)否變(bian)脆、易開(kai)裂或易拉斷等。 另外電纜的(de)(de)阻(zu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)性(xing)能(neng)勝能(neng)很重要，考查(cha)該項性(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)為不延燃(ran)(ran)(ran)試(shi)驗(yan)，即對按(an)標準安裝的(de)(de)成品電纜用專門的(de)(de)火焰點燃(ran)(ran)(ran)一定的(de)(de)時間，待其(qi)火焰自行熄滅后(hou)檢(jian)查(cha)線纜被燒的(de)(de)情況，當然被燒掉的(de)(de)部分越少越好，說(shuo)明其(qi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒性(xing)差，阻(zu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)性(xing)好，越安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)準要(yao)求電(dian)纜(lan)包裝上應附有(you)表示產品(pin)(pin)型(xing)號(hao)(hao)、規格、標(biao)準號(hao)(hao)、廠名和產地的(de)標(biao)簽或標(biao)志(zhi)，規格包括額定(ding)電(dian)壓、芯數(shu)和導體標(biao)稱截面等；電(dian)纜(lan)表面應印有(you)制造廠名、產品(pin)(pin)型(xing)號(hao)(hao)和額定(ding)電(dian)壓的(de)連續標(biao)志(zhi)，標(biao)志(zhi)間距要(yao)求≤200mm(絕緣表面)或≤500mm (護套表面)，標(biao)志(zhi)內容應齊全、清晰、耐擦，這個要(yao)求是方便使用(yong)者(zhe)了解電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)型(xing)號(hao)(hao)規格及(ji)電(dian)壓等級，以防敷(fu)設(she)錯誤。

另(ling)外，電(dian)線(xian)絕緣線(xian)芯應優先選用(yong)標(biao)準(zhun)推薦(jian)的顏(yan)色(se)(se)，特(te)別要提的是黃/綠雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)(se)線(xian)芯，這種線(xian)一(yi)般用(yong)在(zai)電(dian)器產(chan)品的電(dian)源(yuan)線(xian)中(zhong)，這條(tiao)特(te)殊(shu)雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)(se)線(xian)專用(yong)于(yu)(yu)接地，對于(yu)(yu)黃/綠搭(da)配標(biao)準(zhun)也(ye)有以下規定：即對每一(yi)段(duan)長(chang)巧~的雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)(se)絕緣線(xian)芯，其中(zhong)一(yi)種顏(yan)色(se)(se)應至少覆(fu)蓋(gai)絕緣線(xian)芯表面的30%，且不大于(yu)(yu)70%，而另(ling)一(yi)種顏(yan)色(se)(se)則(ze)覆(fu)蓋(gai)絕緣線(xian)芯的其余(yu)部分(fen)，即黃/綠雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)(se)應基本均衡(heng)搭(da)配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包(bao)括(kuo)絕(jue)(jue)緣和護套的(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)、最薄(bo)(bo)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)、外(wai)形(xing)尺(chi)寸等。絕(jue)(jue)緣和護套的(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)大小對(dui)于電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)能夠(gou)耐受多大強度(du)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓，以及其機械性能好(hao)壞都有很重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)作用，所以對(dui)于不同規(gui)格的(de)(de)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，標準對(dui)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)都有嚴(yan)格規(gui)定，要(yao)求不得低于國家(jia)標準的(de)(de)規(gui)定值。電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)絕(jue)(jue)緣厚(hou)(hou)度(du)太薄(bo)(bo)會(hui)嚴(yan)重(zhong)影響電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)使用安(an)(an)全(quan)，會(hui)帶來電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)擊穿、導(dao)體裸(luo)露引起漏電(dian)等安(an)(an)全(quan)隱患，當然也不是越厚(hou)(hou)越好(hao)，應不影響安(an)(an)裝，故標準又設(she)了一個(ge)外(wai)形(xing)尺(chi)寸要(yao)求對(dui)此進行限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認(ren)證強制性認(ren)證，是(shi)進入國內市(shi)場(chang)的通(tong)行證。

2.CB認證有利于(yu)產(chan)(chan)品出(chu)口用于(yu)家庭、辦公室、車間和類(lei)似場所的(de)直接涉(she)及(ji)人(ren)身(shen)安全的(de)電工產(chan)(chan)品，這類(lei)產(chan)(chan)品在(zai)一部分國(guo)家中實行(xing)強制性認證，即取得該(gai)國(guo)的(de)認證合格證書后，才(cai)允(yun)許出(chu)口到該(gai)國(guo)，并在(zai)該(gai)國(guo)市場上銷售。即使在(zai)未實行(xing)強制性認證的(de)國(guo)家中，消費者為了自身(shen)的(de)安全，都愿意購(gou)買經(jing)過認證而帶有認證標志的(de)產(chan)(chan)品。

3.CE認證

是產(chan)品進入歐盟(meng)及歐洲(zhou)貿易自由區國家市場的通行證(zheng)。獲得認證(zheng)并貼(tie)有CE標志的產(chan)品將降低在歐洲(zhou)市場上銷售的風險：

1）被海(hai)關扣留和查處的風險;

2）被市場監督機構查處的風險;

3）同行出于競爭(zheng)目的的指控(kong)風險。