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1.電性能檢測

主要有(you)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗及絕緣線(xian)芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗，每項都(dou)很重要，導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻直(zhi)接反(fan)映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性(xing)能，直(zhi)接影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜在通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)行中(zhong)的(de)溫度(du)、壽命(ming)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降、以及運(yun)行安(an)全，它主要考查導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)材(cai)(cai)質和截面(mian)積，若(ruo)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)材(cai)(cai)質不好或截面(mian)積嚴(yan)重不足，就(jiu)會造(zao)成導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻嚴(yan)重超標，這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜鋪設在線(xian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)就(jiu)會增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在線(xian)路(lu)(lu)上(shang)通過時的(de)損耗，引(yin)起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)本身發熱，引(yin)起(qi)包覆導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)絕緣老化(hua)開(kai)裂(lie)，造(zao)成供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路(lu)(lu)，甚(shen)至造(zao)成火災，危(wei)及人身、財產的(de)安(an)全。標準(zhun)對(dui)不同(tong)規格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值均有(you)嚴(yan)格的(de)規定，不得大于標準(zhun)規定的(de)值。

絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)、成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗及(ji)(ji)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗，均(jun)考查的(de)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)和護(hu)套層(ceng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性能，絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)是(shi)檢測(ce)兩(liang)個導體之間絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材料(liao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)，它應足(zu)夠(gou)大以起到絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護(hu)作用。成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗及(ji)(ji)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗不光要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜有(you)足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能力(li)，還要求絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或護(hu)套材料(liao)均(jun)勻(yun)無雜質、厚度足(zu)夠(gou)均(jun)勻(yun)，表(biao)面不能有(you)看(kan)不見(jian)的(de)沙眼(yan)、針(zhen)孔等，否則就會(hui)造成耐(nai)壓試(shi)驗時局部擊穿(chuan)。

2.機械性能檢測

主(zhu)要是(shi)考查絕緣(yuan)(yuan)和護(hu)套塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)抗張強度(du)、斷裂伸(shen)長(chang)率(lv)，包括老化(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)，還有對于成品軟電纜進(jin)行的(de)曲(qu)撓試驗(yan)、彎(wan)曲(qu)試驗(yan)、荷重斷芯試驗(yan)、絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯撕裂試驗(yan)、靜(jing)態(tai)曲(qu)撓試驗(yan)等。老化(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)、后(hou)抗張強度(du)、老化(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)斷裂伸(shen)長(chang)率(lv)是(shi)電纜絕緣(yuan)(yuan)和護(hu)套材料(liao)(liao)(liao)最(zui)重要最(zui)基本的(de)指標，要求用作電纜絕緣(yuan)(yuan)和護(hu)套的(de)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)，既要有足夠的(de)拉伸(shen)強度(du)不容易拉斷，又要有一定的(de)柔(rou)韌(ren)性。

老化(hua)是指(zhi)在(zai)高溫條(tiao)件下，絕緣(yuan)和護套(tao)材料保持其原有性能的(de)能力，老化(hua)不(bu)應嚴重(zhong)影響材料的(de)抗(kang)張(zhang)(zhang)強(qiang)度(du)和伸長(chang)率，這(zhe)些都將直接影響電(dian)纜的(de)使(shi)用壽命，若抗(kang)張(zhang)(zhang)強(qiang)度(du)和斷裂伸長(chang)率不(bu)合格，進行電(dian)纜的(de)施工安裝時(shi)就極(ji)易(yi)出(chu)現護套(tao)或(huo)絕緣(yuan)體斷裂，或(huo)在(zai)光(guang)、熱環境下使(shi)用的(de)電(dian)纜其護套(tao)和絕緣(yuan)容(rong)易(yi)變脆，斷裂，致使(shi)帶(dai)電(dian)導體裸露，發(fa)生(sheng)觸電(dian)危(wei)險。

另外(wai)軟(ruan)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)由于(yu)不是固(gu)定敷設，使(shi)用中存在(zai)反復拖拉(la)、彎(wan)曲(qu)等情況(kuang)，所以對(dui)于(yu)軟(ruan)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)標準又另外(wai)規定了在(zai)其成(cheng)品電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)上加做動態曲(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、彎(wan)曲(qu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、荷重斷芯試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯撕裂試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、靜態曲(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)等，以保證這種線(xian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)在(zai)實際使(shi)用中滿足要(yao)求。如動態曲(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)主要(yao)考核軟(ruan)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)在(zai)受到外(wai)界的機械拉(la)伸和彎(wan)曲(qu)等應(ying)力時，軟(ruan)導(dao)體(ti)的絞合(he)線(xian)絲是否斷裂而降(jiang)低電(dian)的傳輸性能，或者刺破絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)而降(jiang)低絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)氣性能;絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)在(zai)受到應(ying)力作用是是否變形或開裂而影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的電(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)性能的一種試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)法。

3.絕緣(yuan)和護套(tao)材料性能試驗

包括熱(re)(re)失(shi)重、熱(re)(re)沖擊、高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)彎曲、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)拉(la)伸(shen)、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)沖擊、阻燃性(xing)能(neng)(neng)等等。這些都是(shi)考查絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)和護(hu)套的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)料材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)好(hao)(hao)壞，如熱(re)(re)失(shi)重試(shi)驗是(shi)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)經過7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)老化后材料降解、揮發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度(du);熱(re)(re)沖擊檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)在(zai)150℃高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后經特殊(shu)卷繞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)表面(mian)是(shi)否(fou)有(you)開裂(lie);高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材料在(zai)經過高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)再(zai)冷卻后其彈性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保持程度(du);所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)驗一般指在(zai)-15℃條(tiao)件下(xia)其機械性(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化，都是(shi)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)線(xian)纜(lan)材料在(zai)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)環境下(xia)是(shi)否(fou)變脆、易開裂(lie)或易拉(la)斷等。 另(ling)外電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻燃性(xing)能(neng)(neng)勝能(neng)(neng)很(hen)重要，考查該項性(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗為(wei)不延(yan)燃試(shi)驗，即(ji)對按標(biao)準安裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)品電(dian)纜(lan)用專門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火焰點燃一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間，待其火焰自行熄滅后檢(jian)(jian)查線(xian)纜(lan)被(bei)(bei)燒(shao)(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，當然被(bei)(bei)燒(shao)(shao)掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分越(yue)(yue)少越(yue)(yue)好(hao)(hao)，說明其燃燒(shao)(shao)性(xing)差，阻燃性(xing)好(hao)(hao)，越(yue)(yue)安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)準要求(qiu)(qiu)電纜包裝上(shang)應附有(you)表(biao)(biao)示產(chan)品(pin)型號(hao)、規格(ge)、標(biao)準號(hao)、廠名和產(chan)地的(de)標(biao)簽或標(biao)志(zhi)，規格(ge)包括額(e)定(ding)電壓、芯數和導(dao)體標(biao)稱(cheng)截面(mian)(mian)等；電纜表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)應印(yin)有(you)制造(zao)廠名、產(chan)品(pin)型號(hao)和額(e)定(ding)電壓的(de)連續標(biao)志(zhi)，標(biao)志(zhi)間距要求(qiu)(qiu)≤200mm(絕緣(yuan)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian))或≤500mm (護套表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian))，標(biao)志(zhi)內容(rong)應齊全、清晰(xi)、耐擦，這個要求(qiu)(qiu)是方便使用者了(le)解電纜的(de)型號(hao)規格(ge)及(ji)電壓等級，以防(fang)敷設錯誤(wu)。

另外，電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)應(ying)優先選用(yong)標(biao)準推(tui)薦的(de)顏(yan)色(se)，特別要(yao)提(ti)的(de)是黃/綠(lv)雙色(se)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，這種線(xian)(xian)一般用(yong)在電(dian)(dian)器產品的(de)電(dian)(dian)源線(xian)(xian)中，這條特殊雙色(se)線(xian)(xian)專用(yong)于(yu)接地，對(dui)于(yu)黃/綠(lv)搭配標(biao)準也有以下規定：即(ji)對(dui)每一段長巧~的(de)雙色(se)絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，其中一種顏(yan)色(se)應(ying)至(zhi)少覆蓋絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)表面的(de)30%，且不大于(yu)70%，而(er)另一種顏(yan)色(se)則覆蓋絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)的(de)其余(yu)部(bu)分，即(ji)黃/綠(lv)雙色(se)應(ying)基本均衡(heng)搭配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕緣(yuan)和護套的厚(hou)度(du)、最薄厚(hou)度(du)、外形尺寸(cun)等。絕緣(yuan)和護套的厚(hou)度(du)大小對(dui)于(yu)電纜能(neng)夠耐受(shou)多大強度(du)的電壓，以及其機械性能(neng)好壞都有很重(zhong)要的作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，所(suo)以對(dui)于(yu)不(bu)同規(gui)格(ge)(ge)的電纜，標準對(dui)厚(hou)度(du)都有嚴格(ge)(ge)規(gui)定，要求(qiu)(qiu)不(bu)得低于(yu)國家標準的規(gui)定值。電纜絕緣(yuan)厚(hou)度(du)太薄會嚴重(zhong)影響(xiang)電纜的使(shi)用(yong)(yong)安全，會帶來(lai)電纜擊穿(chuan)、導體裸露引起漏電等安全隱患(huan)，當然也不(bu)是越厚(hou)越好，應(ying)不(bu)影響(xiang)安裝，故標準又(you)設了一個外形尺寸(cun)要求(qiu)(qiu)對(dui)此進行限(xian)制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認(ren)證強制性認(ren)證，是進(jin)入(ru)國內市(shi)場的(de)通(tong)行證。

2.CB認(ren)證(zheng)有利于產品出(chu)口用(yong)于家庭(ting)、辦公(gong)室、車(che)間和類似(si)場(chang)所的(de)直接涉(she)及(ji)人身安全的(de)電工產品，這類產品在(zai)一部分國(guo)(guo)(guo)家中實(shi)(shi)行強制性認(ren)證(zheng)，即(ji)取得該國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)認(ren)證(zheng)合格證(zheng)書后，才允(yun)許出(chu)口到該國(guo)(guo)(guo)，并在(zai)該國(guo)(guo)(guo)市場(chang)上銷售。即(ji)使在(zai)未實(shi)(shi)行強制性認(ren)證(zheng)的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家中，消費者為了自身的(de)安全，都愿意購(gou)買經過(guo)認(ren)證(zheng)而帶有認(ren)證(zheng)標志的(de)產品。

3.CE認證

是產(chan)品進入歐盟(meng)及(ji)歐洲貿易自(zi)由區國家市場的(de)通行證。獲(huo)得認證并貼有CE標志的(de)產(chan)品將降低在歐洲市場上銷售的(de)風險(xian)：

1）被海(hai)關扣留和查處(chu)的風險(xian);

2）被(bei)市(shi)場監督機構查處的風險;

3）同行(xing)出于競爭(zheng)目的的指控風險。