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1.電性能檢測

主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有(you)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)、絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)、成(cheng)(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)及(ji)(ji)絕(jue)緣線(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)，每項都很重要(yao)，導(dao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)直接(jie)反(fan)映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)輸性能，直接(jie)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)行中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降、以及(ji)(ji)運(yun)行安全，它主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)考查導(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材質(zhi)和截(jie)面積(ji)，若導(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材質(zhi)不(bu)好或(huo)截(jie)面積(ji)嚴重不(bu)足，就(jiu)(jiu)會造成(cheng)(cheng)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)嚴重超(chao)標，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)鋪設在線(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)就(jiu)(jiu)會增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在線(xian)路(lu)上(shang)通(tong)過時的(de)(de)(de)(de)損耗，引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)本身(shen)發熱(re)，引(yin)起包覆導(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣老化開(kai)裂，造成(cheng)(cheng)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路(lu)，甚(shen)至造成(cheng)(cheng)火災(zai)，危(wei)及(ji)(ji)人身(shen)、財(cai)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全。標準對不(bu)同規格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)均(jun)有(you)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定，不(bu)得大(da)于標準規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)值(zhi)(zhi)。

絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)、成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，均(jun)考查的(de)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層和護(hu)套(tao)層的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)能，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)是(shi)檢測(ce)兩個導體(ti)之間(jian)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，它應足(zu)夠大以起到絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護(hu)作用。成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)不光(guang)要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜有足(zu)夠的(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能力，還要求絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或護(hu)套(tao)材(cai)料(liao)均(jun)勻無雜質、厚(hou)度足(zu)夠均(jun)勻，表(biao)面不能有看不見(jian)的(de)沙(sha)眼、針(zhen)孔等，否(fou)則就會造成耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時局部擊(ji)穿(chuan)。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)(yao)是考查絕(jue)(jue)緣和護套塑(su)料(liao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)抗張強度、斷(duan)裂伸(shen)長率，包括老化(hua)前后(hou)(hou)，還有對(dui)于成品(pin)軟電纜進行的(de)曲撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎曲試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷重(zhong)斷(duan)芯(xin)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)(jue)緣線芯(xin)撕裂試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜態曲撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等。老化(hua)前、后(hou)(hou)抗張強度、老化(hua)前后(hou)(hou)斷(duan)裂伸(shen)長率是電纜絕(jue)(jue)緣和護套材(cai)(cai)料(liao)最重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)最基本的(de)指(zhi)標，要(yao)(yao)求用作電纜絕(jue)(jue)緣和護套的(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)，既要(yao)(yao)有足夠的(de)拉伸(shen)強度不容易拉斷(duan)，又(you)要(yao)(yao)有一定的(de)柔韌性。

老(lao)化(hua)(hua)是指在(zai)高溫條(tiao)件下，絕(jue)(jue)緣和護(hu)套(tao)材料保持其原有(you)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)能(neng)力，老(lao)化(hua)(hua)不(bu)應嚴重影響材料的(de)抗張強度(du)和伸長(chang)率，這些都將直接影響電(dian)纜的(de)使用(yong)壽(shou)命，若抗張強度(du)和斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)伸長(chang)率不(bu)合(he)格，進行電(dian)纜的(de)施工安裝時就極易出現護(hu)套(tao)或絕(jue)(jue)緣體斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)，或在(zai)光、熱環境下使用(yong)的(de)電(dian)纜其護(hu)套(tao)和絕(jue)(jue)緣容易變脆，斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)，致使帶(dai)電(dian)導體裸(luo)露，發生觸電(dian)危險。

另(ling)外軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)由于(yu)不是(shi)(shi)固(gu)定敷設，使(shi)(shi)用中存(cun)在(zai)(zai)反復拖拉(la)、彎(wan)曲(qu)等(deng)情況(kuang)，所以對于(yu)軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)標準(zhun)又(you)另(ling)外規(gui)定了在(zai)(zai)其成品電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)上加做動態曲(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、彎(wan)曲(qu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、荷重(zhong)斷芯試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、絕緣線(xian)芯撕(si)裂(lie)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、靜態曲(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)等(deng)，以保(bao)證(zheng)這種線(xian)纜(lan)在(zai)(zai)實際使(shi)(shi)用中滿足(zu)要(yao)(yao)求。如(ru)動態曲(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)主要(yao)(yao)考核軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)(zai)受到外界的機械拉(la)伸和彎(wan)曲(qu)等(deng)應(ying)力時(shi)，軟(ruan)導(dao)體的絞合線(xian)絲是(shi)(shi)否斷裂(lie)而降低電(dian)(dian)的傳輸(shu)性(xing)能(neng)，或(huo)者(zhe)刺破(po)絕緣而降低絕緣電(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能(neng);絕緣在(zai)(zai)受到應(ying)力作用是(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)否變形或(huo)開裂(lie)而影響電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的電(dian)(dian)氣絕緣性(xing)能(neng)的一種試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)方法。

3.絕緣和(he)護(hu)套(tao)材料性能試驗

包括熱(re)失重(zhong)、熱(re)沖(chong)擊(ji)、高(gao)溫(wen)壓力(li)、低(di)(di)溫(wen)彎曲、低(di)(di)溫(wen)拉伸、低(di)(di)溫(wen)沖(chong)擊(ji)、阻(zu)(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)等(deng)等(deng)。這些都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)考查(cha)絕緣和護套的(de)(de)(de)塑料(liao)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)好(hao)壞，如熱(re)失重(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)經(jing)過7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)老化后(hou)材(cai)料(liao)降解、揮發的(de)(de)(de)程度;熱(re)沖(chong)擊(ji)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)在(zai)150℃高(gao)溫(wen)1h后(hou)經(jing)特殊卷(juan)繞的(de)(de)(de)絕緣表面(mian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否有開(kai)裂;高(gao)溫(wen)壓力(li)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)絕緣材(cai)料(liao)在(zai)經(jing)過高(gao)溫(wen)再(zai)冷卻后(hou)其(qi)彈性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)保持(chi)程度;所有的(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)溫(wen)試(shi)驗(yan)一般指在(zai)-15℃條件下(xia)其(qi)機械性(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)變化，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)線(xian)纜材(cai)料(liao)在(zai)低(di)(di)溫(wen)環境(jing)下(xia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否變脆、易開(kai)裂或易拉斷等(deng)。 另外(wai)電(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)勝能(neng)很(hen)重(zhong)要(yao)，考查(cha)該項性(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)為(wei)不延(yan)燃(ran)試(shi)驗(yan)，即對按標準安裝的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)品電(dian)纜用專門的(de)(de)(de)火(huo)焰(yan)點燃(ran)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間，待(dai)其(qi)火(huo)焰(yan)自(zi)行熄滅后(hou)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)線(xian)纜被燒(shao)的(de)(de)(de)情況，當然被燒(shao)掉的(de)(de)(de)部分越(yue)少越(yue)好(hao)，說明其(qi)燃(ran)燒(shao)性(xing)(xing)差，阻(zu)(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)好(hao)，越(yue)安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)要(yao)求電(dian)纜包裝上應(ying)(ying)附有表(biao)(biao)示產品(pin)(pin)型號、規格、標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)號、廠(chang)名(ming)和產地的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)簽或標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，規格包括額(e)定電(dian)壓、芯數(shu)和導體(ti)標(biao)(biao)稱截面等；電(dian)纜表(biao)(biao)面應(ying)(ying)印有制造(zao)廠(chang)名(ming)、產品(pin)(pin)型號和額(e)定電(dian)壓的(de)(de)連續(xu)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)間距要(yao)求≤200mm(絕緣表(biao)(biao)面)或≤500mm (護(hu)套表(biao)(biao)面)，標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)內容應(ying)(ying)齊全、清晰、耐擦，這個要(yao)求是方(fang)便使用者了解電(dian)纜的(de)(de)型號規格及電(dian)壓等級，以防敷(fu)設錯(cuo)誤。

另外，電(dian)線(xian)(xian)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)應優先選用標(biao)準推薦(jian)的(de)(de)顏色(se)，特別要(yao)提的(de)(de)是黃(huang)(huang)/綠雙(shuang)色(se)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)，這(zhe)(zhe)種線(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)用在電(dian)器產品的(de)(de)電(dian)源線(xian)(xian)中(zhong)，這(zhe)(zhe)條特殊雙(shuang)色(se)線(xian)(xian)專用于接地，對于黃(huang)(huang)/綠搭(da)(da)配(pei)標(biao)準也有以(yi)下規定：即(ji)對每一(yi)(yi)段長巧~的(de)(de)雙(shuang)色(se)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)，其中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)種顏色(se)應至少覆蓋絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)表面的(de)(de)30%，且(qie)不大于70%，而另一(yi)(yi)種顏色(se)則覆蓋絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)其余部(bu)分，即(ji)黃(huang)(huang)/綠雙(shuang)色(se)應基(ji)本均衡搭(da)(da)配(pei)。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包(bao)括絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護套的(de)厚(hou)度、最薄(bo)厚(hou)度、外(wai)形尺寸(cun)等(deng)。絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護套的(de)厚(hou)度大小對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)電纜能夠(gou)耐受多大強度的(de)電壓(ya)，以及(ji)其機械性能好壞都有(you)很重要(yao)的(de)作用，所以對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同規格的(de)電纜，標準(zhun)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)厚(hou)度都有(you)嚴(yan)格規定，要(yao)求不(bu)(bu)(bu)得低于(yu)國家標準(zhun)的(de)規定值。電纜絕(jue)緣(yuan)厚(hou)度太薄(bo)會嚴(yan)重影(ying)響電纜的(de)使用安(an)全，會帶來電纜擊(ji)穿、導體裸(luo)露引起(qi)漏電等(deng)安(an)全隱患，當然也不(bu)(bu)(bu)是越厚(hou)越好，應不(bu)(bu)(bu)影(ying)響安(an)裝，故標準(zhun)又設了一個外(wai)形尺寸(cun)要(yao)求對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此進行(xing)限(xian)制(zhi)。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證(zheng)強制性(xing)認證(zheng)，是進入國內市(shi)場的(de)通行證(zheng)。

2.CB認證(zheng)有(you)利于產品(pin)(pin)(pin)出口(kou)用(yong)于家庭、辦公室、車間和類似(si)場所的(de)直接涉及人身(shen)安全的(de)電工產品(pin)(pin)(pin)，這類產品(pin)(pin)(pin)在一部分國(guo)家中實行強制性(xing)(xing)認證(zheng)，即(ji)取得該(gai)國(guo)的(de)認證(zheng)合(he)格證(zheng)書后，才允許(xu)出口(kou)到該(gai)國(guo)，并在該(gai)國(guo)市場上銷售。即(ji)使在未實行強制性(xing)(xing)認證(zheng)的(de)國(guo)家中，消費者為了自身(shen)的(de)安全，都愿意購買經過認證(zheng)而帶有(you)認證(zheng)標志的(de)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)。

3.CE認證

是產品(pin)進入(ru)歐盟及歐洲(zhou)貿易自由(you)區國家市(shi)場的通(tong)行證。獲得認證并貼有CE標志的產品(pin)將降低在歐洲(zhou)市(shi)場上銷售的風險(xian)：

1）被海關扣留(liu)和查處的(de)風險;

2）被(bei)市場(chang)監(jian)督(du)機構查處的風險;

3）同行出(chu)于競爭目的(de)的(de)指控風險(xian)。