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1.電性能檢測

主要有導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)及絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)，每項(xiang)都很重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要，導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)直(zhi)接(jie)反(fan)映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性能，直(zhi)接(jie)影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中的(de)溫度、壽(shou)命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降、以及運行安(an)全，它主要考查(cha)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)材(cai)質和截(jie)面積，若導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)材(cai)質不(bu)(bu)好或截(jie)面積嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)足，就會造(zao)成導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)超(chao)標，這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)鋪設(she)在(zai)線(xian)路中就會增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)線(xian)路上通過時的(de)損耗，引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)本身(shen)發熱(re)，引(yin)起包覆導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)老化開裂，造(zao)成供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路，甚至造(zao)成火災(zai)，危及人身(shen)、財產(chan)的(de)安(an)全。標準對不(bu)(bu)同規格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)均(jun)有嚴(yan)格的(de)規定，不(bu)(bu)得大(da)于標準規定的(de)值(zhi)。

絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻、成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗及絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗，均考查(cha)的(de)是電(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)緣(yuan)層和護(hu)套層的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)性(xing)能，絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻是檢測兩個導體(ti)之間絕(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻，它應足夠(gou)大(da)以起到(dao)絕(jue)緣(yuan)保護(hu)作用。成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗及絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗不光要(yao)(yao)求電(dian)(dian)纜有足夠(gou)的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)能力，還要(yao)(yao)求絕(jue)緣(yuan)或護(hu)套材(cai)料均勻無雜質、厚度足夠(gou)均勻，表面不能有看不見的(de)沙眼、針孔等，否則(ze)就(jiu)會造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)耐(nai)壓(ya)試(shi)驗時(shi)局部擊穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)考(kao)查絕(jue)緣和護(hu)(hu)套(tao)塑料(liao)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)抗張強(qiang)度(du)、斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)伸(shen)(shen)長(chang)率，包括(kuo)老(lao)(lao)化前(qian)(qian)后，還有對于成(cheng)品軟電纜(lan)進行的(de)曲撓試(shi)驗、彎曲試(shi)驗、荷重(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)芯試(shi)驗、絕(jue)緣線芯撕裂(lie)試(shi)驗、靜態曲撓試(shi)驗等。老(lao)(lao)化前(qian)(qian)、后抗張強(qiang)度(du)、老(lao)(lao)化前(qian)(qian)后斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)伸(shen)(shen)長(chang)率是(shi)電纜(lan)絕(jue)緣和護(hu)(hu)套(tao)材(cai)料(liao)最重(zhong)要(yao)最基本(ben)的(de)指標，要(yao)求用作電纜(lan)絕(jue)緣和護(hu)(hu)套(tao)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)，既(ji)要(yao)有足(zu)夠的(de)拉伸(shen)(shen)強(qiang)度(du)不容易拉斷(duan)(duan)，又要(yao)有一定(ding)的(de)柔韌性。

老化是指在高溫條(tiao)件下，絕緣(yuan)(yuan)和(he)護(hu)套(tao)(tao)材料(liao)保持(chi)其原有性(xing)能(neng)的能(neng)力，老化不(bu)應嚴重影響材料(liao)的抗張強度和(he)伸長率(lv)，這些都(dou)將直接影響電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命，若抗張強度和(he)斷(duan)裂伸長率(lv)不(bu)合(he)格，進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的施工安裝(zhuang)時就(jiu)極易出現護(hu)套(tao)(tao)或絕緣(yuan)(yuan)體斷(duan)裂，或在光、熱(re)環(huan)境(jing)下使用(yong)(yong)的電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)其護(hu)套(tao)(tao)和(he)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)容易變脆，斷(duan)裂，致使帶電(dian)(dian)導體裸露(lu)，發生觸電(dian)(dian)危險。

另(ling)外軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)由于不是(shi)(shi)(shi)固定敷設，使用中存在(zai)反復拖拉(la)、彎曲等(deng)情況，所以對(dui)于軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)標準又另(ling)外規定了在(zai)其成(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)上加做動態(tai)曲撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)、彎曲試(shi)驗(yan)、荷重斷芯試(shi)驗(yan)、絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯撕裂試(shi)驗(yan)、靜態(tai)曲撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)等(deng)，以保證這種線(xian)(xian)纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)實(shi)際使用中滿足要求(qiu)。如動態(tai)曲撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)主(zhu)要考核軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)受到外界(jie)的機械拉(la)伸和彎曲等(deng)應力時，軟(ruan)導體(ti)的絞(jiao)合線(xian)(xian)絲是(shi)(shi)(shi)否斷裂而降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)的傳輸性(xing)能(neng)，或者刺破(po)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)而降(jiang)低絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能(neng);絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)受到應力作用是(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否變形或開裂而影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)能(neng)的一種試(shi)驗(yan)方(fang)法。

3.絕緣和護套材料性能試驗

包(bao)括(kuo)熱失(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)、熱沖(chong)擊(ji)、高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)彎曲、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)拉(la)伸、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)沖(chong)擊(ji)、阻(zu)燃性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)等(deng)。這些(xie)都(dou)是考(kao)(kao)查絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)和護套的(de)(de)塑料材(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)好壞，如(ru)熱失(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)是檢(jian)測經過(guo)7天(tian)80℃的(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)老化后(hou)材(cai)(cai)料降(jiang)解、揮發的(de)(de)程度(du);熱沖(chong)擊(ji)檢(jian)測在(zai)150℃高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后(hou)經特殊卷(juan)繞的(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)表面是否(fou)有開裂;高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力檢(jian)測絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)(cai)料在(zai)經過(guo)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)再冷卻(que)后(hou)其彈性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)保持程度(du);所有的(de)(de)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)驗(yan)一(yi)般(ban)指在(zai)-15℃條件下(xia)其機械性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)變化，都(dou)是檢(jian)測線纜(lan)材(cai)(cai)料在(zai)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)環境下(xia)是否(fou)變脆(cui)、易開裂或易拉(la)斷等(deng)。 另外電纜(lan)的(de)(de)阻(zu)燃性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)勝能(neng)(neng)(neng)很重(zhong)(zhong)要，考(kao)(kao)查該項性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)為不延(yan)燃試(shi)驗(yan)，即對按標準安(an)裝的(de)(de)成(cheng)品電纜(lan)用專門的(de)(de)火(huo)焰(yan)點(dian)燃一(yi)定的(de)(de)時間，待(dai)其火(huo)焰(yan)自行熄滅后(hou)檢(jian)查線纜(lan)被(bei)燒的(de)(de)情況(kuang)，當然(ran)被(bei)燒掉的(de)(de)部分越少越好，說明其燃燒性(xing)(xing)差，阻(zu)燃性(xing)(xing)好，越安(an)全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)準要(yao)(yao)求電(dian)纜(lan)包裝上應(ying)附(fu)有(you)表(biao)(biao)示產(chan)品(pin)型(xing)(xing)號(hao)、規(gui)格、標(biao)準號(hao)、廠名(ming)和(he)產(chan)地(di)的(de)標(biao)簽(qian)或(huo)標(biao)志(zhi)，規(gui)格包括額(e)定電(dian)壓(ya)、芯(xin)數和(he)導體(ti)標(biao)稱截面(mian)(mian)等；電(dian)纜(lan)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)應(ying)印有(you)制造廠名(ming)、產(chan)品(pin)型(xing)(xing)號(hao)和(he)額(e)定電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)連續標(biao)志(zhi)，標(biao)志(zhi)間距要(yao)(yao)求≤200mm(絕緣表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian))或(huo)≤500mm (護(hu)套(tao)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian))，標(biao)志(zhi)內容應(ying)齊(qi)全、清晰、耐擦(ca)，這個要(yao)(yao)求是(shi)方便使用者了解電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)型(xing)(xing)號(hao)規(gui)格及電(dian)壓(ya)等級，以防(fang)敷設錯誤。

另外，電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)絕緣線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)應優(you)先選用(yong)標準推(tui)薦的(de)顏(yan)(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)，特別要提的(de)是黃/綠雙色(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)，這種(zhong)線(xian)(xian)一(yi)般用(yong)在電(dian)(dian)器產品的(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)線(xian)(xian)中，這條特殊雙色(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)專用(yong)于(yu)接地，對于(yu)黃/綠搭配標準也有以(yi)下(xia)規定：即對每一(yi)段長(chang)巧~的(de)雙色(se)(se)絕緣線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)，其中一(yi)種(zhong)顏(yan)(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)應至少覆(fu)蓋(gai)絕緣線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)表面的(de)30%，且不大于(yu)70%，而另一(yi)種(zhong)顏(yan)(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)則覆(fu)蓋(gai)絕緣線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)其余部(bu)分，即黃/綠雙色(se)(se)應基(ji)本(ben)均衡搭配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕緣和(he)護(hu)套的(de)(de)厚(hou)度、最薄厚(hou)度、外(wai)形(xing)尺(chi)寸等。絕緣和(he)護(hu)套的(de)(de)厚(hou)度大小(xiao)對(dui)于電(dian)纜(lan)能(neng)夠(gou)耐受(shou)多大強度的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，以及其機械(xie)性能(neng)好(hao)壞都有很重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，所以對(dui)于不(bu)(bu)同規(gui)格的(de)(de)電(dian)纜(lan)，標準(zhun)對(dui)厚(hou)度都有嚴格規(gui)定，要(yao)(yao)求不(bu)(bu)得低(di)于國家標準(zhun)的(de)(de)規(gui)定值。電(dian)纜(lan)絕緣厚(hou)度太薄會嚴重影(ying)響電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)安(an)全(quan)，會帶(dai)來電(dian)纜(lan)擊(ji)穿、導體(ti)裸露引起漏電(dian)等安(an)全(quan)隱患，當(dang)然(ran)也不(bu)(bu)是越厚(hou)越好(hao)，應不(bu)(bu)影(ying)響安(an)裝，故標準(zhun)又設(she)了一個外(wai)形(xing)尺(chi)寸要(yao)(yao)求對(dui)此進行限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認(ren)證強制性認(ren)證，是進入(ru)國內市場的通行證。

2.CB認(ren)(ren)(ren)證有利于(yu)產(chan)品(pin)出口用(yong)于(yu)家庭(ting)、辦(ban)公(gong)室、車(che)間和類似場(chang)所的(de)(de)直(zhi)接涉(she)及人(ren)身安全(quan)的(de)(de)電工產(chan)品(pin)，這類產(chan)品(pin)在(zai)一(yi)部分國(guo)家中(zhong)實行(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證，即取得該(gai)國(guo)的(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證合格證書后，才允許(xu)出口到該(gai)國(guo)，并在(zai)該(gai)國(guo)市場(chang)上銷(xiao)售。即使在(zai)未(wei)實行(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證的(de)(de)國(guo)家中(zhong)，消費者為了(le)自身的(de)(de)安全(quan)，都愿意購(gou)買經(jing)過認(ren)(ren)(ren)證而(er)帶有認(ren)(ren)(ren)證標(biao)志的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)。

3.CE認證

是產(chan)品(pin)進入歐盟(meng)及歐洲(zhou)貿易自由區(qu)國家市(shi)場的(de)通行證。獲得認證并貼有CE標志的(de)產(chan)品(pin)將降低在歐洲(zhou)市(shi)場上(shang)銷售的(de)風險：

1）被(bei)海關扣(kou)留(liu)和查處的風險;

2）被(bei)市場監督機構(gou)查處的風險(xian);

3）同行出于(yu)競爭目(mu)的的指控(kong)風險。