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長嶺礦物絕緣電纜

來源：常(chang)見(jian)問題 閱讀：153421 發布時間：2020-02-10

礦物絕緣電纜
礦物絕緣電纜，是一種以銅護套包裹銅導體芯線，并以氧化鎂粉末為無機絕緣材料隔離導體與護套的電纜，最外層可按需選擇適當保護套。通稱MICC或MI電纜。有一種類似的電纜以金屬代替銅護套包裹芯線和絕緣材料，稱為礦物絕緣金屬護套電纜。
按結構可以分為剛性和柔性兩種。按照標準可以分成國標纜（剛性）和企標纜（柔性）。只有剛性礦物電纜有國家舊標準，顧名思義極難彎曲，運輸安裝有極大局限性，柔性礦物電纜有各家企業自己制定的標準，各廠家標準高低不一，質量參差不齊。
國標纜的型號只有六種：輕載500V的BTTQ、BTTVQ、WD-BTTYQ，和重載750V的BTTZ、BTTVZ、WD-BTTYZ。
除了國標纜（剛性）之外，所有其他柔性礦物質電纜都是企標。
相對而言，國標纜工藝高，施工復雜嚴謹，因為本身金屬護套極難彎曲，安裝時難度是最高的，而且需要昂貴的專用配件，防火性能也是最高的BS6387；而柔性纜安裝與普通電纜相似，施工門檻低，但防火性能一樣達到BS6387，應用當中主要根據建筑防火等級和重要程度選擇相匹配產品。
剛性礦物電纜受工藝限制無法較長生產，安裝使用專用附件，且彎曲半徑安裝時使用專用工具烤槍、彎曲轉輪等能達到（6D）。柔性礦物電纜可連續生產，不同的金屬護套結構又擁有不同的彎曲性能，國內工藝主要有銅管（剛性）、鋁管、橫焊波紋銅管、聯鎖鎧裝金屬護套，允許彎曲半徑依次遞減，最小只到7D（D為電纜外徑，普通電纜彎曲半徑約為10D），設計施工方面應考慮實際場地、電纜橋架限制，選用合適的產品。一般來說，允許彎曲半徑越小，安裝難度就越小。
剛性礦物電纜本身比較硬，同樣抗撞擊能力也是非常強的。柔性礦物電纜柔韌性比較強，抗撞擊能力要看相應電纜具體的結構組成。但除了聯鎖鎧裝型之外的所有礦物電纜都很難穿彎曲的管道敷設，尤其是大規格電纜。
優點
由于這種電纜的全部材料都是采用無機材料，所以它就具有一些其他電纜所不可能具有的優點。
1、耐火： 在礦物絕緣電纜中應用的二種材料銅和礦物質絕緣是無機物。此種電纜不會燃燒，也不會助燃，在接近火焰的條件下仍可繼續操作。銅護套在1083℃下熔融。
2、操作溫度高：礦物絕緣電纜可耐連續操作溫度高達250℃。并且，在緊急情況下，電纜可在接近銅護套熔點的溫度下，在短時間內繼續操作。
3、壽命長：在礦物絕緣電纜中應用的無機材料，可保證電纜具有穩定性、壽命長和耐火性。
4、防爆性：礦物絕緣電纜中高度壓實的絕緣材料，可阻止蒸汽、氣體和火焰在與電纜連接的設備零件之間通過。
5、外徑小：礦物絕緣電纜的直徑比其他額定電流相同的電纜要小。
6、防水：如果將礦物絕緣電纜完全浸在水中，借助其無縫金屬護套，礦物絕緣電纜可繼續操作。
7、機械強度高：礦物絕緣電纜堅固耐用，可經受劇烈的機械破壞，而不會損害其電性能。
8、載流量大：對同相同截面的電纜而言，礦物絕緣電纜比其他類型的電纜傳輸較高的電流。同時，礦物絕緣電纜還可耐受相當的過載。
9、短路故障額定值：在相同溫度下，礦物絕緣電纜的短路故障額定值明顯地比其他類型的電纜要高。
10、接地：對于礦物絕緣電纜來說，獨立的接地導線是不需要的，因為此電纜所用的銅護套已起到接地導線的作用，可提供好的低接地電阻。就接地護皮回路（ESR）布線而言，在MEN（多接地中性）系統中，外層銅護套可用作接地和中性導體。
11、耐腐蝕性高：礦物絕緣電纜的銅護套具有高耐腐蝕性，對于大多數的裝置來說，它不需要采取附加的防護措施。在電纜的銅護套易遭受化學品腐蝕或工業染污嚴重的地方，應使用包有塑料外護套保護礦物絕緣電纜。


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