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1.電性能檢測

主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗及絕緣線(xian)芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗，每項都很重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)，導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻直接(jie)(jie)反映(ying)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性能，直接(jie)(jie)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)在(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中(zhong)的(de)(de)溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降、以及運行安全(quan)，它主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)考(kao)查導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)材質和(he)截面(mian)積(ji)，若導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)材質不好(hao)或截面(mian)積(ji)嚴(yan)重(zhong)不足，就會造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻嚴(yan)重(zhong)超標，這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)鋪設(she)在(zai)線(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)就會增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)線(xian)路(lu)上通過時(shi)的(de)(de)損耗(hao)，引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)本身發(fa)熱，引(yin)起包覆(fu)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)絕緣老化開裂，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短(duan)路(lu)，甚(shen)至造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)火災，危及人身、財產的(de)(de)安全(quan)。標準(zhun)對不同(tong)規(gui)(gui)格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)均有(you)嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)，不得大于標準(zhun)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)值(zhi)。

絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成(cheng)(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)，均(jun)考查(cha)的是電(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)層和護(hu)套層的電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)性能(neng)，絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是檢測兩個導體(ti)之間絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材料的電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，它應(ying)足(zu)夠(gou)大以(yi)起到絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)保護(hu)作用。成(cheng)(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)不光要(yao)求電(dian)(dian)纜有(you)足(zu)夠(gou)的絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)能(neng)力，還要(yao)求絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)或護(hu)套材料均(jun)勻(yun)無雜(za)質、厚度足(zu)夠(gou)均(jun)勻(yun)，表(biao)面不能(neng)有(you)看(kan)不見的沙眼(yan)、針孔等，否則就會造成(cheng)(cheng)耐(nai)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時局部(bu)擊(ji)穿(chuan)。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)考查絕緣和護套塑料(liao)材料(liao)的(de)抗(kang)張(zhang)強(qiang)度、斷(duan)裂伸(shen)長(chang)率(lv)，包括老(lao)(lao)化(hua)前(qian)后(hou)，還有對(dui)于成品軟電纜(lan)進行的(de)曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、彎曲(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、荷重斷(duan)芯試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、絕緣線芯撕裂試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、靜態曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)等。老(lao)(lao)化(hua)前(qian)、后(hou)抗(kang)張(zhang)強(qiang)度、老(lao)(lao)化(hua)前(qian)后(hou)斷(duan)裂伸(shen)長(chang)率(lv)是(shi)電纜(lan)絕緣和護套材料(liao)最重要(yao)(yao)(yao)最基本的(de)指標(biao)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)用作電纜(lan)絕緣和護套的(de)材料(liao)，既要(yao)(yao)(yao)有足夠的(de)拉伸(shen)強(qiang)度不容易拉斷(duan)，又(you)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有一定的(de)柔韌性。

老(lao)(lao)化是指在高(gao)溫條件(jian)下，絕(jue)緣和(he)護套(tao)材料保持其原(yuan)有性能(neng)的能(neng)力，老(lao)(lao)化不應嚴重影響材料的抗(kang)張強度和(he)伸長(chang)(chang)率，這些都將直接影響電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的使(shi)用(yong)壽命，若(ruo)抗(kang)張強度和(he)斷裂伸長(chang)(chang)率不合(he)格，進行電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的施(shi)工安裝時(shi)就(jiu)極易(yi)出現護套(tao)或(huo)絕(jue)緣體斷裂，或(huo)在光、熱(re)環境下使(shi)用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)其護套(tao)和(he)絕(jue)緣容易(yi)變(bian)脆，斷裂，致(zhi)使(shi)帶電(dian)(dian)導體裸露，發生觸電(dian)(dian)危險。

另外(wai)軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜由于不是(shi)(shi)固定敷設，使用(yong)中(zhong)存在(zai)反復(fu)拖拉(la)、彎曲等情況，所以(yi)對于軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜標準又另外(wai)規(gui)定了在(zai)其成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜上加做動態曲撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)驗、彎曲試(shi)驗、荷重斷芯(xin)試(shi)驗、絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)撕(si)裂(lie)試(shi)驗、靜態曲撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)驗等，以(yi)保證這種(zhong)線(xian)纜在(zai)實際使用(yong)中(zhong)滿足要求。如(ru)動態曲撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)驗主(zhu)要考核(he)軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜在(zai)受到(dao)外(wai)界(jie)的(de)(de)機(ji)械拉(la)伸和彎曲等應力時，軟(ruan)導體的(de)(de)絞(jiao)合線(xian)絲(si)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)斷裂(lie)而降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)傳輸性能，或者刺(ci)破絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)而降低絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性能;絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)受到(dao)應力作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)變(bian)形或開裂(lie)而影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性能的(de)(de)一種(zhong)試(shi)驗方法。

3.絕緣和護套材料性能試(shi)驗(yan)

包括熱(re)失(shi)重、熱(re)沖(chong)擊(ji)、高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)壓力、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)彎曲、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)拉(la)伸、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)沖(chong)擊(ji)、阻(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)能等(deng)等(deng)。這些都是(shi)(shi)考查(cha)絕緣(yuan)和(he)護套的(de)塑(su)料(liao)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)性(xing)能好壞，如熱(re)失(shi)重試(shi)(shi)驗是(shi)(shi)檢(jian)測經過7天80℃的(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)老(lao)化后材(cai)料(liao)降(jiang)解、揮(hui)發的(de)程度;熱(re)沖(chong)擊(ji)檢(jian)測在150℃高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)1h后經特殊卷繞(rao)的(de)絕緣(yuan)表(biao)面是(shi)(shi)否有開(kai)裂;高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)壓力檢(jian)測絕緣(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)在經過高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)再(zai)冷卻后其彈(dan)性(xing)的(de)保持程度;所有的(de)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)驗一般(ban)指在-15℃條件下(xia)其機械性(xing)能的(de)變化，都是(shi)(shi)檢(jian)測線(xian)纜材(cai)料(liao)在低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)環(huan)境下(xia)是(shi)(shi)否變脆、易(yi)開(kai)裂或易(yi)拉(la)斷等(deng)。 另外電(dian)纜的(de)阻(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)能勝能很重要，考查(cha)該項性(xing)能的(de)試(shi)(shi)驗為不(bu)延燃(ran)試(shi)(shi)驗，即對(dui)按標準安裝的(de)成品電(dian)纜用(yong)專(zhuan)門的(de)火焰(yan)點燃(ran)一定的(de)時(shi)間，待其火焰(yan)自行(xing)熄滅后檢(jian)查(cha)線(xian)纜被(bei)燒的(de)情況(kuang)，當然(ran)被(bei)燒掉的(de)部分(fen)越(yue)少越(yue)好，說明(ming)其燃(ran)燒性(xing)差，阻(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)好，越(yue)安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)(biao)準要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)包(bao)裝(zhuang)上應(ying)附有(you)表示產品(pin)型(xing)(xing)號、規(gui)格(ge)、標(biao)(biao)準號、廠(chang)名和(he)(he)產地的標(biao)(biao)簽或(huo)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，規(gui)格(ge)包(bao)括額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、芯數和(he)(he)導體標(biao)(biao)稱截面(mian)等；電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)表面(mian)應(ying)印有(you)制造廠(chang)名、產品(pin)型(xing)(xing)號和(he)(he)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的連(lian)續標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)距要(yao)求(qiu)≤200mm(絕緣表面(mian))或(huo)≤500mm (護套表面(mian))，標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)內容應(ying)齊全、清晰、耐擦，這個要(yao)求(qiu)是方便使用者了(le)解電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的型(xing)(xing)號規(gui)格(ge)及電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級，以防(fang)敷設錯誤。

另外(wai)，電(dian)線(xian)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)芯應優(you)先選用標準(zhun)推薦(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)顏色(se)，特別要(yao)提的(de)(de)(de)(de)是黃(huang)(huang)/綠雙色(se)線(xian)芯，這種(zhong)線(xian)一(yi)般用在(zai)電(dian)器產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)源線(xian)中，這條特殊雙色(se)線(xian)專用于接(jie)地(di)，對(dui)(dui)于黃(huang)(huang)/綠搭配標準(zhun)也有(you)以下規定：即對(dui)(dui)每一(yi)段長巧~的(de)(de)(de)(de)雙色(se)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)芯，其中一(yi)種(zhong)顏色(se)應至少覆蓋(gai)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)芯表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)30%，且(qie)不大于70%，而另一(yi)種(zhong)顏色(se)則覆蓋(gai)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)芯的(de)(de)(de)(de)其余部分，即黃(huang)(huang)/綠雙色(se)應基(ji)本均(jun)衡搭配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護(hu)套的(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)、最薄厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)、外形尺(chi)寸等(deng)(deng)。絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護(hu)套的(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)大小對(dui)于電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)能夠(gou)耐受(shou)多大強度(du)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，以(yi)及其(qi)機械(xie)性(xing)能好壞都有很重要(yao)的(de)(de)作用，所以(yi)對(dui)于不同規(gui)格的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，標(biao)準(zhun)對(dui)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)都有嚴格規(gui)定(ding)，要(yao)求(qiu)不得低于國家標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)值。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)太(tai)薄會嚴重影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)使用安全，會帶(dai)來(lai)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)擊穿、導體裸露引起漏電(dian)(dian)等(deng)(deng)安全隱(yin)患，當然也(ye)不是越厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)越好，應(ying)不影(ying)響安裝，故標(biao)準(zhun)又設了一(yi)個(ge)外形尺(chi)寸要(yao)求(qiu)對(dui)此進(jin)行限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證(zheng)強(qiang)制性認證(zheng)，是進入國內市場(chang)的通行證(zheng)。

2.CB認證有利于產(chan)品出(chu)口用于家庭、辦公室、車間和類(lei)似場所的直接涉及人身安(an)全(quan)的電工(gong)產(chan)品，這類(lei)產(chan)品在一部分國(guo)家中實(shi)行(xing)強(qiang)制(zhi)性認證，即取得該(gai)國(guo)的認證合格證書后，才允(yun)許(xu)出(chu)口到該(gai)國(guo)，并在該(gai)國(guo)市場上銷售。即使在未實(shi)行(xing)強(qiang)制(zhi)性認證的國(guo)家中，消費(fei)者(zhe)為了自身的安(an)全(quan)，都愿意購買經(jing)過認證而帶有認證標志的產(chan)品。

3.CE認證

是產(chan)品(pin)進入歐(ou)盟(meng)及歐(ou)洲貿(mao)易自由區國家市(shi)場的通行證(zheng)。獲得認(ren)證(zheng)并貼有(you)CE標(biao)志的產(chan)品(pin)將降低(di)在歐(ou)洲市(shi)場上銷售的風險：

1）被海關(guan)扣留和查(cha)處的(de)風險(xian);

2）被市(shi)場監督機(ji)構查處(chu)的風險;

3）同行出于(yu)競爭目的的指控(kong)風險(xian)。