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1.電性能檢測

主要(yao)有導(dao)(dao)(dao)體直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗及絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗，每(mei)項都很重(zhong)要(yao)，導(dao)(dao)(dao)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻直接反映(ying)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性能，直接影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜在(zai)(zai)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)行(xing)中的(de)(de)溫度(du)、壽(shou)命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降、以及運(yun)行(xing)安全(quan)，它主要(yao)考(kao)查導(dao)(dao)(dao)體的(de)(de)材(cai)質和截面積，若導(dao)(dao)(dao)體的(de)(de)材(cai)質不(bu)好或截面積嚴重(zhong)不(bu)足，就會造成導(dao)(dao)(dao)體直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻嚴重(zhong)超標(biao)(biao)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜鋪設在(zai)(zai)線路(lu)中就會增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在(zai)(zai)線路(lu)上(shang)通(tong)(tong)過時的(de)(de)損耗，引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜導(dao)(dao)(dao)體本身(shen)(shen)發熱(re)，引(yin)起包覆(fu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體的(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)老化(hua)開裂，造成供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短(duan)路(lu)，甚至造成火災，危及人(ren)身(shen)(shen)、財(cai)產的(de)(de)安全(quan)。標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)對不(bu)同(tong)規(gui)格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值均有嚴格的(de)(de)規(gui)定，不(bu)得大(da)于標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)定的(de)(de)值。

絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)(xin)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)，均(jun)考查的(de)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)和護(hu)套(tao)層(ceng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性能(neng)，絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻是檢測兩個導體(ti)之間絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材料的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，它應足(zu)夠(gou)大(da)以起到絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)作用。成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)(xin)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)不光要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)有(you)足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)力，還(huan)要求絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或護(hu)套(tao)材料均(jun)勻無雜質、厚度足(zu)夠(gou)均(jun)勻，表(biao)面不能(neng)有(you)看不見(jian)的(de)沙眼、針孔等(deng)，否(fou)則(ze)就(jiu)會造成耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)時局部擊穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)是考查絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和護(hu)套塑料(liao)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)抗(kang)張強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)、斷(duan)裂伸長率，包括老(lao)化前(qian)后，還有對于成品軟電(dian)(dian)纜進行的(de)曲撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、彎曲試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、荷重(zhong)斷(duan)芯試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯撕裂試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、靜態曲撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)。老(lao)化前(qian)、后抗(kang)張強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)、老(lao)化前(qian)后斷(duan)裂伸長率是電(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和護(hu)套材(cai)料(liao)最重(zhong)要(yao)最基本(ben)的(de)指標，要(yao)求用作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和護(hu)套的(de)材(cai)料(liao)，既要(yao)有足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)拉(la)伸強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)不容(rong)易拉(la)斷(duan)，又要(yao)有一定的(de)柔(rou)韌性。

老化是指(zhi)在高溫條(tiao)件下(xia)(xia)，絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護套材(cai)料保持其原有性能(neng)的(de)能(neng)力(li)，老化不應嚴重影(ying)響材(cai)料的(de)抗(kang)(kang)張強度(du)(du)和伸長(chang)(chang)率，這些都(dou)將直接(jie)影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命，若抗(kang)(kang)張強度(du)(du)和斷裂(lie)伸長(chang)(chang)率不合格(ge)，進(jin)行電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)施工(gong)安裝時(shi)就極易出現護套或絕(jue)緣(yuan)體斷裂(lie)，或在光、熱(re)環境下(xia)(xia)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)纜其護套和絕(jue)緣(yuan)容易變脆，斷裂(lie)，致使(shi)帶電(dian)(dian)導(dao)體裸(luo)露，發生觸電(dian)(dian)危險。

另(ling)外軟(ruan)電纜由于不(bu)是(shi)固定敷(fu)設，使(shi)用中存在(zai)反復拖(tuo)拉、彎曲等情況，所以對于軟(ruan)電纜標準又(you)另(ling)外規(gui)定了在(zai)其成品電纜上加做動態曲撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、彎曲試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、荷重斷芯試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、絕(jue)(jue)緣線芯撕裂試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、靜態曲撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)等，以保證這種(zhong)線纜在(zai)實際使(shi)用中滿足要求(qiu)。如(ru)動態曲撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)主(zhu)要考核軟(ruan)電纜在(zai)受到(dao)外界的機械拉伸和(he)彎曲等應力時，軟(ruan)導體的絞合(he)線絲是(shi)否斷裂而降低電的傳輸(shu)性能(neng)，或(huo)者刺(ci)破絕(jue)(jue)緣而降低絕(jue)(jue)緣電氣性能(neng);絕(jue)(jue)緣在(zai)受到(dao)應力作用是(shi)是(shi)否變形或(huo)開裂而影響電纜的電氣絕(jue)(jue)緣性能(neng)的一種(zhong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)方法。

3.絕緣和護(hu)套材料性能試驗

包括熱(re)失(shi)重、熱(re)沖擊、高溫(wen)(wen)壓力(li)、低溫(wen)(wen)彎曲、低溫(wen)(wen)拉伸、低溫(wen)(wen)沖擊、阻(zu)燃性(xing)能(neng)等等。這些都是(shi)考查絕緣和護套的(de)(de)(de)(de)塑料材(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)好(hao)(hao)壞，如(ru)熱(re)失(shi)重試(shi)驗(yan)是(shi)檢(jian)測經過(guo)7天(tian)80℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)(wen)老化后材(cai)(cai)(cai)料降解、揮發的(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)度(du);熱(re)沖擊檢(jian)測在150℃高溫(wen)(wen)1h后經特殊卷繞(rao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣表面(mian)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)有開裂;高溫(wen)(wen)壓力(li)檢(jian)測絕緣材(cai)(cai)(cai)料在經過(guo)高溫(wen)(wen)再冷卻(que)后其(qi)(qi)(qi)彈性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)持程(cheng)度(du);所(suo)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)低溫(wen)(wen)試(shi)驗(yan)一般指在-15℃條件(jian)下其(qi)(qi)(qi)機械(xie)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化，都是(shi)檢(jian)測線纜(lan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料在低溫(wen)(wen)環(huan)境下是(shi)否(fou)(fou)變脆、易開裂或易拉斷(duan)等。 另外電纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)燃性(xing)能(neng)勝能(neng)很重要，考查該項性(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)為不延燃試(shi)驗(yan)，即對(dui)按標(biao)準安裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)品電纜(lan)用專門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)火焰(yan)點燃一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間，待其(qi)(qi)(qi)火焰(yan)自行(xing)熄滅(mie)后檢(jian)查線纜(lan)被燒(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，當然被燒(shao)掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分越(yue)(yue)少(shao)越(yue)(yue)好(hao)(hao)，說(shuo)明其(qi)(qi)(qi)燃燒(shao)性(xing)差，阻(zu)燃性(xing)好(hao)(hao)，越(yue)(yue)安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)(biao)(biao)準要求電纜(lan)包(bao)裝上應(ying)附有表(biao)示產(chan)品型號(hao)、規格(ge)(ge)、標(biao)(biao)(biao)準號(hao)、廠名和產(chan)地的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)簽或標(biao)(biao)(biao)志，規格(ge)(ge)包(bao)括額定電壓、芯數和導(dao)體標(biao)(biao)(biao)稱截面(mian)(mian)等；電纜(lan)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)應(ying)印有制造(zao)廠名、產(chan)品型號(hao)和額定電壓的(de)連續(xu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志，標(biao)(biao)(biao)志間距要求≤200mm(絕緣表(biao)面(mian)(mian))或≤500mm (護套表(biao)面(mian)(mian))，標(biao)(biao)(biao)志內容應(ying)齊全、清晰、耐擦，這(zhe)個要求是方便使用(yong)者了解電纜(lan)的(de)型號(hao)規格(ge)(ge)及(ji)電壓等級，以(yi)防(fang)敷設錯(cuo)誤。

另外(wai)，電線(xian)(xian)(xian)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)應(ying)(ying)優先選用標準推薦(jian)的(de)(de)顏色(se)(se)，特別要(yao)提(ti)的(de)(de)是黃/綠(lv)(lv)雙(shuang)色(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)，這種(zhong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)般用在電器產品的(de)(de)電源線(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)，這條特殊(shu)雙(shuang)色(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)專用于(yu)接地，對于(yu)黃/綠(lv)(lv)搭(da)配(pei)標準也有以下規定：即對每一(yi)段長巧~的(de)(de)雙(shuang)色(se)(se)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)，其中(zhong)一(yi)種(zhong)顏色(se)(se)應(ying)(ying)至少覆蓋絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)表面(mian)的(de)(de)30%，且不(bu)大于(yu)70%，而(er)另一(yi)種(zhong)顏色(se)(se)則(ze)覆蓋絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)其余部(bu)分，即黃/綠(lv)(lv)雙(shuang)色(se)(se)應(ying)(ying)基本均衡搭(da)配(pei)。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕緣和(he)護套(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)、最(zui)薄厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)、外(wai)(wai)形(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)等。絕緣和(he)護套(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)大(da)小對(dui)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)能夠耐受多(duo)大(da)強度(du)(du)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以及其機械性能好壞都(dou)有很重要(yao)的(de)(de)作用，所以對(dui)于不(bu)同(tong)規格(ge)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)都(dou)有嚴格(ge)規定，要(yao)求不(bu)得低于國家標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)規定值。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕緣厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)太薄會(hui)嚴重影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)使用安全，會(hui)帶來電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)擊穿、導體裸(luo)露引起(qi)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)等安全隱患，當然也不(bu)是(shi)越厚(hou)(hou)(hou)越好，應不(bu)影響安裝，故標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)又設(she)了一個外(wai)(wai)形(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)要(yao)求對(dui)此進行限(xian)制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認(ren)證強(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)認(ren)證，是進入(ru)國內市(shi)場(chang)的(de)通行證。

2.CB認證(zheng)(zheng)有利于產(chan)(chan)品(pin)出(chu)口(kou)用于家(jia)(jia)庭、辦(ban)公室、車(che)間和類似場(chang)所的(de)直接(jie)涉及人身(shen)安全的(de)電工產(chan)(chan)品(pin)，這類產(chan)(chan)品(pin)在(zai)一部分國家(jia)(jia)中實行強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)認證(zheng)(zheng)，即(ji)取得該(gai)國的(de)認證(zheng)(zheng)合格證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)后，才允許(xu)出(chu)口(kou)到該(gai)國，并在(zai)該(gai)國市(shi)場(chang)上銷售。即(ji)使在(zai)未實行強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)認證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)國家(jia)(jia)中，消費者為了自(zi)身(shen)的(de)安全，都愿意購買經(jing)過認證(zheng)(zheng)而帶(dai)有認證(zheng)(zheng)標(biao)志(zhi)的(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。

3.CE認證

是(shi)產品進(jin)入(ru)歐盟及歐洲貿易(yi)自由區國家市(shi)場的(de)(de)通(tong)行(xing)證。獲得認證并(bing)貼有CE標志(zhi)的(de)(de)產品將降低(di)在(zai)歐洲市(shi)場上銷售的(de)(de)風險：

1）被海(hai)關(guan)扣(kou)留和(he)查(cha)處的風險;

2）被市場監督機構(gou)查處的風險;

3）同行出于競(jing)爭目的的指控風險。