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1.電性能檢測

主要(yao)(yao)有導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、絕(jue)(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)緣線(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)，每項都很重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)，導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻直(zhi)接(jie)反映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性能，直(zhi)接(jie)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜在通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中的(de)溫度(du)、壽命(ming)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降、以及(ji)運行安全(quan)，它主要(yao)(yao)考查導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)的(de)材(cai)質和(he)截(jie)面積，若導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)的(de)材(cai)質不(bu)好或(huo)截(jie)面積嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)重(zhong)不(bu)足，就(jiu)會造成導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)重(zhong)超標，這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜鋪設在線(xian)路(lu)中就(jiu)會增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在線(xian)路(lu)上(shang)通過時的(de)損耗(hao)，引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)本身(shen)發熱，引起包覆導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)的(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣老化開裂，造成供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路(lu)，甚至造成火災(zai)，危及(ji)人身(shen)、財產的(de)安全(quan)。標準(zhun)對不(bu)同(tong)規(gui)格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)均有嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)的(de)規(gui)定，不(bu)得大于標準(zhun)規(gui)定的(de)值(zhi)。

絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)、成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)及絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，均(jun)考(kao)查的是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)層和護套(tao)層的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)能，絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)是檢測(ce)兩個導體之間(jian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材料的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，它(ta)應足(zu)夠大以起到絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)保護作用(yong)。成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)及絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)不(bu)光要(yao)求電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜有(you)足(zu)夠的絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)能力(li)，還要(yao)求絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)或護套(tao)材料均(jun)勻無雜(za)質、厚度足(zu)夠均(jun)勻，表面不(bu)能有(you)看(kan)不(bu)見的沙眼、針孔(kong)等，否則就會(hui)造成(cheng)(cheng)耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時局(ju)部擊穿(chuan)。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)是考查絕(jue)(jue)緣和(he)(he)護套(tao)塑料(liao)材(cai)料(liao)的抗(kang)張(zhang)強(qiang)度(du)、斷裂(lie)伸長(chang)率(lv)，包(bao)括(kuo)老化(hua)前(qian)后，還有對于成品軟電(dian)纜進(jin)行(xing)的曲撓試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、彎(wan)曲試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、荷(he)重斷芯(xin)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)(jue)緣線(xian)芯(xin)撕(si)裂(lie)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、靜態(tai)曲撓試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)等。老化(hua)前(qian)、后抗(kang)張(zhang)強(qiang)度(du)、老化(hua)前(qian)后斷裂(lie)伸長(chang)率(lv)是電(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣和(he)(he)護套(tao)材(cai)料(liao)最重要(yao)最基本的指標，要(yao)求用作(zuo)電(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣和(he)(he)護套(tao)的材(cai)料(liao)，既要(yao)有足夠的拉伸強(qiang)度(du)不容易拉斷，又要(yao)有一定的柔韌性。

老化是指在高溫條件下(xia)，絕(jue)緣和(he)(he)護(hu)套(tao)材料保持其原有性能(neng)的(de)能(neng)力，老化不應嚴重影響材料的(de)抗張強(qiang)度和(he)(he)伸長率，這些都將直接影響電纜的(de)使用壽命，若(ruo)抗張強(qiang)度和(he)(he)斷裂伸長率不合格，進行電纜的(de)施工安裝時(shi)就極易(yi)出現(xian)護(hu)套(tao)或絕(jue)緣體斷裂，或在光、熱環(huan)境下(xia)使用的(de)電纜其護(hu)套(tao)和(he)(he)絕(jue)緣容(rong)易(yi)變脆，斷裂，致使帶電導體裸露，發生(sheng)觸電危險(xian)。

另外軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)由(you)于(yu)不是(shi)固定敷設，使用中存在反復拖拉、彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)等情況，所(suo)以(yi)對于(yu)軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)標(biao)準又另外規定了在其成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)上加做動態曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)(nao)試驗(yan)(yan)、彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)試驗(yan)(yan)、荷重(zhong)斷(duan)芯(xin)試驗(yan)(yan)、絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)撕裂(lie)試驗(yan)(yan)、靜態曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)(nao)試驗(yan)(yan)等，以(yi)保證這種線(xian)纜(lan)在實際使用中滿足要求。如動態曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)(nao)試驗(yan)(yan)主要考(kao)核軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在受到外界的機(ji)械拉伸和彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)等應力時(shi)，軟(ruan)導體的絞合線(xian)絲是(shi)否斷(duan)裂(lie)而降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的傳輸性能，或者刺破(po)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)而降(jiang)低(di)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性能;絕緣(yuan)(yuan)在受到應力作用是(shi)是(shi)否變形或開裂(lie)而影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕緣(yuan)(yuan)性能的一種試驗(yan)(yan)方(fang)法。

3.絕緣和護(hu)套材料性能(neng)試驗

包括熱(re)失(shi)重、熱(re)沖擊、高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力(li)、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)彎曲、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)拉伸、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)沖擊、阻(zu)(zu)燃性能(neng)等等。這些都是考查絕(jue)緣和護(hu)套的(de)(de)(de)(de)塑料材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)好(hao)壞，如熱(re)失(shi)重試(shi)(shi)驗是檢(jian)測(ce)經過7天(tian)80℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)老化后(hou)材料降(jiang)解、揮發的(de)(de)(de)(de)程度(du);熱(re)沖擊檢(jian)測(ce)在(zai)150℃高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后(hou)經特殊卷繞的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣表(biao)面是否有(you)開裂;高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力(li)檢(jian)測(ce)絕(jue)緣材料在(zai)經過高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)再冷(leng)卻后(hou)其(qi)(qi)彈性的(de)(de)(de)(de)保持(chi)程度(du);所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)驗一般(ban)指在(zai)-15℃條件下(xia)其(qi)(qi)機械性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化，都是檢(jian)測(ce)線纜材料在(zai)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)環境下(xia)是否變脆、易開裂或易拉斷等。 另外電纜的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)燃性能(neng)勝能(neng)很重要，考查該項性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗為不延燃試(shi)(shi)驗，即對按(an)標準安裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)成品電纜用(yong)專(zhuan)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)火焰點燃一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間，待其(qi)(qi)火焰自行(xing)熄滅(mie)后(hou)檢(jian)查線纜被燒(shao)(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，當(dang)然被燒(shao)(shao)掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分越(yue)少越(yue)好(hao)，說明其(qi)(qi)燃燒(shao)(shao)性差，阻(zu)(zu)燃性好(hao)，越(yue)安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準要求(qiu)電纜包裝上應(ying)附有表示產(chan)品型(xing)號(hao)、規格、標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準號(hao)、廠名和產(chan)地(di)的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)簽或(huo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，規格包括額(e)(e)定(ding)電壓、芯數和導體標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)稱截面等；電纜表面應(ying)印有制造廠名、產(chan)品型(xing)號(hao)和額(e)(e)定(ding)電壓的(de)連續標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)間距要求(qiu)≤200mm(絕緣表面)或(huo)≤500mm (護套表面)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)內容應(ying)齊全(quan)、清晰、耐擦，這個要求(qiu)是方便使用者了解電纜的(de)型(xing)號(hao)規格及電壓等級(ji)，以防敷設錯誤。

另(ling)外，電(dian)線(xian)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)應優先選用(yong)標準推薦的(de)顏(yan)色(se)，特別(bie)要提(ti)的(de)是黃(huang)/綠(lv)雙色(se)線(xian)芯(xin)，這種(zhong)(zhong)線(xian)一(yi)(yi)般用(yong)在電(dian)器產品的(de)電(dian)源線(xian)中，這條特殊雙色(se)線(xian)專用(yong)于接地，對于黃(huang)/綠(lv)搭(da)配(pei)標準也有以下規定：即(ji)對每一(yi)(yi)段長(chang)巧~的(de)雙色(se)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)，其(qi)中一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)顏(yan)色(se)應至少(shao)覆蓋(gai)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)表面(mian)的(de)30%，且不大于70%，而另(ling)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)顏(yan)色(se)則覆蓋(gai)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)的(de)其(qi)余部(bu)分，即(ji)黃(huang)/綠(lv)雙色(se)應基(ji)本均衡(heng)搭(da)配(pei)。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護套的(de)厚(hou)度(du)(du)、最薄(bo)厚(hou)度(du)(du)、外(wai)形尺寸(cun)等。絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護套的(de)厚(hou)度(du)(du)大(da)小對(dui)(dui)于電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)能(neng)夠耐受(shou)多大(da)強度(du)(du)的(de)電(dian)壓，以(yi)及其機械性能(neng)好壞都(dou)有(you)(you)很重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，所以(yi)對(dui)(dui)于不同規(gui)格的(de)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，標(biao)準對(dui)(dui)厚(hou)度(du)(du)都(dou)有(you)(you)嚴(yan)格規(gui)定，要求不得低(di)于國(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準的(de)規(gui)定值。電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)厚(hou)度(du)(du)太(tai)薄(bo)會嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)影響(xiang)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)使用(yong)安全(quan)(quan)，會帶來電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)擊(ji)穿、導體裸(luo)露引起漏(lou)電(dian)等安全(quan)(quan)隱患(huan)，當然也不是越(yue)厚(hou)越(yue)好，應不影響(xiang)安裝(zhuang)，故標(biao)準又設了一個(ge)外(wai)形尺寸(cun)要求對(dui)(dui)此進行限(xian)制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證強制性認證，是進入國內市(shi)場的通行證。

2.CB認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)有(you)利于產(chan)品出口(kou)用于家(jia)庭、辦公室、車(che)間和類似場所的(de)(de)直接(jie)涉及人身(shen)安(an)全的(de)(de)電工產(chan)品，這類產(chan)品在(zai)一部分國(guo)家(jia)中實行(xing)強制性(xing)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)，即(ji)取(qu)得該(gai)國(guo)的(de)(de)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)合(he)格證(zheng)(zheng)書后，才允許出口(kou)到該(gai)國(guo)，并在(zai)該(gai)國(guo)市場上(shang)銷售。即(ji)使在(zai)未實行(xing)強制性(xing)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)中，消費(fei)者為(wei)了自身(shen)的(de)(de)安(an)全，都愿(yuan)意購買經過認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)而帶(dai)有(you)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)標志的(de)(de)產(chan)品。

3.CE認證

是產(chan)品進入歐盟及歐洲貿易自由區(qu)國家市(shi)場(chang)的(de)通行(xing)證。獲得認證并貼有CE標志的(de)產(chan)品將降低在(zai)歐洲市(shi)場(chang)上銷售(shou)的(de)風險：

1）被(bei)海關(guan)扣(kou)留(liu)和查處(chu)的(de)風險;

2）被市場監督機構查處的風險;

3）同行出(chu)于競爭目(mu)的(de)(de)的(de)(de)指(zhi)控風險(xian)。