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1.電性能檢測

主(zhu)要有(you)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)及絕緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)，每項(xiang)都很重(zhong)(zhong)要，導(dao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)直接反映(ying)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸(shu)性能，直接影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)行中的(de)溫度、壽(shou)命(ming)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降、以及運(yun)行安(an)全，它主(zhu)要考查導(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)材質和(he)截面積，若導(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)材質不(bu)好(hao)或截面積嚴重(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)足，就會(hui)造(zao)成導(dao)體(ti)(ti)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)超標，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)鋪設在線(xian)路(lu)中就會(hui)增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在線(xian)路(lu)上(shang)通過時(shi)的(de)損耗，引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)本身(shen)發(fa)熱(re)，引(yin)起包覆導(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)絕緣(yuan)老化開裂，造(zao)成供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路(lu)，甚至造(zao)成火災，危及人身(shen)、財產的(de)安(an)全。標準(zhun)對不(bu)同規(gui)格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值均有(you)嚴格的(de)規(gui)定，不(bu)得大(da)于標準(zhun)規(gui)定的(de)值。

絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗及絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗，均(jun)考查的是電(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)層和護套層的電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性能(neng)，絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是檢(jian)測兩個導(dao)體之間(jian)(jian)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料的電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，它應足(zu)夠(gou)(gou)大以起到絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)保護作用。成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗及絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗不光要求電(dian)(dian)纜有足(zu)夠(gou)(gou)的絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)力，還(huan)要求絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)或護套材(cai)料均(jun)勻無雜(za)質、厚度足(zu)夠(gou)(gou)均(jun)勻，表(biao)面不能(neng)有看(kan)不見的沙眼、針孔等，否(fou)則(ze)就會造成耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗時局部擊(ji)穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主(zhu)要是考查絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)和(he)護(hu)套(tao)塑料(liao)材料(liao)的(de)(de)抗張(zhang)強(qiang)度、斷裂(lie)(lie)伸長(chang)(chang)率，包括老(lao)(lao)化(hua)前后，還有對于成品軟電(dian)(dian)纜進(jin)行的(de)(de)曲撓(nao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎曲試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷重(zhong)(zhong)斷芯試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線芯撕(si)裂(lie)(lie)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜態曲撓(nao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等。老(lao)(lao)化(hua)前、后抗張(zhang)強(qiang)度、老(lao)(lao)化(hua)前后斷裂(lie)(lie)伸長(chang)(chang)率是電(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)和(he)護(hu)套(tao)材料(liao)最重(zhong)(zhong)要最基本的(de)(de)指標，要求用作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)和(he)護(hu)套(tao)的(de)(de)材料(liao)，既要有足夠的(de)(de)拉伸強(qiang)度不容易拉斷，又要有一定的(de)(de)柔韌性。

老化是指(zhi)在高溫條件(jian)下，絕(jue)(jue)緣和護(hu)套(tao)材料(liao)(liao)保持其(qi)原有性能的(de)(de)(de)能力，老化不應嚴重影響(xiang)材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)抗張(zhang)強度和伸(shen)長率(lv)，這(zhe)些都將直接影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命，若抗張(zhang)強度和斷裂伸(shen)長率(lv)不合(he)格，進行電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)安裝(zhuang)時就極易出現護(hu)套(tao)或絕(jue)(jue)緣體斷裂，或在光、熱(re)環境(jing)下使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)其(qi)護(hu)套(tao)和絕(jue)(jue)緣容(rong)易變脆(cui)，斷裂，致使(shi)帶電(dian)(dian)導(dao)體裸(luo)露，發生觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)危險。

另(ling)外(wai)軟(ruan)(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜由(you)于不是(shi)固(gu)定敷設，使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)存在(zai)反復拖拉、彎(wan)曲等情況，所以(yi)對于軟(ruan)(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜標(biao)準又另(ling)外(wai)規定了在(zai)其成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜上加做動態曲撓試驗(yan)(yan)、彎(wan)曲試驗(yan)(yan)、荷重斷芯試驗(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯撕裂(lie)試驗(yan)(yan)、靜(jing)態曲撓試驗(yan)(yan)等，以(yi)保證這(zhe)種線(xian)(xian)纜在(zai)實(shi)際使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)滿足要求。如動態曲撓試驗(yan)(yan)主(zhu)要考核軟(ruan)(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜在(zai)受到外(wai)界的(de)(de)機械拉伸和(he)彎(wan)曲等應力時，軟(ruan)(ruan)導體的(de)(de)絞(jiao)合線(xian)(xian)絲是(shi)否(fou)斷裂(lie)而降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)傳輸性(xing)能(neng)，或者(zhe)刺(ci)破絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)而降(jiang)低絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)性(xing)能(neng);絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)在(zai)受到應力作用(yong)是(shi)是(shi)否(fou)變(bian)形或開裂(lie)而影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)一種試驗(yan)(yan)方法(fa)。

3.絕緣和護套材(cai)料性能(neng)試驗

包括熱(re)(re)(re)失重、熱(re)(re)(re)沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)、高(gao)溫壓力、低(di)溫彎曲、低(di)溫拉伸、低(di)溫沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)、阻(zu)燃(ran)(ran)性(xing)能等等。這些(xie)都是(shi)考查絕緣(yuan)和護套(tao)的(de)(de)塑(su)料(liao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)性(xing)能好壞，如(ru)熱(re)(re)(re)失重試驗(yan)(yan)是(shi)檢(jian)測(ce)經過(guo)7天80℃的(de)(de)高(gao)溫老(lao)化后材(cai)(cai)料(liao)降解、揮發的(de)(de)程度;熱(re)(re)(re)沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)檢(jian)測(ce)在150℃高(gao)溫1h后經特殊卷繞的(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)表面(mian)是(shi)否有開裂(lie)(lie);高(gao)溫壓力檢(jian)測(ce)絕緣(yuan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)在經過(guo)高(gao)溫再冷卻后其(qi)彈性(xing)的(de)(de)保持(chi)程度;所(suo)有的(de)(de)低(di)溫試驗(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)般指在-15℃條(tiao)件下(xia)其(qi)機(ji)械性(xing)能的(de)(de)變(bian)化，都是(shi)檢(jian)測(ce)線纜(lan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)在低(di)溫環境下(xia)是(shi)否變(bian)脆、易(yi)開裂(lie)(lie)或易(yi)拉斷等。 另外電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)阻(zu)燃(ran)(ran)性(xing)能勝能很重要(yao)，考查該項性(xing)能的(de)(de)試驗(yan)(yan)為(wei)不延(yan)燃(ran)(ran)試驗(yan)(yan)，即對按標準(zhun)安裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)成品電(dian)纜(lan)用專(zhuan)門(men)的(de)(de)火(huo)焰(yan)點燃(ran)(ran)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)時間(jian)，待其(qi)火(huo)焰(yan)自行熄滅后檢(jian)查線纜(lan)被(bei)(bei)燒的(de)(de)情況，當然被(bei)(bei)燒掉的(de)(de)部(bu)分越(yue)少越(yue)好，說明其(qi)燃(ran)(ran)燒性(xing)差，阻(zu)燃(ran)(ran)性(xing)好，越(yue)安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)準(zhun)要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)包(bao)裝上應(ying)附(fu)有表示產品(pin)型號(hao)、規格、標(biao)準(zhun)號(hao)、廠(chang)名和產地的標(biao)簽或(huo)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，規格包(bao)括額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、芯(xin)數(shu)和導體標(biao)稱(cheng)截(jie)面等；電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)表面應(ying)印有制造廠(chang)名、產品(pin)型號(hao)和額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的連續標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)間距要(yao)求(qiu)≤200mm(絕緣表面)或(huo)≤500mm (護(hu)套表面)，標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)內容(rong)應(ying)齊(qi)全(quan)、清晰(xi)、耐擦，這個要(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)方便(bian)使用(yong)者了解電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的型號(hao)規格及電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級，以防敷設(she)錯(cuo)誤。

另(ling)外，電(dian)線(xian)絕緣線(xian)芯(xin)應(ying)優先選用標(biao)準推薦的(de)(de)(de)顏(yan)色(se)，特別(bie)要提的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)黃(huang)(huang)/綠雙(shuang)色(se)線(xian)芯(xin)，這種線(xian)一般(ban)用在(zai)電(dian)器產品的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)源線(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)，這條特殊(shu)雙(shuang)色(se)線(xian)專(zhuan)用于(yu)(yu)接地，對于(yu)(yu)黃(huang)(huang)/綠搭(da)配(pei)標(biao)準也有以下規定(ding)：即(ji)對每一段長巧~的(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)色(se)絕緣線(xian)芯(xin)，其中(zhong)(zhong)一種顏(yan)色(se)應(ying)至少覆(fu)蓋絕緣線(xian)芯(xin)表面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)30%，且不(bu)大(da)于(yu)(yu)70%，而另(ling)一種顏(yan)色(se)則(ze)覆(fu)蓋絕緣線(xian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)其余部分，即(ji)黃(huang)(huang)/綠雙(shuang)色(se)應(ying)基本均衡(heng)搭(da)配(pei)。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包(bao)括絕緣(yuan)和(he)護套的(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)、最薄厚(hou)(hou)度(du)、外形尺寸等(deng)。絕緣(yuan)和(he)護套的(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)大小(xiao)對(dui)(dui)于電(dian)纜(lan)能夠耐受多大強度(du)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，以及其機械(xie)性能好(hao)壞都(dou)有很重要的(de)(de)作(zuo)用，所以對(dui)(dui)于不(bu)同(tong)規(gui)格的(de)(de)電(dian)纜(lan)，標(biao)準(zhun)對(dui)(dui)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)都(dou)有嚴格規(gui)定(ding)，要求不(bu)得低于國家標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)值。電(dian)纜(lan)絕緣(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)太薄會嚴重影響電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)使(shi)用安全，會帶來電(dian)纜(lan)擊穿、導(dao)體裸(luo)露引(yin)起漏電(dian)等(deng)安全隱患(huan)，當然(ran)也不(bu)是越厚(hou)(hou)越好(hao)，應不(bu)影響安裝，故標(biao)準(zhun)又設了一個外形尺寸要求對(dui)(dui)此進行限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證(zheng)強制性認證(zheng)，是進入(ru)國內市場的(de)通行證(zheng)。

2.CB認(ren)證(zheng)有利于產(chan)品出(chu)口用(yong)于家(jia)庭、辦公室、車間和(he)類似(si)場(chang)所的(de)(de)(de)直接涉及人身(shen)安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)工產(chan)品，這(zhe)類產(chan)品在(zai)一部分國(guo)(guo)家(jia)中實行(xing)強制性認(ren)證(zheng)，即(ji)取得該國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)證(zheng)合格證(zheng)書后，才允許出(chu)口到該國(guo)(guo)，并在(zai)該國(guo)(guo)市場(chang)上銷售。即(ji)使(shi)在(zai)未實行(xing)強制性認(ren)證(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)中，消費(fei)者為了自身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全，都(dou)愿(yuan)意購買經過認(ren)證(zheng)而帶有認(ren)證(zheng)標志的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品。

3.CE認證

是產(chan)品(pin)進(jin)入歐(ou)盟及歐(ou)洲(zhou)貿易自由(you)區(qu)國(guo)家市場(chang)(chang)的(de)通行證(zheng)。獲得認證(zheng)并貼有(you)CE標志的(de)產(chan)品(pin)將降低在歐(ou)洲(zhou)市場(chang)(chang)上銷(xiao)售的(de)風險：

1）被海關扣留(liu)和(he)查處的風險;

2）被市場(chang)監(jian)督機(ji)構查處的(de)風險;

3）同行出于競爭(zheng)目的的指控風險。