熱門關鍵詞：
來源：行(xing)業動態 閱(yue)讀：115178 發布時(shi)間：2019-07-05
1.電性能檢測
主要(yao)(yao)(yao)有導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗及(ji)絕緣線(xian)(xian)芯間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗，每(mei)項(xiang)都很重要(yao)(yao)(yao)，導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)直接(jie)反映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)輸性能(neng)，直接(jie)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中的(de)(de)(de)溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降、以及(ji)運行安全(quan)，它主要(yao)(yao)(yao)考查導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)材質和截面積(ji)(ji)，若導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)材質不好或(huo)截面積(ji)(ji)嚴重不足，就(jiu)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)嚴重超標(biao)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)鋪設在線(xian)(xian)路(lu)中就(jiu)會(hui)增(zeng)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在線(xian)(xian)路(lu)上(shang)通過時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)損耗，引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)本身發熱，引起(qi)包覆導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)絕緣老化開裂，造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路(lu)，甚至造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)火(huo)災，危及(ji)人身、財(cai)產的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)。標(biao)準對不同(tong)規(gui)格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值均有嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定，不得大于標(biao)準規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)值。
絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗，均考查(cha)的(de)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)和護套層(ceng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性能(neng)(neng)，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是檢測兩(liang)個導(dao)體之(zhi)間絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，它應足夠大以起到(dao)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)保護作用。成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗不(bu)(bu)光要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)有足夠的(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)(neng)力，還(huan)要求絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)或護套材(cai)料(liao)均勻無雜質、厚度足夠均勻，表面不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)有看不(bu)(bu)見的(de)沙眼、針孔等，否則(ze)就會(hui)造(zao)成耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗時局(ju)部擊穿。
2.機械性能檢測
主要(yao)是考(kao)查絕(jue)緣(yuan)和(he)護(hu)套塑料材料的抗張強(qiang)(qiang)度、斷裂伸長率(lv)，包括老(lao)化(hua)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)，還(huan)有(you)對(dui)于(yu)成品(pin)軟電(dian)纜進(jin)行的曲撓(nao)試驗、彎(wan)曲試驗、荷重斷芯(xin)試驗、絕(jue)緣(yuan)線芯(xin)撕裂試驗、靜態曲撓(nao)試驗等。老(lao)化(hua)前(qian)(qian)、后(hou)抗張強(qiang)(qiang)度、老(lao)化(hua)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)斷裂伸長率(lv)是電(dian)纜絕(jue)緣(yuan)和(he)護(hu)套材料最重要(yao)最基本的指標，要(yao)求用作電(dian)纜絕(jue)緣(yuan)和(he)護(hu)套的材料，既(ji)要(yao)有(you)足(zu)夠的拉伸強(qiang)(qiang)度不(bu)容易拉斷，又要(yao)有(you)一定的柔(rou)韌性。
老化是(shi)指在高溫條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)，絕緣和(he)(he)護(hu)套材(cai)(cai)料保持其原有性能的(de)(de)能力，老化不應嚴重影(ying)(ying)響材(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)抗(kang)張(zhang)強度和(he)(he)伸(shen)長率，這些(xie)都將直接影(ying)(ying)響電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)使用壽命，若抗(kang)張(zhang)強度和(he)(he)斷(duan)裂(lie)伸(shen)長率不合格(ge)，進行(xing)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)施工安(an)裝時就極易出現護(hu)套或絕緣體(ti)(ti)斷(duan)裂(lie)，或在光、熱環境下(xia)使用的(de)(de)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)其護(hu)套和(he)(he)絕緣容易變脆，斷(duan)裂(lie)，致使帶電(dian)導體(ti)(ti)裸露，發生觸電(dian)危(wei)險。
另外(wai)軟電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)由于不是固定敷設，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)存在反復(fu)拖拉、彎曲等(deng)情況，所(suo)以(yi)對于軟電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)標準又另外(wai)規定了在其成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)上加做動態(tai)(tai)曲撓(nao)試驗、彎曲試驗、荷重斷(duan)芯(xin)試驗、絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)撕裂(lie)試驗、靜態(tai)(tai)曲撓(nao)試驗等(deng)，以(yi)保證這種(zhong)線(xian)(xian)纜(lan)(lan)在實(shi)際(ji)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)滿足要(yao)求(qiu)。如動態(tai)(tai)曲撓(nao)試驗主(zhu)要(yao)考核軟電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在受(shou)到外(wai)界的(de)(de)機械拉伸和(he)彎曲等(deng)應力時(shi)，軟導體的(de)(de)絞合線(xian)(xian)絲是否(fou)斷(duan)裂(lie)而(er)降低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸性(xing)能，或者刺破絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)而(er)降低(di)(di)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能;絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)在受(shou)到應力作(zuo)用(yong)是是否(fou)變形或開裂(lie)而(er)影響電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)能的(de)(de)一種(zhong)試驗方法。
3.絕緣和護套(tao)材料(liao)性能(neng)試(shi)驗
包括熱失(shi)重(zhong)、熱沖(chong)擊、高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)壓力、低溫(wen)(wen)彎曲(qu)、低溫(wen)(wen)拉伸、低溫(wen)(wen)沖(chong)擊、阻燃(ran)性(xing)能(neng)等(deng)等(deng)。這些(xie)都是考查絕(jue)緣和護套的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑料(liao)(liao)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)好壞，如熱失(shi)重(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)是檢測(ce)(ce)經過(guo)7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)老化后(hou)(hou)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)降(jiang)解、揮發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du);熱沖(chong)擊檢測(ce)(ce)在(zai)150℃高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)1h后(hou)(hou)經特(te)殊卷繞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣表面是否有開(kai)裂;高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)壓力檢測(ce)(ce)絕(jue)緣材(cai)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)經過(guo)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)再(zai)冷(leng)卻后(hou)(hou)其(qi)(qi)彈性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保持程(cheng)(cheng)度(du);所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低溫(wen)(wen)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)一般指在(zai)-15℃條件(jian)下其(qi)(qi)機械性(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化，都是檢測(ce)(ce)線纜(lan)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)低溫(wen)(wen)環境下是否變(bian)脆、易(yi)開(kai)裂或易(yi)拉斷(duan)等(deng)。 另外電纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻燃(ran)性(xing)能(neng)勝能(neng)很(hen)重(zhong)要，考查該(gai)項性(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)為(wei)不延燃(ran)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，即對按標準(zhun)安裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成品電纜(lan)用(yong)專門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火焰點燃(ran)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間，待(dai)其(qi)(qi)火焰自(zi)行熄(xi)滅后(hou)(hou)檢查線纜(lan)被燒(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，當然被燒(shao)掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分越少越好，說明其(qi)(qi)燃(ran)燒(shao)性(xing)差，阻燃(ran)性(xing)好，越安全。
4.標志檢查
標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)要(yao)求電(dian)纜(lan)包裝上應附有表(biao)示產(chan)品型號(hao)、規(gui)格(ge)、標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)號(hao)、廠名(ming)和(he)(he)產(chan)地的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)簽(qian)或標(biao)(biao)志，規(gui)格(ge)包括額定電(dian)壓、芯數和(he)(he)導體標(biao)(biao)稱(cheng)截面(mian)等；電(dian)纜(lan)表(biao)面(mian)應印有制造(zao)廠名(ming)、產(chan)品型號(hao)和(he)(he)額定電(dian)壓的(de)(de)連續標(biao)(biao)志，標(biao)(biao)志間距(ju)要(yao)求≤200mm(絕(jue)緣表(biao)面(mian))或≤500mm (護套(tao)表(biao)面(mian))，標(biao)(biao)志內容應齊全、清晰、耐擦(ca)，這(zhe)個(ge)要(yao)求是方便(bian)使用(yong)者了解電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)型號(hao)規(gui)格(ge)及電(dian)壓等級，以防敷設錯誤。
另外，電線(xian)(xian)(xian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯應(ying)優(you)先選用標(biao)準推薦(jian)的(de)顏(yan)色(se)，特(te)別要提的(de)是黃(huang)(huang)/綠(lv)雙(shuang)色(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯，這(zhe)種(zhong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)一般(ban)用在(zai)電器產(chan)品的(de)電源線(xian)(xian)(xian)中，這(zhe)條特(te)殊(shu)雙(shuang)色(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)專用于接地(di)，對于黃(huang)(huang)/綠(lv)搭配標(biao)準也有以(yi)下規定：即對每一段長巧~的(de)雙(shuang)色(se)絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯，其(qi)中一種(zhong)顏(yan)色(se)應(ying)至(zhi)少覆(fu)蓋絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯表(biao)面的(de)30%，且(qie)不(bu)大于70%，而另一種(zhong)顏(yan)色(se)則覆(fu)蓋絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯的(de)其(qi)余部分，即黃(huang)(huang)/綠(lv)雙(shuang)色(se)應(ying)基本均衡搭配。
5.結構尺寸檢測
包括絕緣和護套(tao)的(de)厚度(du)、最薄厚度(du)、外(wai)形(xing)尺寸等。絕緣和護套(tao)的(de)厚度(du)大小(xiao)對于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)能夠耐受多大強度(du)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，以及(ji)其(qi)機械(xie)性能好(hao)壞都有(you)很重要的(de)作用(yong)，所(suo)以對于(yu)(yu)不(bu)同規格的(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，標準(zhun)對厚度(du)都有(you)嚴(yan)格規定，要求不(bu)得低于(yu)(yu)國家標準(zhun)的(de)規定值。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕緣厚度(du)太薄會嚴(yan)重影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)使用(yong)安(an)全，會帶來電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)擊(ji)穿、導體裸露引起漏電(dian)(dian)等安(an)全隱患，當然也不(bu)是(shi)越(yue)厚越(yue)好(hao)，應不(bu)影(ying)響安(an)裝，故標準(zhun)又(you)設了(le)一(yi)個外(wai)形(xing)尺寸要求對此進行限制。
常見的認證標志
1.CCC認(ren)(ren)證強制性認(ren)(ren)證，是進入(ru)國內市場的通行(xing)證。
2.CB認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)有(you)利于產品(pin)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)用于家(jia)庭、辦公(gong)室、車間和(he)類似場所的(de)(de)直接涉及(ji)人(ren)身安(an)全的(de)(de)電工產品(pin)，這類產品(pin)在一部(bu)分國(guo)家(jia)中(zhong)實行強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)性認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，即取得該(gai)(gai)國(guo)的(de)(de)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合格證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書后，才允許(xu)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)到該(gai)(gai)國(guo)，并在該(gai)(gai)國(guo)市場上銷售。即使(shi)在未實行強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)性認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)中(zhong)，消費者為了自身的(de)(de)安(an)全，都(dou)愿意(yi)購買經過(guo)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)而(er)帶有(you)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)標志的(de)(de)產品(pin)。
3.CE認證
是產品進入(ru)歐盟及歐洲(zhou)貿易自(zi)由(you)區國家市場(chang)的(de)(de)通行證。獲(huo)得認(ren)證并貼(tie)有CE標志的(de)(de)產品將(jiang)降低在歐洲(zhou)市場(chang)上(shang)銷售(shou)的(de)(de)風險：
1）被(bei)海(hai)關扣留(liu)和(he)查處(chu)的風(feng)險;
2）被市(shi)場監督機構查(cha)處的風險;
3）同行出于競爭目(mu)的的指(zhi)控風險。
