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1.電性能檢測

主(zhu)要有導(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗及(ji)絕(jue)緣線芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗，每項(xiang)都很重(zhong)要，導(dao)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)反映了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸(shu)性能，直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中(zhong)的(de)溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降、以(yi)及(ji)運行安全，它主(zhu)要考查(cha)導(dao)體(ti)的(de)材質(zhi)和(he)截(jie)面(mian)積，若(ruo)導(dao)體(ti)的(de)材質(zhi)不(bu)(bu)好(hao)或截(jie)面(mian)積嚴(yan)重(zhong)不(bu)(bu)足，就會造成導(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)嚴(yan)重(zhong)超標(biao)(biao)(biao)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)鋪設在(zai)線路(lu)中(zhong)就會增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)線路(lu)上通過時的(de)損(sun)耗，引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)體(ti)本身發熱，引起包(bao)覆導(dao)體(ti)的(de)絕(jue)緣老化開裂，造成供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路(lu)，甚至造成火災，危及(ji)人身、財產的(de)安全。標(biao)(biao)(biao)準對不(bu)(bu)同(tong)規(gui)格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)導(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)均有嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)規(gui)定，不(bu)(bu)得(de)大于標(biao)(biao)(biao)準規(gui)定的(de)值(zhi)。

絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)、成(cheng)品電(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)間(jian)電(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗，均考(kao)查的(de)(de)(de)是電(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層和護套(tao)(tao)層的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性能，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)是檢(jian)測兩(liang)個導體之(zhi)間(jian)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)阻(zu)，它(ta)應足夠大以起到絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護作用。成(cheng)品電(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)間(jian)電(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗不光要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)纜(lan)有足夠的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能力，還要(yao)求(qiu)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或護套(tao)(tao)材(cai)料均勻(yun)無雜質、厚度足夠均勻(yun)，表(biao)面不能有看不見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)沙眼、針孔等，否則就(jiu)會造成(cheng)耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗時(shi)局部(bu)擊穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)是考查絕緣和(he)護(hu)套塑料材(cai)料的(de)(de)抗(kang)張強度、斷裂伸長率，包括老(lao)化前(qian)(qian)后，還有對于成品(pin)軟電纜(lan)進行的(de)(de)曲撓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎曲試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷重(zhong)斷芯(xin)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕緣線芯(xin)撕(si)裂試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜態曲撓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等。老(lao)化前(qian)(qian)、后抗(kang)張強度、老(lao)化前(qian)(qian)后斷裂伸長率是電纜(lan)絕緣和(he)護(hu)套材(cai)料最重(zhong)要(yao)最基本(ben)的(de)(de)指(zhi)標，要(yao)求用作(zuo)電纜(lan)絕緣和(he)護(hu)套的(de)(de)材(cai)料，既要(yao)有足夠的(de)(de)拉伸強度不(bu)容易拉斷，又(you)要(yao)有一定的(de)(de)柔韌性。

老(lao)化是指在高溫條件下(xia)，絕(jue)緣和(he)護套(tao)材(cai)料保持其原(yuan)有性能的能力(li)，老(lao)化不(bu)應嚴重(zhong)影(ying)響材(cai)料的抗(kang)張強(qiang)度和(he)伸長(chang)率(lv)(lv)，這些(xie)都(dou)將直接影(ying)響電(dian)纜的使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命，若(ruo)抗(kang)張強(qiang)度和(he)斷裂(lie)(lie)伸長(chang)率(lv)(lv)不(bu)合格(ge)，進行電(dian)纜的施工安(an)裝時就(jiu)極易(yi)(yi)出現護套(tao)或絕(jue)緣體(ti)斷裂(lie)(lie)，或在光、熱環(huan)境下(xia)使(shi)用(yong)的電(dian)纜其護套(tao)和(he)絕(jue)緣容易(yi)(yi)變脆，斷裂(lie)(lie)，致使(shi)帶(dai)電(dian)導體(ti)裸露，發(fa)生觸電(dian)危險。

另外軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)由于不是固定敷設(she)，使用中存在(zai)(zai)反復拖拉、彎曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)(deng)情(qing)況(kuang)，所以對于軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)標準又(you)另外規定了在(zai)(zai)其成品電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)上(shang)加做動態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎曲(qu)(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷重斷(duan)芯試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯撕裂(lie)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等(deng)(deng)，以保(bao)證這種線(xian)纜(lan)在(zai)(zai)實際使用中滿足要求。如動態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)主(zhu)要考核軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)(zai)受(shou)到(dao)外界的(de)機械拉伸(shen)和(he)彎曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)(deng)應力(li)時，軟(ruan)導體的(de)絞合線(xian)絲是否(fou)斷(duan)裂(lie)而降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)的(de)傳輸性能(neng)(neng)，或(huo)者刺(ci)破絕(jue)緣(yuan)而降(jiang)低(di)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)氣性能(neng)(neng);絕(jue)緣(yuan)在(zai)(zai)受(shou)到(dao)應力(li)作用是是否(fou)變形或(huo)開裂(lie)而影響電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)性能(neng)(neng)的(de)一種試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方法。

3.絕(jue)緣和護套材料性(xing)能試驗

包括熱(re)(re)失重、熱(re)(re)沖(chong)(chong)擊、高溫(wen)壓力、低溫(wen)彎曲、低溫(wen)拉伸、低溫(wen)沖(chong)(chong)擊、阻(zu)燃性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)等等。這(zhe)些都(dou)是(shi)考(kao)查(cha)(cha)絕(jue)(jue)緣和護套的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑料材(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)好(hao)壞(huai)，如熱(re)(re)失重試驗(yan)是(shi)檢測(ce)經過7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)老化后材(cai)(cai)(cai)料降解、揮(hui)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度;熱(re)(re)沖(chong)(chong)擊檢測(ce)在(zai)150℃高溫(wen)1h后經特殊卷繞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣表(biao)面(mian)是(shi)否有開裂;高溫(wen)壓力檢測(ce)絕(jue)(jue)緣材(cai)(cai)(cai)料在(zai)經過高溫(wen)再冷卻后其(qi)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保持程度;所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低溫(wen)試驗(yan)一般指在(zai)-15℃條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)其(qi)機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化，都(dou)是(shi)檢測(ce)線(xian)纜(lan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料在(zai)低溫(wen)環境下(xia)是(shi)否變脆、易開裂或(huo)易拉斷等。 另外電纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)燃性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)勝能(neng)(neng)很(hen)重要(yao)，考(kao)查(cha)(cha)該(gai)項性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試驗(yan)為不延燃試驗(yan)，即對按標準安(an)裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成品電纜(lan)用專門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火焰點燃一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)，待其(qi)火焰自行(xing)熄滅(mie)后檢查(cha)(cha)線(xian)纜(lan)被燒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，當然被燒掉(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分越(yue)少越(yue)好(hao)，說明其(qi)燃燒性(xing)(xing)(xing)差，阻(zu)燃性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)，越(yue)安(an)全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)包(bao)裝(zhuang)上應(ying)(ying)附有表(biao)示產(chan)(chan)品型(xing)號、規(gui)格(ge)(ge)、標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)號、廠名和產(chan)(chan)地(di)的標(biao)(biao)(biao)簽(qian)或標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，規(gui)格(ge)(ge)包(bao)括額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、芯數和導體(ti)標(biao)(biao)(biao)稱截面等(deng)；電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)表(biao)面應(ying)(ying)印有制造廠名、產(chan)(chan)品型(xing)號和額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的連續(xu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)間距要(yao)求(qiu)≤200mm(絕緣表(biao)面)或≤500mm (護套(tao)表(biao)面)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)內容(rong)應(ying)(ying)齊全、清晰(xi)、耐擦，這個要(yao)求(qiu)是方便(bian)使用者了(le)解電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的型(xing)號規(gui)格(ge)(ge)及電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級，以防敷(fu)設(she)錯(cuo)誤。

另外，電(dian)線(xian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)應優先選用(yong)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)推薦的顏色，特別要提的是(shi)黃(huang)/綠雙(shuang)(shuang)色線(xian)芯(xin)，這(zhe)種(zhong)線(xian)一般用(yong)在電(dian)器(qi)產品的電(dian)源線(xian)中(zhong)，這(zhe)條特殊雙(shuang)(shuang)色線(xian)專用(yong)于(yu)接地，對于(yu)黃(huang)/綠搭配(pei)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)也有(you)以下規定：即對每一段長巧~的雙(shuang)(shuang)色絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)一種(zhong)顏色應至少覆蓋絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)表(biao)面的30%，且不大于(yu)70%，而(er)另一種(zhong)顏色則(ze)覆蓋絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)的其(qi)(qi)余部分(fen)，即黃(huang)/綠雙(shuang)(shuang)色應基(ji)本均衡搭配(pei)。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕緣和(he)(he)護(hu)套的厚(hou)(hou)度(du)、最薄(bo)(bo)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)、外形尺(chi)寸等。絕緣和(he)(he)護(hu)套的厚(hou)(hou)度(du)大(da)小對于電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)能(neng)夠耐(nai)受(shou)多大(da)強度(du)的電(dian)(dian)壓，以(yi)及其機械(xie)性能(neng)好壞都(dou)有(you)很(hen)重(zhong)要的作用(yong)，所以(yi)對于不(bu)(bu)同規格(ge)的電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，標準(zhun)(zhun)對厚(hou)(hou)度(du)都(dou)有(you)嚴(yan)格(ge)規定，要求不(bu)(bu)得低于國家標準(zhun)(zhun)的規定值。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕緣厚(hou)(hou)度(du)太(tai)薄(bo)(bo)會嚴(yan)重(zhong)影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的使用(yong)安全，會帶來電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)擊穿、導體裸(luo)露引起漏電(dian)(dian)等安全隱(yin)患，當(dang)然(ran)也不(bu)(bu)是越厚(hou)(hou)越好，應不(bu)(bu)影響(xiang)安裝，故標準(zhun)(zhun)又設了一個外形尺(chi)寸要求對此(ci)進(jin)行限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認(ren)證(zheng)強制(zhi)性認(ren)證(zheng)，是進入國內市場的通行證(zheng)。

2.CB認證有利于產品(pin)出口(kou)用于家(jia)庭、辦公室、車(che)間和類(lei)似場所的直接涉(she)及人身安全的電工產品(pin)，這(zhe)類(lei)產品(pin)在(zai)一部分國(guo)(guo)家(jia)中實(shi)行強(qiang)制性認證，即取(qu)得該國(guo)(guo)的認證合格證書后，才允許出口(kou)到(dao)該國(guo)(guo)，并在(zai)該國(guo)(guo)市場上(shang)銷(xiao)售。即使在(zai)未實(shi)行強(qiang)制性認證的國(guo)(guo)家(jia)中，消費者為了自身的安全，都愿意購買(mai)經過認證而(er)帶有認證標志的產品(pin)。

3.CE認證

是產品(pin)進入歐盟及歐洲貿易自由區國家(jia)市(shi)場的通行(xing)證。獲得認(ren)證并貼(tie)有CE標志的產品(pin)將(jiang)降(jiang)低在歐洲市(shi)場上(shang)銷售的風險：

1）被海(hai)關扣留和查處的(de)風(feng)險(xian);

2）被市(shi)場監督機構查處的風險;

3）同行(xing)出(chu)于(yu)競爭目(mu)的的指控風(feng)險。