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1.電性能檢測

主要有(you)導體(ti)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)、成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗及絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗，每項都(dou)很(hen)重要，導體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)直(zhi)接反映了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性能，直(zhi)接影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜在(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中的溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降、以及運行安(an)全，它主要考查導體(ti)的材(cai)質(zhi)和(he)截面積(ji)，若導體(ti)的材(cai)質(zhi)不(bu)好或截面積(ji)嚴重不(bu)足，就會造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)導體(ti)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)嚴重超標(biao)(biao)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜鋪設在(zai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路中就會增(zeng)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在(zai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路上通過時的損耗，引(yin)起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜導體(ti)本身發(fa)熱，引(yin)起(qi)包(bao)覆導體(ti)的絕(jue)緣(yuan)老(lao)化開裂(lie)，造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路，甚(shen)至造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)火災，危及人身、財產的安(an)全。標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)對不(bu)同規(gui)格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的導體(ti)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)均有(you)嚴格的規(gui)定，不(bu)得大于標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)定的值(zhi)(zhi)。

絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)及(ji)(ji)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，均考查(cha)的(de)(de)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)層(ceng)(ceng)和護(hu)套層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)性能，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻是(shi)檢(jian)測(ce)兩個導體(ti)之間絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，它(ta)應(ying)足夠(gou)大(da)以起到(dao)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)作用(yong)。成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)及(ji)(ji)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)光(guang)要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜有(you)足夠(gou)的(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)能力，還要求絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)或(huo)護(hu)套材(cai)料均勻無雜(za)質、厚度足夠(gou)均勻，表面(mian)不(bu)(bu)能有(you)看不(bu)(bu)見的(de)(de)沙眼(yan)、針(zhen)孔等，否則就會造成耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時局部擊穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主要是考(kao)查絕(jue)緣和護(hu)套(tao)(tao)塑料材料的抗張(zhang)強度(du)、斷(duan)(duan)裂伸長(chang)率，包(bao)括老(lao)化前(qian)(qian)后，還有對于成品軟電纜進行的曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)驗(yan)、彎曲(qu)(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)、荷重斷(duan)(duan)芯(xin)試(shi)驗(yan)、絕(jue)緣線芯(xin)撕裂試(shi)驗(yan)、靜態曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)驗(yan)等。老(lao)化前(qian)(qian)、后抗張(zhang)強度(du)、老(lao)化前(qian)(qian)后斷(duan)(duan)裂伸長(chang)率是電纜絕(jue)緣和護(hu)套(tao)(tao)材料最(zui)(zui)重要最(zui)(zui)基本的指標，要求用作電纜絕(jue)緣和護(hu)套(tao)(tao)的材料，既要有足夠的拉(la)伸強度(du)不容易拉(la)斷(duan)(duan)，又要有一定(ding)的柔韌(ren)性。

老(lao)化(hua)是指在高(gao)溫條件下，絕緣和護套(tao)(tao)材料(liao)(liao)保持其(qi)原有性能的(de)(de)能力(li)，老(lao)化(hua)不應(ying)嚴(yan)重影(ying)響材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)抗張強(qiang)度(du)和伸長(chang)率，這些都將直接(jie)影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用壽命，若抗張強(qiang)度(du)和斷(duan)(duan)裂伸長(chang)率不合格，進行電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)施工安(an)裝時就(jiu)極易出現(xian)護套(tao)(tao)或絕緣體斷(duan)(duan)裂，或在光、熱環境下使(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)纜其(qi)護套(tao)(tao)和絕緣容易變(bian)脆，斷(duan)(duan)裂，致使(shi)(shi)帶電(dian)(dian)導體裸露，發生觸電(dian)(dian)危(wei)險。

另外軟(ruan)電纜(lan)(lan)由(you)于不(bu)是(shi)固定(ding)敷(fu)設，使(shi)用中存在(zai)(zai)反(fan)復拖拉、彎(wan)曲等(deng)情(qing)況(kuang)，所以對于軟(ruan)電纜(lan)(lan)標準又(you)另外規定(ding)了在(zai)(zai)其(qi)成品(pin)電纜(lan)(lan)上加做(zuo)動(dong)態曲撓試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎(wan)曲試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷重(zhong)斷(duan)芯(xin)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)線芯(xin)撕(si)裂試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜態曲撓試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等(deng)，以保證這種(zhong)線纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)(zai)實際使(shi)用中滿(man)足(zu)要求。如動(dong)態曲撓試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)主要考(kao)核軟(ruan)電纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)(zai)受到(dao)(dao)外界的(de)機(ji)械拉伸(shen)和彎(wan)曲等(deng)應力(li)時，軟(ruan)導體的(de)絞合(he)線絲是(shi)否斷(duan)裂而降低電的(de)傳輸性能(neng)，或者刺破絕(jue)緣(yuan)而降低絕(jue)緣(yuan)電氣性能(neng);絕(jue)緣(yuan)在(zai)(zai)受到(dao)(dao)應力(li)作用是(shi)是(shi)否變形(xing)或開(kai)裂而影響電纜(lan)(lan)的(de)電氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)性能(neng)的(de)一種(zhong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方法。

3.絕緣和護套(tao)材料性(xing)能試驗

包括熱(re)失(shi)重、熱(re)沖擊、高溫(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)彎曲、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)拉伸(shen)、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)沖擊、阻燃(ran)性(xing)能等等。這些都是考查(cha)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)和護套的(de)(de)(de)塑料(liao)材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能好(hao)壞，如(ru)熱(re)失(shi)重試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)是檢測經(jing)過7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)(wen)老化(hua)后材料(liao)降解(jie)、揮發的(de)(de)(de)程度;熱(re)沖擊檢測在150℃高溫(wen)(wen)1h后經(jing)特殊卷繞的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)表面是否(fou)有開裂(lie);高溫(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力檢測絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材料(liao)在經(jing)過高溫(wen)(wen)再冷卻后其(qi)(qi)彈性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)保持(chi)程度;所有的(de)(de)(de)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)一般指在-15℃條件下其(qi)(qi)機械性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)，都是檢測線纜材料(liao)在低(di)溫(wen)(wen)環境下是否(fou)變脆、易開裂(lie)或易拉斷等。 另外電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)阻燃(ran)性(xing)能勝能很重要，考查(cha)該項性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)為不延燃(ran)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，即對按標(biao)準安裝的(de)(de)(de)成品電(dian)(dian)纜用專門的(de)(de)(de)火(huo)(huo)焰點燃(ran)一定的(de)(de)(de)時間，待其(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)焰自行熄滅后檢查(cha)線纜被燒(shao)的(de)(de)(de)情況，當(dang)然被燒(shao)掉的(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)越少(shao)越好(hao)，說明其(qi)(qi)燃(ran)燒(shao)性(xing)差，阻燃(ran)性(xing)好(hao)，越安全。

4.標志檢查

標準(zhun)要求電(dian)纜包(bao)裝(zhuang)上應(ying)附(fu)有表(biao)示產品型(xing)(xing)號、規格(ge)、標準(zhun)號、廠(chang)名(ming)和(he)產地的標簽或(huo)標志(zhi)(zhi)，規格(ge)包(bao)括額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓、芯(xin)數和(he)導體標稱截面(mian)(mian)等；電(dian)纜表(biao)面(mian)(mian)應(ying)印(yin)有制造(zao)廠(chang)名(ming)、產品型(xing)(xing)號和(he)額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓的連續標志(zhi)(zhi)，標志(zhi)(zhi)間距要求≤200mm(絕緣(yuan)表(biao)面(mian)(mian))或(huo)≤500mm (護(hu)套表(biao)面(mian)(mian))，標志(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)容(rong)應(ying)齊全(quan)、清晰(xi)、耐擦，這個要求是(shi)方便使(shi)用者了解電(dian)纜的型(xing)(xing)號規格(ge)及(ji)電(dian)壓等級，以防(fang)敷設錯誤(wu)。

另外，電(dian)線(xian)(xian)絕緣線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)應(ying)(ying)優先選用(yong)標(biao)準推(tui)薦的(de)(de)(de)顏色(se)，特(te)別要提的(de)(de)(de)是黃/綠(lv)雙色(se)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，這種線(xian)(xian)一般(ban)用(yong)在電(dian)器產品的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)源線(xian)(xian)中，這條特(te)殊(shu)雙色(se)線(xian)(xian)專用(yong)于接地，對于黃/綠(lv)搭(da)配標(biao)準也有以下(xia)規定：即(ji)對每一段長(chang)巧~的(de)(de)(de)雙色(se)絕緣線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，其中一種顏色(se)應(ying)(ying)至少覆蓋絕緣線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)表面的(de)(de)(de)30%，且不大于70%，而另一種顏色(se)則覆蓋絕緣線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)其余(yu)部分，即(ji)黃/綠(lv)雙色(se)應(ying)(ying)基本均衡搭(da)配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕緣和(he)護套(tao)的(de)厚(hou)(hou)度、最薄(bo)厚(hou)(hou)度、外(wai)(wai)形(xing)尺寸等。絕緣和(he)護套(tao)的(de)厚(hou)(hou)度大小對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)能夠耐受多大強度的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以(yi)及其機(ji)械性能好(hao)壞(huai)都有(you)很(hen)重要的(de)作(zuo)用，所以(yi)對于(yu)不同(tong)規(gui)格的(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，標(biao)準對厚(hou)(hou)度都有(you)嚴格規(gui)定，要求不得低于(yu)國家標(biao)準的(de)規(gui)定值(zhi)。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕緣厚(hou)(hou)度太(tai)薄(bo)會嚴重影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)使用安(an)全，會帶來電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)擊穿、導體裸露引起漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)等安(an)全隱(yin)患，當(dang)然也不是越(yue)厚(hou)(hou)越(yue)好(hao)，應不影響(xiang)安(an)裝，故標(biao)準又設了一個外(wai)(wai)形(xing)尺寸要求對此(ci)進行限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證強制性(xing)認證，是進入國內市場的通行證。

2.CB認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)有利于(yu)產品(pin)出(chu)口用于(yu)家庭、辦公室、車間(jian)和類似場所的(de)直(zhi)接涉及人身(shen)安(an)全(quan)的(de)電工產品(pin)，這類產品(pin)在一部分國家中實行強(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)，即(ji)取得該(gai)國的(de)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)合格證(zheng)書后，才允許出(chu)口到該(gai)國，并在該(gai)國市場上銷售。即(ji)使在未(wei)實行強(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)的(de)國家中，消費者為了自身(shen)的(de)安(an)全(quan)，都愿意購買經過(guo)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)而(er)帶有認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)標(biao)志的(de)產品(pin)。

3.CE認證

是產(chan)品進入歐(ou)盟及歐(ou)洲貿易自由區國家(jia)市場的通行證。獲(huo)得認證并貼有CE標(biao)志的產(chan)品將降低在歐(ou)洲市場上銷售的風(feng)險：

1）被海關扣(kou)留和查處的風險;

2）被(bei)市場監督(du)機(ji)構查處的風險;

3）同行出于競爭目的的指(zhi)控風險。