熱門關(guan)鍵詞：
來(lai)源(yuan)：行業動態 閱讀：115395 發布時間：2019-07-05
1.電性能檢測
主要(yao)有(you)(you)導體(ti)(ti)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)及絕(jue)緣線(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)，每項都(dou)很重要(yao)，導體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)直接反映(ying)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性能，直接影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)行中的(de)(de)(de)溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降、以及運(yun)行安全，它主要(yao)考查導體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)材質(zhi)(zhi)和截面積，若導體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)材質(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)好或截面積嚴重不(bu)足，就會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)導體(ti)(ti)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)嚴重超(chao)標(biao)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)鋪(pu)設在線(xian)路中就會(hui)增(zeng)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在線(xian)路上通過時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)損耗，引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導體(ti)(ti)本身發熱，引起(qi)包(bao)覆導體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣老化開裂，造(zao)成(cheng)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路，甚至造(zao)成(cheng)火災(zai)，危及人身、財產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)安全。標(biao)準(zhun)對不(bu)同規(gui)(gui)格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)導體(ti)(ti)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值均有(you)(you)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定，不(bu)得大于(yu)標(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)值。
絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻、成(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線芯間電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗，均考查的(de)(de)是電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)層和護(hu)套層的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)性能(neng)，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻是檢測兩個導體之間絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材料的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻，它應足(zu)夠大以起到絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)作用。成(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線芯間電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗不(bu)光要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)能(neng)力，還要(yao)求(qiu)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)或(huo)護(hu)套材料均勻(yun)無雜質、厚度足(zu)夠均勻(yun)，表面不(bu)能(neng)有看不(bu)見的(de)(de)沙眼、針(zhen)孔等，否則就會造成(cheng)耐壓(ya)試驗時(shi)局部擊(ji)穿。
2.機械性能檢測
主要是(shi)(shi)考查絕(jue)緣(yuan)和(he)護(hu)套塑料材料的(de)抗(kang)張強度、斷(duan)裂伸(shen)(shen)長率，包括老化前后，還有(you)對于成品軟電纜(lan)(lan)進(jin)行的(de)曲(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、彎曲(qu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、荷重斷(duan)芯試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)線芯撕(si)裂試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、靜態曲(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)等(deng)。老化前、后抗(kang)張強度、老化前后斷(duan)裂伸(shen)(shen)長率是(shi)(shi)電纜(lan)(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)和(he)護(hu)套材料最(zui)重要最(zui)基本的(de)指標(biao)，要求用作(zuo)電纜(lan)(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)和(he)護(hu)套的(de)材料，既要有(you)足夠的(de)拉伸(shen)(shen)強度不容(rong)易拉斷(duan)，又(you)要有(you)一定(ding)的(de)柔韌(ren)性。
老(lao)化是指在(zai)高溫條件下，絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和護套材料保持(chi)其原有(you)性能(neng)的(de)能(neng)力，老(lao)化不應嚴重影(ying)響材料的(de)抗張強(qiang)度和伸長(chang)(chang)率，這些都將直接影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用壽命，若抗張強(qiang)度和斷(duan)(duan)裂伸長(chang)(chang)率不合格，進行電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)施工安裝時就極易出現護套或絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)體斷(duan)(duan)裂，或在(zai)光、熱環境(jing)下使(shi)(shi)(shi)用的(de)電(dian)(dian)纜其護套和絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)容易變脆，斷(duan)(duan)裂，致使(shi)(shi)(shi)帶電(dian)(dian)導體裸露，發生觸電(dian)(dian)危險(xian)。
另外軟電(dian)纜由于不是固定敷設，使用中存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)反(fan)復拖拉(la)、彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)情況(kuang)，所以(yi)對于軟電(dian)纜標準又另外規定了在(zai)(zai)(zai)其成品(pin)電(dian)纜上加做動態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、荷重(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)芯試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)(jue)緣線芯撕裂試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、靜態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)，以(yi)保證(zheng)這種線纜在(zai)(zai)(zai)實際使用中滿(man)足要求。如動態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)主要考核軟電(dian)纜在(zai)(zai)(zai)受(shou)到(dao)外界的(de)(de)機械(xie)拉(la)伸和彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)應力時，軟導(dao)體的(de)(de)絞(jiao)合線絲是否(fou)斷(duan)(duan)裂而(er)(er)降低電(dian)的(de)(de)傳輸性能，或者刺破(po)絕(jue)(jue)緣而(er)(er)降低絕(jue)(jue)緣電(dian)氣(qi)性能;絕(jue)(jue)緣在(zai)(zai)(zai)受(shou)到(dao)應力作用是是否(fou)變形或開(kai)裂而(er)(er)影響電(dian)纜的(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)絕(jue)(jue)緣性能的(de)(de)一(yi)種試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)方法。
3.絕緣和(he)護套材(cai)料(liao)性(xing)能試驗
包括熱(re)失重、熱(re)沖擊、高溫壓(ya)力(li)、低(di)溫彎曲、低(di)溫拉伸(shen)、低(di)溫沖擊、阻(zu)燃(ran)(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)等(deng)等(deng)。這些都是考查絕(jue)(jue)緣和護套的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)好(hao)壞，如熱(re)失重試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)是檢(jian)測經過7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高溫老化后(hou)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)降解、揮發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度(du)(du);熱(re)沖擊檢(jian)測在(zai)150℃高溫1h后(hou)經特殊卷繞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣表面是否有開裂;高溫壓(ya)力(li)檢(jian)測絕(jue)(jue)緣材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)經過高溫再冷卻(que)后(hou)其(qi)(qi)彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保持程度(du)(du);所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)溫試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)一般指(zhi)在(zai)-15℃條件下其(qi)(qi)機(ji)械(xie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化，都是檢(jian)測線(xian)纜(lan)(lan)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)低(di)溫環境下是否變(bian)(bian)脆、易(yi)開裂或易(yi)拉斷(duan)等(deng)。 另外(wai)電纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)燃(ran)(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)勝能(neng)(neng)很重要，考查該項性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)為(wei)不延燃(ran)(ran)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，即(ji)對按標準(zhun)安裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成品電纜(lan)(lan)用專門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火(huo)焰(yan)點(dian)燃(ran)(ran)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間，待其(qi)(qi)火(huo)焰(yan)自行熄(xi)滅后(hou)檢(jian)查線(xian)纜(lan)(lan)被燒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，當然被燒掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)越少越好(hao)，說(shuo)明其(qi)(qi)燃(ran)(ran)燒性(xing)(xing)(xing)差(cha)，阻(zu)燃(ran)(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)，越安全(quan)。
4.標志檢查
標(biao)(biao)準要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)電(dian)(dian)纜包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)上應(ying)附有表(biao)示(shi)產品型(xing)號(hao)(hao)、規格、標(biao)(biao)準號(hao)(hao)、廠名和(he)產地的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)簽或(huo)標(biao)(biao)志，規格包(bao)(bao)括額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、芯數和(he)導(dao)體標(biao)(biao)稱截面等；電(dian)(dian)纜表(biao)面應(ying)印有制造廠名、產品型(xing)號(hao)(hao)和(he)額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)連續標(biao)(biao)志，標(biao)(biao)志間距(ju)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)≤200mm(絕緣(yuan)表(biao)面)或(huo)≤500mm (護套(tao)表(biao)面)，標(biao)(biao)志內容應(ying)齊(qi)全、清晰、耐擦，這個要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)是方便使用(yong)者(zhe)了解電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)型(xing)號(hao)(hao)規格及電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級，以防敷設錯誤(wu)。
另(ling)外，電線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)應優(you)先選用標準推薦的顏色(se)，特(te)別要提的是黃/綠雙(shuang)色(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)，這種(zhong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)般(ban)用在電器產品(pin)的電源線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)，這條特(te)殊雙(shuang)色(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)專(zhuan)用于(yu)接地(di)，對(dui)于(yu)黃/綠搭(da)配標準也有以下規(gui)定：即(ji)對(dui)每一(yi)段長巧~的雙(shuang)色(se)絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)，其中(zhong)一(yi)種(zhong)顏色(se)應至少覆蓋絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)表面的30%，且不(bu)大于(yu)70%，而另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)顏色(se)則覆蓋絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)的其余部分，即(ji)黃/綠雙(shuang)色(se)應基本均衡搭(da)配。
5.結構尺寸檢測
包(bao)括絕(jue)緣和(he)護(hu)套(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度、最薄(bo)(bo)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度、外(wai)形尺寸等。絕(jue)緣和(he)護(hu)套(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度大(da)(da)小對于電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)能(neng)夠耐(nai)受多大(da)(da)強度的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，以及其(qi)機(ji)械性能(neng)好壞都(dou)有很重要(yao)的(de)(de)作用(yong)，所(suo)以對于不(bu)(bu)同規格的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，標準(zhun)對厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度都(dou)有嚴格規定，要(yao)求不(bu)(bu)得低于國家標準(zhun)的(de)(de)規定值(zhi)。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)絕(jue)緣厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度太薄(bo)(bo)會嚴重影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)使用(yong)安全(quan)，會帶來電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)擊穿(chuan)、導體裸露引起漏電(dian)(dian)等安全(quan)隱患，當然也不(bu)(bu)是越厚(hou)(hou)(hou)越好，應不(bu)(bu)影(ying)響安裝(zhuang)，故(gu)標準(zhun)又設了一個外(wai)形尺寸要(yao)求對此進行限制。
常見的認證標志
1.CCC認證強(qiang)制性認證，是進入國內(nei)市場的通行證。
2.CB認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)有利于產品出(chu)口(kou)(kou)用(yong)于家(jia)庭、辦公室、車(che)間和類(lei)似(si)場所(suo)的(de)(de)直接(jie)涉及(ji)人身安(an)全的(de)(de)電工產品，這類(lei)產品在(zai)一部分國(guo)家(jia)中實行強(qiang)制(zhi)性認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)，即取得該(gai)國(guo)的(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)合格證(zheng)書后(hou)，才(cai)允(yun)許出(chu)口(kou)(kou)到該(gai)國(guo)，并在(zai)該(gai)國(guo)市場上銷售。即使在(zai)未實行強(qiang)制(zhi)性認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)的(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)中，消費(fei)者為了自身的(de)(de)安(an)全，都(dou)愿(yuan)意購買經過認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)而帶有認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)標志的(de)(de)產品。
3.CE認證
是產品(pin)進入歐盟及歐洲(zhou)貿易自由區國家(jia)市(shi)場的通行證(zheng)。獲得認證(zheng)并貼(tie)有CE標志(zhi)的產品(pin)將降低(di)在歐洲(zhou)市(shi)場上銷售的風險：
1）被(bei)海(hai)關扣留和查(cha)處的風險;
2）被市場監(jian)督機構查處(chu)的風險;
3）同(tong)行出于競爭目的的指控(kong)風險。
