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不合格電線(xian)電纜的(de)危(wei)害(hai)

電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)是用于傳輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)力、傳輸(shu)信息和(he)實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)換的一大類電(dian)(dian)工產品。在抽查(cha)過程中，發現了(le)大量(liang)(liang)的不合格(ge)產品，這些劣質產品給電(dian)(dian)力系統正(zheng)常運行(xing)埋下(xia)諸(zhu)多隱患。

1、標(biao)(biao)志不合格的(de)電(dian)線電(dian)纜(lan)。標(biao)(biao)志是(shi)電(dian)線電(dian)纜(lan)使用識別(bie)(bie)產(chan)(chan)品基(ji)本信息的(de)主要(yao)途徑，根據標(biao)(biao)準規定標(biao)(biao)志的(de)主要(yao)內(nei)容是(shi)：產(chan)(chan)品型(xing)號、規格、標(biao)(biao)準號、廠(chang)名、產(chan)(chan)地(di)等(deng)在(zai)一定的(de)標(biao)(biao)示間距內(nei)，當標(biao)(biao)志不合格時，會造成施工(gong)人員識別(bie)(bie)錯誤，嚴(yan)重(zhong)時會引(yin)發電(dian)氣事故。

2、結(jie)構尺(chi)寸(cun)不合格的(de)(de)電(dian)線電(dian)纜。結(jie)構尺(chi)寸(cun)的(de)(de)主要問(wen)題是護套厚(hou)度，絕(jue)緣(yuan)厚(hou)度，當電(dian)纜的(de)(de)護套和絕(jue)緣(yuan)厚(hou)度不達標時(shi)，致使(shi)電(dian)線電(dian)纜耐電(dian)氣強度會嚴(yan)重降(jiang)低(di)，導致電(dian)線電(dian)纜的(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命縮短，嚴(yan)重時(shi)可導致電(dian)線電(dian)纜被擊穿(chuan)，絕(jue)緣(yuan)（護套）層起不到(dao)正(zheng)常保護作用，從(cong)而發生電(dian)氣短路和火災等(deng)現象。

3、護套式絕(jue)緣(yuan)老(lao)(lao)化前的(de)抗(kang)(kang)張(zhang)強度(du)、伸長率(lv)(lv)合格的(de)電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜。絕(jue)緣(yuan)護套老(lao)(lao)化前的(de)抗(kang)(kang)張(zhang)強度(du)、伸長率(lv)(lv)不(bu)(bu)合格直接大大縮短電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)工(gong)作用(yong)壽命，而(er)且在施工(gong)或在長時間通電(dian)(dian)且溫度(du)較高的(de)環境中，極易(yi)出現絕(jue)緣(yuan)體斷(duan)裂，致使帶電(dian)(dian)導體裸露，發生(sheng)能觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)式短路(lu)危險。其(qi)不(bu)(bu)合格的(de)主(zhu)要原(yuan)因是(shi)使用(yong)了再(zai)生(sheng)料生(sheng)產(chan)，以(yi)降低產(chan)品成(cheng)本，二是(shi)不(bu)(bu)具備生(sheng)產(chan)資格小型企(qi)業。

4、導(dao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)不(bu)合格的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)。導(dao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)主要(yao)(yao)是考核電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)材料(liao)以及截(jie)面(mian)(mian)是否符合的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)指(zhi)標。當導(dao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)超標時，就增大(da)了電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)線(xian)(xian)路上通(tong)過(guo)時的(de)(de)損(sun)耗，加(jia)劇了電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)發熱。導(dao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)不(bu)合格的(de)(de)原(yuan)因，主要(yao)(yao)進企業(ye)為(wei)了降低成本，將(jiang)占原(yuan)材料(liao)成本80%的(de)(de)銅(tong)材縮水，要(yao)(yao)么降低導(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)截(jie)面(mian)(mian)積，要(yao)(yao)么使(shi)(shi)用(yong)含雜質(zhi)過(guo)高的(de)(de)再生銅(tong)，這樣致使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)嚴重(zhong)超標，在(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)過(guo)程中(zhong)除易引發火(huo)災，還會加(jia)速(su)包覆在(zai)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)外的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣層的(de)(de)老(lao)化。

在購(gou)買電(dian)線電(dian)纜(lan)的過程中，消費者應注意以下幾(ji)個事(shi)

第一(yi)、要觀察電線的外觀。合格產品的絕緣(yuan)（護套）層(ceng)柔軟、有(you)韌(ren)性和伸縮性、表面層(ceng)緊密、光滑、無粗糙感(gan)。如果包裹電線的塑料(liao)很容易被剝去，則存在塑料(liao)強度不(bu)夠的問題。

第二、要(yao)看電線的(de)截面(mian)。合格產品(pin)的(de)銅芯(xin)或(huo)鋁(lv)芯(xin)表面(mian)應該具有(you)金屬光澤，表面(mian)發黑的(de)銅或(huo)表面(mian)發白(bai)的(de)鋁(lv)說(shuo)明已被氧化。

第(di)三(san)、在購(gou)買電線時(shi)應(ying)(ying)注意查看質量(liang)(liang)合(he)格(ge)(ge)證(zheng)書。如果電線的質量(liang)(liang)合(he)格(ge)(ge)，那么其電線質量(liang)(liang)應(ying)(ying)該也受過檢(jian)驗，不(bu)會有太大(da)的問題(ti)。

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