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電力電纜

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)是(shi)用于傳(chuan)輸(shu)和(he)分配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)常用于城市(shi)地下(xia)(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站引出線路、工礦企業內部供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)過江海水下(xia)(xia)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)線路中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)所(suo)占比重正逐漸增(zeng)加。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)是(shi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)的主干線路中用以(yi)傳(chuan)輸(shu)和(he)分配大功率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)產品(pin)，包(bao)括1-500KV以(yi)及(ji)以(yi)上(shang)各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級(ji)，各(ge)種絕緣的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。

中文名

電力電纜

基本簡介

電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜的使用至今(jin)已(yi)有(you)百年(nian)

主要分類

分(fen)類：按電壓等級分(fen)

簡介：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)使用至今(jin)已有百余年(nian)(nian)歷史(shi)。1879年(nian)(nian)，美國(guo)發(fa)明(ming)家T.A.愛迪生在(zai)(zai)銅棒上包繞黃(huang)麻并將其穿入鐵管內，然后填充(chong)瀝(li)(li)青混(hun)合物制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。他將此電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)敷設于紐約，開創(chuang)了(le)地下(xia)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)。次年(nian)(nian)，英(ying)國(guo)人(ren)卡(ka)倫德(de)發(fa)明(ming)瀝(li)(li)青浸(jin)漬紙絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。1889年(nian)(nian)，英(ying)國(guo)人(ren)S.Z.費蘭梯在(zai)(zai)倫敦與德(de)特福德(de)之間敷設了(le)10千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)油浸(jin)紙絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。1908年(nian)(nian)，英(ying)國(guo)建成(cheng)(cheng)20千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)網。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)得(de)到越來越廣(guang)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用。1911年(nian)(nian)，德(de)國(guo)敷設成(cheng)(cheng)60千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)，開始了(le)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。1913年(nian)(nian)，德(de)國(guo)人(ren)M.霍希(xi)施泰(tai)特研(yan)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)分相屏(ping)蔽電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan),改善了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)內部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場分布,消除了(le)絕緣表面的(de)(de)(de)正切應(ying)力(li)(li)，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)中的(de)(de)(de)里程碑。1952年(nian)(nian)，瑞(rui)典在(zai)(zai)北部(bu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠敷設了(le)380千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)超高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan),實現了(le)超高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用。到80年(nian)(nian)代已制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)1100千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)、1200千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)的(de)(de)(de)特高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。

分類：按電壓等級分

按(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等級可分(fen)為中、低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（35千(qian)伏及以(yi)(yi)下）、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(110千(qian)伏以(yi)(yi)上)、超高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（275～800千(qian)伏）以(yi)(yi)及特高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（1000千(qian)伏及以(yi)(yi)上）。此外，還(huan)可按(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)制分(fen)為交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)和直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。

按(an)絕緣(yuan)材料分(fen)

1、油(you)浸(jin)紙(zhi)(zhi)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜以(yi)油(you)浸(jin)紙(zhi)(zhi)作絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜。其應用歷史(shi)最(zui)長(chang)。它安全可靠，使(shi)用壽(shou)命長(chang)，價格低(di)廉。主要缺點是敷設受落(luo)差(cha)限制。自(zi)從(cong)開發出不滴流浸(jin)紙(zhi)(zhi)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后(hou)，解決了(le)落(luo)差(cha)限制問題，使(shi)油(you)浸(jin)紙(zhi)(zhi)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)纜得(de)以(yi)繼續廣泛應用。

2、塑料絕緣電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜(lan) 　絕緣層為擠(ji)壓(ya)(ya)塑料的(de)(de)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜(lan)。常用的(de)(de)塑料有聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)、聚(ju)乙烯(xi)、交聯聚(ju)乙烯(xi)。塑料電(dian)纜(lan)結構簡單,制造加工方便，重量輕，敷(fu)設(she)安裝方便,不(bu)受敷(fu)設(she)落差限制。因此廣泛應用作中低壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)纜(lan)，并有取代粘性浸(jin)漬油紙電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)趨勢。其最大缺點是存(cun)在樹枝化(hua)擊穿現象，這限制了它在更高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)使用。

3、橡皮絕(jue)緣電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)　絕(jue)緣層為橡膠加上各(ge)種(zhong)配合(he)劑(ji)，經過(guo)充(chong)分混煉后擠包在(zai)導電(dian)線芯上，經過(guo)加溫(wen)硫化而成。它柔軟，富有彈性，適合(he)于移動(dong)頻繁(fan)、敷設(she)彎曲半(ban)徑小的場合(he)。

常用(yong)作絕緣的膠(jiao)料有天然膠(jiao)-丁苯膠(jiao)混合物，乙丙膠(jiao)、丁基膠(jiao)等。

按電壓等級分

1、低壓電(dian)纜：適(shi)用于固定(ding)敷設在交流50Hz，額定(ding)電(dian)壓3kv及(ji)以下(xia)的輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)線路上作輸(shu)送(song)電(dian)能用。

2、中低壓電(dian)纜：（一般指35KV及以(yi)下）：聚(ju)氯乙烯絕緣電(dian)纜，聚(ju)乙烯絕緣電(dian)纜，交聯聚(ju)乙烯絕緣電(dian)纜等。

3、高壓電(dian)纜：（一般(ban)為110KV及以上）：聚乙烯電(dian)纜和交聯(lian)聚乙烯絕緣(yuan)電(dian)纜等。

4、超高壓電纜：（275～800千伏）。

5、特高壓電纜：（1000千伏(fu)及以上）。

基本結構(gou)：電力電纜的基本結構(gou)由線芯（導(dao)體）、絕緣層、屏(ping)蔽層和保護層四(si)部分(fen)組成。

1.線(xian)芯是電力電纜的(de)導電部分，用來輸送電能，是電力電纜的(de)主(zhu)要部分。

2.絕緣層是(shi)將線(xian)芯(xin)與大(da)地以及不(bu)同相的線(xian)芯(xin)間在(zai)電(dian)(dian)氣上彼此隔離，保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)能輸送(song)，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜結(jie)構(gou)中不(bu)可缺(que)少的組成部分。

3.15KV及以(yi)上(shang)的電力電纜(lan)一般都有導體屏蔽層和絕(jue)緣屏蔽層。

4.保護(hu)層(ceng)的(de)(de)作用是保護(hu)電(dian)力電(dian)纜免受外(wai)界(jie)雜質和水分的(de)(de)侵(qin)入，以(yi)及防止(zhi)外(wai)力直接損壞電(dian)力電(dian)纜。

主要優(you)點：

1占地少。一般(ban)埋設于土壤中(zhong)或敷設于室內(nei)，溝道(dao)(dao)，隧道(dao)(dao)中(zhong)，線間絕緣距離小，不用桿塔，占地少，基本不占地面上空間。

2可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)高。受氣候條件(jian)和(he)周圍環境(jing)影響小，傳輸(shu)性(xing)能穩(wen)定(ding)，可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)高。

3具有向超(chao)高壓(ya)，大容量發展(zhan)的更為(wei)有利(li)的條件，如低溫(wen)，超(chao)導(dao)電(dian)力電(dian)纜等。

4分布電容較大。

5維護工作量少。

6電擊可能性小。

型號說明

電力電纜(lan)的(de)型號(hao)

1.用漢語(yu)拼音第一個字(zi)母的大(da)寫(xie)表示絕緣種(zhong)類(lei)、導(dao)體材(cai)料、內護層(ceng)材(cai)料和結(jie)構特(te)點。如用Z代(dai)(dai)表紙（zhi）；L代(dai)(dai)表鋁（lv）；Q代(dai)(dai)表鉛（qian）；F代(dai)(dai)表分相（fen）；ZR代(dai)(dai)表阻燃（zuran）；NH代(dai)(dai)表耐火（naihuo）。

2.用數(shu)字(zi)表(biao)示外(wai)(wai)護(hu)層構成，有二(er)位(wei)數(shu)字(zi)。無數(shu)字(zi)代表(biao)無鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)層，無外(wai)(wai)被層。第一位(wei)數(shu)字(zi)表(biao)示鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)，第二(er)位(wei)數(shu)字(zi)表(biao)示外(wai)(wai)被，如(ru)粗(cu)鋼絲鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)纖維外(wai)(wai)被表(biao)示為41。

3.電纜型號(hao)按電纜結構的排列一般(ban)依次序為：絕緣材(cai)料；導體材(cai)料；內(nei)護層；外護層。

4.電纜產品用型號(hao)、額定(ding)(ding)電壓和規格表示。其方法是(shi)在型號(hao)后再加上說明額定(ding)(ding)電壓、芯數和標稱截面積的。

型號詳細(xi)說明

（1）類別：H——市內(nei)通信電(dian)纜(lan)HP——配線電(dian)纜(lan)HJ——局用電(dian)纜(lan)

（2）絕緣：Y——聚(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)絕緣YF——泡(pao)沫聚(ju)(ju)烯(xi)烴(jing)絕緣YP——泡(pao)沫/實(shi)心(xin)皮聚(ju)(ju)烯(xi)烴(jing)絕緣

（3）內(nei)護層(ceng)：A——涂塑鋁帶(dai)粘接屏(ping)蔽聚(ju)乙烯(xi)護套S——鋁，鋼雙層(ceng)金(jin)屬帶(dai)屏(ping)蔽聚(ju)乙烯(xi)護套      V——聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)護套

（4）特征：T——石油膏填充G——高頻隔離(li)C——自承(cheng)式

（5）外(wai)護層(ceng)：23——雙(shuang)層(ceng)防腐鋼帶繞包銷裝聚乙烯外(wai)被(bei)層(ceng)

33——單層(ceng)細鋼絲鎧裝聚乙烯被層(ceng)

43——單層(ceng)粗(cu)鋼絲鎧裝聚乙烯(xi)被層(ceng)

53——單層鋼(gang)帶皺紋縱包鎧裝(zhuang)聚乙烯外被層

553——雙層鋼帶皺紋縱(zong)包(bao)鎧(kai)裝聚乙烯(xi)外(wai)被層

2） BV 銅芯聚氯乙烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)線(xian)；BLV 鋁芯聚氯乙烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)線(xian)；

BVV 銅芯聚(ju)氯(lv)(lv)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)烯絕緣聚(ju)氯(lv)(lv)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)烯護套電(dian)線；BLVV 鋁芯聚(ju)氯(lv)(lv)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)烯絕緣聚(ju)氯(lv)(lv)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)烯護套電(dian)線；

BVR 銅(tong)芯(xin)聚氯乙烯(xi)絕緣軟線；RV 銅(tong)芯(xin)聚氯乙烯(xi)絕緣安裝軟線；

RVB 銅芯(xin)聚(ju)氯(lv)(lv)乙烯絕緣平型連接(jie)線軟(ruan)線；BVS 銅芯(xin)聚(ju)氯(lv)(lv)乙烯絕緣絞(jiao)型軟(ruan)線；

RVV 銅芯聚(ju)氯乙烯絕緣聚(ju)氯乙烯護套軟線；BYR 聚(ju)乙烯絕緣軟電線；

BYVR 聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)絕緣聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯(xi)護套軟(ruan)線；RY 聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)絕緣軟(ruan)線；

RYV 聚乙(yi)烯(xi)絕緣聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)護(hu)套軟(ruan)線

3）WD：無鹵低煙型ZR: 阻燃(ran)型NH：耐(nai)火(huo)(huo)型DH：防火(huo)(huo)型