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1.電性能檢測

主要有導(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)及絕緣線芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)，每(mei)項都很重(zhong)要，導(dao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻直(zhi)接反映(ying)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性能，直(zhi)接影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中的(de)(de)溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降、以及運行安(an)全(quan)，它主要考查導(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)材質和截(jie)面積，若導(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)材質不(bu)(bu)好或截(jie)面積嚴重(zhong)不(bu)(bu)足，就(jiu)會(hui)造成導(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻嚴重(zhong)超標，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)鋪設在(zai)線路(lu)(lu)中就(jiu)會(hui)增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在(zai)線路(lu)(lu)上通過時(shi)的(de)(de)損(sun)耗(hao)，引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)本身發熱，引(yin)起包覆導(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)絕緣老化開裂，造成供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路(lu)(lu)，甚至造成火(huo)災，危及人身、財產的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)。標準對不(bu)(bu)同規格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)均(jun)有嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)規定(ding)，不(bu)(bu)得大于標準規定(ding)的(de)(de)值(zhi)。

絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)、成(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯間(jian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)，均考(kao)查的(de)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)層和護套層的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性能，絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)是(shi)檢測兩個導體(ti)之間(jian)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材料的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，它應足夠(gou)(gou)大(da)以起(qi)到絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)保護作用(yong)。成(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯間(jian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)不光要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)纜有足夠(gou)(gou)的(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)能力，還要(yao)求(qiu)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)或護套材料均勻無雜質(zhi)、厚度足夠(gou)(gou)均勻，表面不能有看不見的(de)沙眼、針孔等(deng)，否則就會造成(cheng)耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)時局部擊穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主(zhu)要是(shi)考(kao)查絕(jue)緣和(he)護套(tao)塑料(liao)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)抗(kang)張強度(du)、斷裂伸(shen)長率，包括老(lao)化(hua)前后(hou)，還(huan)有對于(yu)成品軟電纜進行的(de)(de)曲撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)、彎曲試(shi)驗(yan)、荷重斷芯(xin)試(shi)驗(yan)、絕(jue)緣線芯(xin)撕裂試(shi)驗(yan)、靜態曲撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)等。老(lao)化(hua)前、后(hou)抗(kang)張強度(du)、老(lao)化(hua)前后(hou)斷裂伸(shen)長率是(shi)電纜絕(jue)緣和(he)護套(tao)材(cai)料(liao)最重要最基本(ben)的(de)(de)指(zhi)標(biao)，要求用作電纜絕(jue)緣和(he)護套(tao)的(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)，既(ji)要有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)拉伸(shen)強度(du)不容(rong)易拉斷，又(you)要有一定的(de)(de)柔韌(ren)性。

老化(hua)是指在(zai)高溫條件下，絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護套材(cai)料(liao)保持(chi)其原有性能的能力，老化(hua)不應嚴重(zhong)影響材(cai)料(liao)的抗張(zhang)強(qiang)度和伸(shen)長率，這些都將(jiang)直接影響電(dian)纜(lan)的使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命，若抗張(zhang)強(qiang)度和斷(duan)裂伸(shen)長率不合格，進行電(dian)纜(lan)的施(shi)工(gong)安裝時(shi)就(jiu)極易(yi)出(chu)現護套或絕(jue)緣(yuan)體(ti)斷(duan)裂，或在(zai)光(guang)、熱環境下使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的電(dian)纜(lan)其護套和絕(jue)緣(yuan)容易(yi)變脆，斷(duan)裂，致使(shi)(shi)帶(dai)電(dian)導體(ti)裸露，發生觸(chu)電(dian)危險(xian)。

另(ling)外軟(ruan)(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜由于不是(shi)(shi)(shi)固定(ding)敷設(she)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中存(cun)在(zai)反(fan)復拖拉(la)、彎(wan)曲(qu)等(deng)情(qing)況，所以(yi)對于軟(ruan)(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜標準又另(ling)外規定(ding)了在(zai)其成品電(dian)(dian)纜上加做(zuo)動態(tai)曲(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、彎(wan)曲(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、荷重斷芯試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)線芯撕裂試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、靜態(tai)曲(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)，以(yi)保證這種(zhong)線纜在(zai)實際使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中滿足要求。如動態(tai)曲(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)主要考核軟(ruan)(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜在(zai)受到外界的(de)(de)機械拉(la)伸和彎(wan)曲(qu)等(deng)應(ying)力時，軟(ruan)(ruan)導體的(de)(de)絞合線絲是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)斷裂而(er)(er)降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸性能(neng)(neng)，或(huo)者(zhe)刺(ci)破(po)絕(jue)緣(yuan)而(er)(er)降(jiang)低(di)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)氣性能(neng)(neng);絕(jue)緣(yuan)在(zai)受到應(ying)力作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)變形(xing)或(huo)開裂而(er)(er)影響電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)性能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)一種(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)方法。

3.絕緣(yuan)和護套(tao)材料性(xing)能試(shi)驗

包括(kuo)熱失重、熱沖擊(ji)、高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)彎曲、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)拉(la)伸、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)沖擊(ji)、阻(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)等(deng)等(deng)。這些都(dou)是考查絕緣(yuan)(yuan)和護套(tao)的(de)(de)塑料材(cai)料的(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)好(hao)壞，如熱失重試(shi)驗是檢(jian)測(ce)經(jing)(jing)過7天80℃的(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)老(lao)化后(hou)材(cai)料降解、揮發(fa)的(de)(de)程度;熱沖擊(ji)檢(jian)測(ce)在(zai)150℃高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后(hou)經(jing)(jing)特殊卷繞的(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)表面(mian)是否有(you)(you)開(kai)裂;高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力檢(jian)測(ce)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料在(zai)經(jing)(jing)過高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)再冷卻后(hou)其(qi)彈性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)保持程度;所有(you)(you)的(de)(de)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)驗一(yi)般指在(zai)-15℃條件下(xia)其(qi)機械(xie)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)變化，都(dou)是檢(jian)測(ce)線(xian)纜材(cai)料在(zai)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)環境下(xia)是否變脆、易開(kai)裂或(huo)易拉(la)斷等(deng)。 另(ling)外電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)阻(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)勝能(neng)(neng)很(hen)重要，考查該項性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)試(shi)驗為(wei)不(bu)延燃(ran)試(shi)驗，即對按標準安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)成品電(dian)(dian)纜用(yong)專門的(de)(de)火(huo)焰(yan)點燃(ran)一(yi)定的(de)(de)時間，待(dai)其(qi)火(huo)焰(yan)自行熄滅(mie)后(hou)檢(jian)查線(xian)纜被(bei)燒的(de)(de)情(qing)況，當然被(bei)燒掉的(de)(de)部(bu)分越(yue)少(shao)越(yue)好(hao)，說明其(qi)燃(ran)燒性(xing)(xing)差(cha)，阻(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)好(hao)，越(yue)安(an)(an)全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)(biao)準要求(qiu)電(dian)纜包裝上應(ying)(ying)附有(you)表示產(chan)品型(xing)號(hao)、規(gui)格、標(biao)(biao)準號(hao)、廠名和產(chan)地的標(biao)(biao)簽或(huo)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，規(gui)格包括(kuo)額定電(dian)壓(ya)、芯數和導體標(biao)(biao)稱截面(mian)等；電(dian)纜表面(mian)應(ying)(ying)印有(you)制(zhi)造廠名、產(chan)品型(xing)號(hao)和額定電(dian)壓(ya)的連續(xu)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)間距要求(qiu)≤200mm(絕緣表面(mian))或(huo)≤500mm (護套表面(mian))，標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)內容(rong)應(ying)(ying)齊全、清晰、耐擦，這個要求(qiu)是方便使用者(zhe)了解電(dian)纜的型(xing)號(hao)規(gui)格及電(dian)壓(ya)等級(ji)，以防敷設錯(cuo)誤(wu)。

另外，電線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)應優先選用(yong)標準推薦(jian)的(de)(de)(de)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)，特別要提(ti)的(de)(de)(de)是黃(huang)/綠(lv)雙色(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，這種(zhong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)般用(yong)在電器(qi)產品的(de)(de)(de)電源線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)，這條特殊雙色(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)專用(yong)于(yu)接地，對于(yu)黃(huang)/綠(lv)搭(da)(da)配(pei)標準也有以下規定：即(ji)對每一(yi)段長巧~的(de)(de)(de)雙色(se)(se)絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，其中(zhong)一(yi)種(zhong)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)應至少(shao)覆蓋絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)表面的(de)(de)(de)30%，且不大于(yu)70%，而另一(yi)種(zhong)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)則覆蓋絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)其余部(bu)分，即(ji)黃(huang)/綠(lv)雙色(se)(se)應基本均衡搭(da)(da)配(pei)。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括(kuo)絕(jue)緣和護套的厚(hou)度、最薄厚(hou)度、外(wai)形尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)等(deng)。絕(jue)緣和護套的厚(hou)度大小對(dui)于(yu)電(dian)纜能夠耐受多大強(qiang)度的電(dian)壓，以及其機械(xie)性能好(hao)壞都有(you)很重要的作用，所(suo)以對(dui)于(yu)不同規(gui)(gui)格(ge)的電(dian)纜，標(biao)準對(dui)厚(hou)度都有(you)嚴(yan)格(ge)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)，要求不得(de)低于(yu)國家標(biao)準的規(gui)(gui)定(ding)值。電(dian)纜絕(jue)緣厚(hou)度太薄會嚴(yan)重影響電(dian)纜的使用安全(quan)，會帶來電(dian)纜擊穿、導(dao)體裸露(lu)引起(qi)漏電(dian)等(deng)安全(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)，當然也不是越厚(hou)越好(hao)，應不影響安裝，故標(biao)準又設了一(yi)個外(wai)形尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)要求對(dui)此進行限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證強制性認證，是(shi)進入國內市場的通行(xing)證。

2.CB認(ren)證有(you)利于產(chan)品(pin)出口用于家庭、辦公室、車間(jian)和類似場(chang)所的直接涉(she)及人身安(an)全的電工(gong)產(chan)品(pin)，這類產(chan)品(pin)在(zai)一部(bu)分國(guo)家中實行強制(zhi)性認(ren)證，即(ji)取得(de)該(gai)國(guo)的認(ren)證合格證書后(hou)，才(cai)允許(xu)出口到該(gai)國(guo)，并在(zai)該(gai)國(guo)市場(chang)上銷售(shou)。即(ji)使在(zai)未實行強制(zhi)性認(ren)證的國(guo)家中，消費者為了自身的安(an)全，都愿意購買經過認(ren)證而帶有(you)認(ren)證標志的產(chan)品(pin)。

3.CE認證

是產品進(jin)入歐(ou)盟及歐(ou)洲貿(mao)易自由區國家市場的通(tong)行證(zheng)(zheng)。獲得認證(zheng)(zheng)并(bing)貼有(you)CE標志的產品將降(jiang)低在歐(ou)洲市場上(shang)銷(xiao)售的風險(xian)：

1）被(bei)海關扣(kou)留和查處的(de)風(feng)險;

2）被市場(chang)監(jian)督機構查處的風險;

3）同(tong)行出于競(jing)爭目的的指控風(feng)險(xian)。