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1.電性能檢測

主要(yao)有(you)導體直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗及(ji)絕緣線(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗，每項都很重要(yao)，導體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻直接(jie)反映了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性能，直接(jie)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜在通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中(zhong)的(de)溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降、以及(ji)運行安(an)全，它主要(yao)考查導體的(de)材(cai)質和截(jie)面積(ji)，若導體的(de)材(cai)質不好(hao)或截(jie)面積(ji)嚴(yan)重不足，就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)造(zao)成導體直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻嚴(yan)重超標(biao)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜鋪設(she)在線(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在線(xian)路(lu)上(shang)通過時的(de)損耗，引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜導體本身發熱，引起包覆導體的(de)絕緣老(lao)化開(kai)裂，造(zao)成供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短(duan)路(lu)，甚(shen)至造(zao)成火災(zai)，危及(ji)人身、財產的(de)安(an)全。標(biao)準(zhun)對(dui)不同規(gui)(gui)格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)導體直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)均有(you)嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)規(gui)(gui)定，不得大于標(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)(gui)定的(de)值(zhi)。

絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成(cheng)品(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，均(jun)考查的(de)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)和護套層(ceng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性能，絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻是(shi)檢(jian)測兩個(ge)導體之間絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，它應足夠(gou)大以起(qi)到絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護作用(yong)。成(cheng)品(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)不光要(yao)求電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜有足夠(gou)的(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能力，還要(yao)求絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或護套材(cai)料均(jun)勻無雜(za)質、厚度足夠(gou)均(jun)勻，表面不能有看不見的(de)沙(sha)眼、針孔(kong)等，否則就(jiu)會造(zao)成(cheng)耐壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時局部擊穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)是考(kao)查絕緣(yuan)和護套(tao)塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)抗張(zhang)強(qiang)度、斷裂伸(shen)長(chang)率，包括(kuo)老(lao)化前(qian)后，還(huan)有(you)對于(yu)成(cheng)品(pin)軟(ruan)電(dian)纜進(jin)行的(de)(de)曲撓試驗(yan)(yan)、彎曲試驗(yan)(yan)、荷(he)重斷芯試驗(yan)(yan)、絕緣(yuan)線芯撕裂試驗(yan)(yan)、靜態曲撓試驗(yan)(yan)等。老(lao)化前(qian)、后抗張(zhang)強(qiang)度、老(lao)化前(qian)后斷裂伸(shen)長(chang)率是電(dian)纜絕緣(yuan)和護套(tao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)最(zui)(zui)重要(yao)最(zui)(zui)基(ji)本(ben)的(de)(de)指標(biao)，要(yao)求用(yong)作電(dian)纜絕緣(yuan)和護套(tao)的(de)(de)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)，既要(yao)有(you)足(zu)夠的(de)(de)拉(la)伸(shen)強(qiang)度不容(rong)易拉(la)斷，又(you)要(yao)有(you)一定的(de)(de)柔韌性。

老化是指在高溫(wen)條件下，絕緣(yuan)和(he)(he)護(hu)套材料保持(chi)其原(yuan)有性能的(de)能力，老化不應(ying)嚴重影(ying)響材料的(de)抗(kang)張(zhang)強度和(he)(he)伸長率，這些都(dou)將直接影(ying)響電纜(lan)(lan)的(de)使用(yong)壽命，若抗(kang)張(zhang)強度和(he)(he)斷裂(lie)伸長率不合格(ge)，進行電纜(lan)(lan)的(de)施工(gong)安裝時就極(ji)易(yi)(yi)出現護(hu)套或絕緣(yuan)體(ti)斷裂(lie)，或在光、熱環境下使用(yong)的(de)電纜(lan)(lan)其護(hu)套和(he)(he)絕緣(yuan)容易(yi)(yi)變脆，斷裂(lie)，致(zhi)使帶電導體(ti)裸露(lu)，發生觸電危險。

另外軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)由于(yu)不是固定(ding)敷設，使(shi)用中(zhong)存在反復拖拉、彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)等(deng)情況，所(suo)以對于(yu)軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)標(biao)準又另外規定(ding)了(le)在其成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)上加做動態曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)驗(yan)、彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)、荷(he)重斷(duan)芯(xin)試(shi)驗(yan)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)撕裂(lie)(lie)試(shi)驗(yan)、靜態曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)驗(yan)等(deng)，以保證這種線纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)在實際使(shi)用中(zhong)滿足要求。如(ru)動態曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)驗(yan)主要考核軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)在受(shou)到(dao)外界的(de)機械拉伸和彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)等(deng)應力時，軟導體的(de)絞(jiao)合線絲是否斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie)而降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)傳輸性(xing)能，或者刺破絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)而降(jiang)低絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能;絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)在受(shou)到(dao)應力作(zuo)用是是否變形或開(kai)裂(lie)(lie)而影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)能的(de)一種試(shi)驗(yan)方法。

3.絕緣和(he)護套材料(liao)性能試驗

包括(kuo)熱失重、熱沖擊(ji)、高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)彎曲、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)拉伸、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)沖擊(ji)、阻燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)性(xing)能(neng)等(deng)等(deng)。這些都(dou)是(shi)(shi)考(kao)查絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護(hu)套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)塑料(liao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)好壞，如熱失重試驗(yan)是(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)經(jing)過7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)老化后(hou)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)降解、揮(hui)發的(de)(de)(de)程度;熱沖擊(ji)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)在(zai)150℃高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后(hou)經(jing)特殊卷繞的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)表(biao)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)否有開(kai)裂(lie);高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)絕(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)在(zai)經(jing)過高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)再冷卻(que)后(hou)其(qi)彈(dan)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)保持(chi)程度;所有的(de)(de)(de)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試驗(yan)一(yi)般指在(zai)-15℃條件下(xia)其(qi)機(ji)械性(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)變化，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)線纜材(cai)(cai)料(liao)在(zai)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)環境下(xia)是(shi)(shi)否變脆、易(yi)開(kai)裂(lie)或易(yi)拉斷等(deng)。 另外(wai)電(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)阻燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)性(xing)能(neng)勝能(neng)很重要(yao)，考(kao)查該項性(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)試驗(yan)為(wei)不延燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)試驗(yan)，即對按標準安裝的(de)(de)(de)成品電(dian)纜用(yong)專門的(de)(de)(de)火焰(yan)點燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間，待其(qi)火焰(yan)自(zi)行(xing)熄滅(mie)后(hou)檢(jian)(jian)查線纜被燒(shao)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，當然(ran)被燒(shao)掉的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分越(yue)少越(yue)好，說明其(qi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)性(xing)差，阻燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)性(xing)好，越(yue)安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準要(yao)求電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)包(bao)裝(zhuang)上應(ying)(ying)附有表(biao)示產品型號、規格(ge)、標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準號、廠名和產地的標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)簽或標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，規格(ge)包(bao)括額(e)定電(dian)(dian)壓、芯數和導體標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)稱截面(mian)等；電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)表(biao)面(mian)應(ying)(ying)印有制造廠名、產品型號和額(e)定電(dian)(dian)壓的連(lian)續標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)間距要(yao)求≤200mm(絕緣(yuan)表(biao)面(mian))或≤500mm (護套表(biao)面(mian))，標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)內容(rong)應(ying)(ying)齊全、清晰、耐擦，這個要(yao)求是方(fang)便使(shi)用者了(le)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的型號規格(ge)及電(dian)(dian)壓等級，以防敷(fu)設錯誤。

另外，電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯應優先選用標(biao)準(zhun)推薦的顏色，特(te)別要提的是黃/綠雙(shuang)(shuang)色線(xian)(xian)芯，這種(zhong)線(xian)(xian)一般用在電(dian)(dian)器產品的電(dian)(dian)源線(xian)(xian)中，這條特(te)殊(shu)雙(shuang)(shuang)色線(xian)(xian)專用于(yu)接地，對于(yu)黃/綠搭(da)配(pei)標(biao)準(zhun)也有以(yi)下規定：即對每一段長巧~的雙(shuang)(shuang)色絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯，其(qi)(qi)中一種(zhong)顏色應至少覆(fu)蓋絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯表面的30%，且不大于(yu)70%，而另一種(zhong)顏色則(ze)覆(fu)蓋絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯的其(qi)(qi)余部分，即黃/綠雙(shuang)(shuang)色應基本(ben)均衡搭(da)配(pei)。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護(hu)套的厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度、最薄厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度、外(wai)(wai)形尺寸(cun)等(deng)。絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護(hu)套的厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度大小(xiao)對(dui)于電纜(lan)能夠耐受多(duo)大強度的電壓(ya)，以(yi)(yi)及其機械性(xing)能好(hao)壞都有(you)很重要的作用(yong)，所以(yi)(yi)對(dui)于不(bu)同規(gui)(gui)格的電纜(lan)，標(biao)準對(dui)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度都有(you)嚴(yan)格規(gui)(gui)定，要求不(bu)得低(di)于國家標(biao)準的規(gui)(gui)定值(zhi)。電纜(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度太薄會(hui)嚴(yan)重影(ying)響電纜(lan)的使用(yong)安(an)全，會(hui)帶來(lai)電纜(lan)擊穿、導體裸露引起漏電等(deng)安(an)全隱(yin)患，當然也(ye)不(bu)是(shi)越厚(hou)(hou)(hou)越好(hao)，應不(bu)影(ying)響安(an)裝(zhuang)，故標(biao)準又設了一個(ge)外(wai)(wai)形尺寸(cun)要求對(dui)此進行限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證(zheng)強制性認證(zheng)，是進入國內市場的通行(xing)證(zheng)。

2.CB認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)有(you)利于(yu)產品出口(kou)用于(yu)家庭、辦公室(shi)、車間和類似場所(suo)的(de)(de)直接(jie)涉及人身安全的(de)(de)電(dian)工產品，這類產品在(zai)一部(bu)分國(guo)(guo)家中實(shi)行強制性認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)，即取得(de)該國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)合(he)格證(zheng)書后，才允許(xu)出口(kou)到(dao)該國(guo)(guo)，并(bing)在(zai)該國(guo)(guo)市場上銷售。即使在(zai)未實(shi)行強制性認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家中，消(xiao)費(fei)者為(wei)了自身的(de)(de)安全，都愿意購買經過(guo)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)而帶(dai)有(you)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)標(biao)志的(de)(de)產品。

3.CE認證

是產品(pin)進入歐盟及歐洲(zhou)貿(mao)易自由區(qu)國家市場的通行證。獲得認(ren)證并貼有CE標志(zhi)的產品(pin)將降低在歐洲(zhou)市場上銷售(shou)的風險：

1）被海關扣留和查處的風險;

2）被市場監督機構查處的風險;

3）同行出(chu)于競爭目的的指(zhi)控(kong)風險。