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1.電性能檢測

主(zhu)要有導(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)及絕緣線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，每(mei)項(xiang)都(dou)很(hen)重(zhong)(zhong)要，導(dao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)反映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性能，直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜在通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中的(de)(de)溫(wen)度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降、以(yi)及運行安全，它主(zhu)要考(kao)查導(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)材(cai)質和截面積，若導(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)材(cai)質不(bu)好(hao)或截面積嚴重(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)足，就會造(zao)成(cheng)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻嚴重(zhong)(zhong)超標(biao)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜鋪設(she)在線(xian)(xian)路中就會增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在線(xian)(xian)路上通(tong)過時(shi)的(de)(de)損(sun)耗，引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜導(dao)體(ti)(ti)本身發熱，引起包覆(fu)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)絕緣老化(hua)開裂，造(zao)成(cheng)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)路漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路，甚至造(zao)成(cheng)火災，危及人(ren)身、財(cai)產的(de)(de)安全。標(biao)準對不(bu)同規格電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)均有嚴格的(de)(de)規定，不(bu)得大于標(biao)準規定的(de)(de)值(zhi)。

絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)、成(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)及(ji)(ji)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)，均考查的是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)和護(hu)(hu)套層(ceng)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性能，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)是檢測(ce)兩個導體之間絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材料的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，它應足夠(gou)大以起(qi)到絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用。成(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)及(ji)(ji)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)不光要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)有足夠(gou)的絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能力，還要求絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或(huo)護(hu)(hu)套材料均勻無雜質、厚度足夠(gou)均勻，表面不能有看(kan)不見的沙眼(yan)、針孔(kong)等，否(fou)則就會造成(cheng)耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)時局部擊穿(chuan)。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)是考查絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護(hu)套(tao)塑料(liao)材料(liao)的(de)抗(kang)張(zhang)強度、斷(duan)裂伸長率(lv)，包括老化(hua)前(qian)后(hou)，還有對于成(cheng)品軟電(dian)纜(lan)進行的(de)曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)(nao)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、彎曲(qu)(qu)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、荷重斷(duan)芯(xin)(xin)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)(xin)撕(si)裂試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、靜態曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)(nao)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)等。老化(hua)前(qian)、后(hou)抗(kang)張(zhang)強度、老化(hua)前(qian)后(hou)斷(duan)裂伸長率(lv)是電(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護(hu)套(tao)材料(liao)最(zui)(zui)重要(yao)最(zui)(zui)基本的(de)指標(biao)，要(yao)求用作電(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護(hu)套(tao)的(de)材料(liao)，既要(yao)有足夠的(de)拉伸強度不容易(yi)拉斷(duan)，又要(yao)有一定的(de)柔(rou)韌性。

老(lao)化(hua)是指在(zai)高溫條(tiao)件下，絕緣(yuan)和護(hu)(hu)套材料(liao)保持(chi)其原(yuan)有性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)能力，老(lao)化(hua)不應嚴(yan)重影(ying)響材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)抗張(zhang)強(qiang)度和伸長率，這些(xie)都將直接影(ying)響電纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命，若抗張(zhang)強(qiang)度和斷(duan)裂伸長率不合(he)格，進行電纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)安(an)裝時(shi)就(jiu)極易出現(xian)護(hu)(hu)套或絕緣(yuan)體斷(duan)裂，或在(zai)光、熱環境下使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)電纜(lan)其護(hu)(hu)套和絕緣(yuan)容易變脆，斷(duan)裂，致(zhi)使(shi)帶電導(dao)體裸露，發生觸電危險。

另外(wai)(wai)軟(ruan)(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜由(you)于(yu)不是(shi)固定敷設，使(shi)用(yong)中存在(zai)反復拖拉、彎曲等(deng)情(qing)況，所以對于(yu)軟(ruan)(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜標準又另外(wai)(wai)規定了在(zai)其(qi)成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜上加(jia)做動態曲撓(nao)試驗(yan)(yan)、彎曲試驗(yan)(yan)、荷重斷芯試驗(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯撕裂(lie)試驗(yan)(yan)、靜(jing)態曲撓(nao)試驗(yan)(yan)等(deng)，以保證這種(zhong)線(xian)纜在(zai)實際使(shi)用(yong)中滿足要求。如動態曲撓(nao)試驗(yan)(yan)主(zhu)要考(kao)核軟(ruan)(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜在(zai)受到外(wai)(wai)界的(de)機械拉伸和彎曲等(deng)應力時，軟(ruan)(ruan)導體(ti)的(de)絞合線(xian)絲是(shi)否斷裂(lie)而降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)傳(chuan)輸性(xing)能，或(huo)者刺(ci)破絕(jue)緣(yuan)而降低絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能;絕(jue)緣(yuan)在(zai)受到應力作用(yong)是(shi)是(shi)否變形或(huo)開(kai)裂(lie)而影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)性(xing)能的(de)一種(zhong)試驗(yan)(yan)方法。

3.絕緣(yuan)和護套材(cai)料(liao)性能試(shi)驗

包括熱失重(zhong)、熱沖擊、高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力(li)、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)彎(wan)曲(qu)、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)拉伸、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)沖擊、阻(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)能(neng)等等。這些都是(shi)考(kao)查(cha)絕緣和護套的(de)塑料材(cai)料的(de)性(xing)能(neng)好壞，如熱失重(zhong)試驗是(shi)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)經過7天80℃的(de)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)老化后(hou)材(cai)料降解、揮發的(de)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du);熱沖擊檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)在150℃高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后(hou)經特殊卷(juan)繞的(de)絕緣表面(mian)是(shi)否(fou)有開裂;高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力(li)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)絕緣材(cai)料在經過高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)再(zai)冷卻(que)后(hou)其(qi)(qi)彈性(xing)的(de)保持程(cheng)(cheng)度(du);所(suo)有的(de)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)試驗一般(ban)指在-15℃條件下其(qi)(qi)機械性(xing)能(neng)的(de)變化，都是(shi)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)線(xian)纜材(cai)料在低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)環境(jing)下是(shi)否(fou)變脆、易開裂或易拉斷(duan)等。 另外電纜的(de)阻(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)能(neng)勝(sheng)能(neng)很重(zhong)要，考(kao)查(cha)該項(xiang)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)試驗為不延燃(ran)試驗，即對按標準安裝的(de)成品電纜用專門的(de)火焰(yan)點燃(ran)一定的(de)時間，待(dai)其(qi)(qi)火焰(yan)自行熄滅后(hou)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)線(xian)纜被(bei)燒的(de)情況，當然被(bei)燒掉的(de)部分越少越好，說明其(qi)(qi)燃(ran)燒性(xing)差(cha)，阻(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)好，越安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)(biao)準要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)包裝上(shang)應(ying)附有表示產(chan)(chan)品型(xing)號(hao)、規格、標(biao)(biao)準號(hao)、廠(chang)名和產(chan)(chan)地的標(biao)(biao)簽或(huo)標(biao)(biao)志，規格包括額(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓、芯(xin)數和導體標(biao)(biao)稱截面等；電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)表面應(ying)印有制(zhi)造廠(chang)名、產(chan)(chan)品型(xing)號(hao)和額(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓的連(lian)續標(biao)(biao)志，標(biao)(biao)志間距(ju)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)≤200mm(絕緣(yuan)表面)或(huo)≤500mm (護套表面)，標(biao)(biao)志內容(rong)應(ying)齊全(quan)、清晰、耐擦(ca)，這個(ge)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)是方便(bian)使用者了解(jie)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的型(xing)號(hao)規格及電(dian)壓等級，以(yi)防敷設錯誤。

另(ling)外，電線(xian)(xian)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)應(ying)優先選用(yong)標準(zhun)推薦的(de)(de)顏(yan)色(se)(se)，特別要提的(de)(de)是黃(huang)/綠(lv)(lv)雙(shuang)色(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，這(zhe)種線(xian)(xian)一般用(yong)在電器產品(pin)的(de)(de)電源線(xian)(xian)中(zhong)，這(zhe)條(tiao)特殊雙(shuang)色(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)專用(yong)于接地，對于黃(huang)/綠(lv)(lv)搭配標準(zhun)也有以(yi)下規定：即對每一段長(chang)巧(qiao)~的(de)(de)雙(shuang)色(se)(se)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，其中(zhong)一種顏(yan)色(se)(se)應(ying)至少覆(fu)蓋絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)表面的(de)(de)30%，且不大于70%，而另(ling)一種顏(yan)色(se)(se)則覆(fu)蓋絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)其余部分，即黃(huang)/綠(lv)(lv)雙(shuang)色(se)(se)應(ying)基本均(jun)衡搭配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕緣和護(hu)套(tao)的(de)厚(hou)度(du)(du)、最薄(bo)厚(hou)度(du)(du)、外(wai)形尺寸等。絕緣和護(hu)套(tao)的(de)厚(hou)度(du)(du)大小對于電(dian)纜(lan)能夠耐受多大強度(du)(du)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，以(yi)及其機械性(xing)能好(hao)壞都有(you)很重要(yao)的(de)作用，所以(yi)對于不同(tong)規格的(de)電(dian)纜(lan)，標(biao)準對厚(hou)度(du)(du)都有(you)嚴格規定，要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)不得低于國家標(biao)準的(de)規定值。電(dian)纜(lan)絕緣厚(hou)度(du)(du)太薄(bo)會嚴重影響(xiang)電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)使用安(an)全，會帶來電(dian)纜(lan)擊穿(chuan)、導體裸露(lu)引(yin)起漏電(dian)等安(an)全隱(yin)患(huan)，當然也(ye)不是越(yue)(yue)厚(hou)越(yue)(yue)好(hao)，應不影響(xiang)安(an)裝，故標(biao)準又設了一個外(wai)形尺寸要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)對此進行限制(zhi)。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認(ren)證(zheng)強制性認(ren)證(zheng)，是進(jin)入國內市場的通行證(zheng)。

2.CB認(ren)(ren)證有利于產(chan)品(pin)出口(kou)用于家庭(ting)、辦(ban)公室、車間和類(lei)似(si)場所的(de)(de)直接涉(she)及人身(shen)安(an)全的(de)(de)電(dian)工產(chan)品(pin)，這類(lei)產(chan)品(pin)在(zai)一部分(fen)國(guo)(guo)家中實行強制(zhi)性認(ren)(ren)證，即(ji)取(qu)得(de)該(gai)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)證合格(ge)證書后，才允(yun)許出口(kou)到該(gai)國(guo)(guo)，并(bing)在(zai)該(gai)國(guo)(guo)市場上(shang)銷售。即(ji)使在(zai)未實行強制(zhi)性認(ren)(ren)證的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家中，消費者(zhe)為了自身(shen)的(de)(de)安(an)全，都愿意購買經過認(ren)(ren)證而(er)帶有認(ren)(ren)證標(biao)志的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)。

3.CE認證

是產品進入(ru)歐盟及歐洲(zhou)貿易自由區國家市場的通(tong)行證。獲得認證并貼有(you)CE標志的產品將降低在(zai)歐洲(zhou)市場上銷(xiao)售的風險：

1）被海關扣留和查(cha)處的風(feng)險(xian);

2）被市場監督機構查處的風險(xian);

3）同行出于競(jing)爭目的的指(zhi)控風險。