国产精品成人网站/两攻一受3p双龙h调教/玩弄人妻少妇500系列/人妻换人妻仑乱/国产成人一区二区三区别

1.電性能檢測

主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、絕緣電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)壓試驗(yan)及(ji)絕緣線芯間電(dian)(dian)壓試驗(yan)，每(mei)項都(dou)很重(zhong)要(yao)，導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)直(zhi)接(jie)反映了電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)傳輸(shu)性能，直(zhi)接(jie)影響電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)通電(dian)(dian)運行(xing)中的(de)溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)壓降、以及(ji)運行(xing)安全，它主(zhu)要(yao)考查導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)材質和截面積，若(ruo)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)材質不(bu)好或截面積嚴(yan)重(zhong)不(bu)足，就會造(zao)成導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)嚴(yan)重(zhong)超標(biao)，這種電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)鋪設在(zai)線路(lu)中就會增加電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)線路(lu)上通過(guo)時的(de)損耗(hao)，引起(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)本身發熱，引起(qi)(qi)包覆導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)絕緣老化開裂，造(zao)成供電(dian)(dian)線路(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)、短(duan)路(lu)，甚至(zhi)造(zao)成火災，危及(ji)人身、財產(chan)的(de)安全。標(biao)準對不(bu)同(tong)規格電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)均有(you)嚴(yan)格的(de)規定，不(bu)得大于標(biao)準規定的(de)值(zhi)(zhi)。

絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成品(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)，均考(kao)查(cha)的(de)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)(ceng)和(he)護(hu)(hu)套層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性能(neng)，絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻是檢測兩個導體之(zhi)間絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，它應足(zu)夠大以起到(dao)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)保護(hu)(hu)作用(yong)。成品(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)不光要(yao)求電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜有足(zu)夠的(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)力，還(huan)要(yao)求絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)或護(hu)(hu)套材(cai)料(liao)(liao)均勻無雜質、厚度足(zu)夠均勻，表面不能(neng)有看不見的(de)沙眼、針孔等，否則(ze)就(jiu)會(hui)造成耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)時局部(bu)擊穿(chuan)。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)考查絕(jue)緣和(he)護套塑料材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)抗張強度(du)、斷裂(lie)伸(shen)(shen)長率，包括老(lao)(lao)化前后(hou)，還有(you)對于成(cheng)品軟電(dian)纜進行的(de)(de)(de)曲撓試(shi)驗、彎曲試(shi)驗、荷重斷芯試(shi)驗、絕(jue)緣線(xian)芯撕裂(lie)試(shi)驗、靜態曲撓試(shi)驗等。老(lao)(lao)化前、后(hou)抗張強度(du)、老(lao)(lao)化前后(hou)斷裂(lie)伸(shen)(shen)長率是(shi)電(dian)纜絕(jue)緣和(he)護套材(cai)料最重要(yao)(yao)最基本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)指標，要(yao)(yao)求用作電(dian)纜絕(jue)緣和(he)護套的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料，既(ji)要(yao)(yao)有(you)足夠的(de)(de)(de)拉(la)伸(shen)(shen)強度(du)不容易(yi)拉(la)斷，又要(yao)(yao)有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)柔(rou)韌性(xing)。

老化是指在(zai)高溫條件下(xia)，絕緣和護(hu)套材(cai)料保持其原有(you)性能的(de)(de)(de)能力，老化不應嚴重(zhong)影(ying)響材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)張強度和伸(shen)(shen)長率(lv)，這(zhe)些都將直接(jie)影(ying)響電(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命，若(ruo)抗(kang)張強度和斷(duan)裂(lie)伸(shen)(shen)長率(lv)不合格，進行電(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)施工安裝(zhuang)時(shi)就(jiu)極易出(chu)現護(hu)套或絕緣體斷(duan)裂(lie)，或在(zai)光、熱(re)環境下(xia)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)纜其護(hu)套和絕緣容易變脆，斷(duan)裂(lie)，致使(shi)帶電(dian)導體裸露，發生觸電(dian)危險(xian)。

另(ling)(ling)外軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)由于不是固(gu)定敷(fu)設，使用(yong)中存(cun)在(zai)(zai)反復拖(tuo)拉(la)、彎曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)情況，所以對于軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)標準又另(ling)(ling)外規定了在(zai)(zai)其成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)上加做(zuo)動(dong)態曲(qu)(qu)撓試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、彎曲(qu)(qu)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、荷重斷芯試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯撕(si)裂(lie)(lie)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、靜態曲(qu)(qu)撓試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)，以保證這種線(xian)(xian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)在(zai)(zai)實際(ji)使用(yong)中滿足要(yao)求。如動(dong)態曲(qu)(qu)撓試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)主要(yao)考核軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)在(zai)(zai)受到外界(jie)的(de)(de)機械拉(la)伸和彎曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)應(ying)力時，軟導體的(de)(de)絞合線(xian)(xian)絲是否斷裂(lie)(lie)而(er)降低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸性能，或者刺破絕緣(yuan)(yuan)而(er)降低(di)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性能;絕緣(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)受到應(ying)力作用(yong)是是否變(bian)形或開裂(lie)(lie)而(er)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕緣(yuan)(yuan)性能的(de)(de)一(yi)種試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)法。

3.絕緣和護套材料性能試驗

包括熱失重、熱沖(chong)擊、高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)彎曲、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)拉伸、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)沖(chong)擊、阻(zu)燃性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)等(deng)等(deng)。這(zhe)些都是(shi)(shi)考查絕(jue)緣和(he)護套的(de)(de)(de)塑(su)料材料的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)好(hao)(hao)壞，如(ru)熱失重試驗(yan)(yan)是(shi)(shi)檢測(ce)經(jing)過7天(tian)80℃的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)老(lao)化后(hou)材料降解、揮發的(de)(de)(de)程度;熱沖(chong)擊檢測(ce)在(zai)(zai)(zai)150℃高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)1h后(hou)經(jing)特殊卷(juan)繞的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣表面(mian)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)有(you)開(kai)裂(lie);高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力檢測(ce)絕(jue)緣材料在(zai)(zai)(zai)經(jing)過高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)再(zai)冷(leng)卻(que)后(hou)其(qi)彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)保持程度;所(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)試驗(yan)(yan)一般指(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)-15℃條件下其(qi)機械性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)變化，都是(shi)(shi)檢測(ce)線(xian)纜(lan)材料在(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)環境下是(shi)(shi)否(fou)變脆、易開(kai)裂(lie)或易拉斷等(deng)。 另外電纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)燃性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)勝能(neng)很(hen)重要，考查該項性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)試驗(yan)(yan)為不延燃試驗(yan)(yan)，即對(dui)按標準安裝的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)品電纜(lan)用專門的(de)(de)(de)火焰(yan)點(dian)燃一定的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間，待其(qi)火焰(yan)自行熄滅(mie)后(hou)檢查線(xian)纜(lan)被(bei)燒的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，當(dang)然被(bei)燒掉(diao)的(de)(de)(de)部分越少越好(hao)(hao)，說明(ming)其(qi)燃燒性(xing)(xing)(xing)差，阻(zu)燃性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)(hao)，越安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)(biao)(biao)準要求(qiu)電(dian)纜包裝(zhuang)上應附有(you)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示產(chan)品型號(hao)、規(gui)格(ge)(ge)、標(biao)(biao)(biao)準號(hao)、廠(chang)名和(he)產(chan)地(di)的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)簽或(huo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，規(gui)格(ge)(ge)包括額定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)、芯數(shu)和(he)導體標(biao)(biao)(biao)稱截面等；電(dian)纜表(biao)(biao)(biao)面應印(yin)有(you)制造廠(chang)名、產(chan)品型號(hao)和(he)額定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)連續標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)間距要求(qiu)≤200mm(絕(jue)緣(yuan)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面)或(huo)≤500mm (護套(tao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)內容應齊全(quan)、清晰、耐擦(ca)，這個(ge)要求(qiu)是方便使用者了解電(dian)纜的(de)(de)型號(hao)規(gui)格(ge)(ge)及(ji)電(dian)壓(ya)等級，以(yi)防敷(fu)設錯(cuo)誤。

另外(wai)，電線(xian)(xian)(xian)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)應優先選用(yong)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)推薦的顏(yan)色(se)，特別要(yao)提(ti)的是黃/綠雙色(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，這種線(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)般(ban)用(yong)在電器產品(pin)的電源線(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)，這條特殊雙色(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)專用(yong)于接地，對(dui)于黃/綠搭(da)配(pei)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)也有(you)以下規定(ding)：即(ji)對(dui)每一(yi)段長巧~的雙色(se)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)種顏(yan)色(se)應至少覆蓋(gai)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)表面的30%，且不(bu)大于70%，而另一(yi)種顏(yan)色(se)則覆蓋(gai)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)的其(qi)余部(bu)分，即(ji)黃/綠雙色(se)應基本均衡搭(da)配(pei)。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕緣(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)的厚(hou)度(du)(du)、最薄厚(hou)度(du)(du)、外(wai)形尺寸(cun)等。絕緣(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)的厚(hou)度(du)(du)大小對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)能夠耐受多大強度(du)(du)的電(dian)(dian)壓，以及其機(ji)械性能好壞都有(you)很重(zhong)要的作用(yong)(yong)，所以對于(yu)不同規(gui)格的電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，標準對厚(hou)度(du)(du)都有(you)嚴(yan)格規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，要求不得低于(yu)國家標準的規(gui)定(ding)(ding)值。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕緣(yuan)厚(hou)度(du)(du)太薄會(hui)嚴(yan)重(zhong)影響電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的使用(yong)(yong)安(an)全，會(hui)帶來電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)擊(ji)穿、導(dao)體裸露引起漏電(dian)(dian)等安(an)全隱患，當然(ran)也不是越(yue)厚(hou)越(yue)好，應不影響安(an)裝，故標準又設了一(yi)個外(wai)形尺寸(cun)要求對此進(jin)行(xing)限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證強制性認證，是進(jin)入國內市場(chang)的通(tong)行證。

2.CB認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)有(you)利于(yu)產(chan)品(pin)出口用于(yu)家(jia)庭、辦(ban)公(gong)室、車間和類似場(chang)所的直(zhi)接涉及(ji)人身安全(quan)的電工產(chan)品(pin)，這(zhe)類產(chan)品(pin)在一(yi)部分國家(jia)中(zhong)實(shi)行強(qiang)制性認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，即取得該國的認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合格證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書后，才(cai)允許出口到(dao)該國，并(bing)在該國市(shi)場(chang)上銷(xiao)售(shou)。即使在未實(shi)行強(qiang)制性認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的國家(jia)中(zhong)，消費者(zhe)為了自(zi)身的安全(quan)，都愿(yuan)意(yi)購買經過認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)而帶(dai)有(you)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)標(biao)志(zhi)的產(chan)品(pin)。

3.CE認證

是(shi)產品進入歐盟及(ji)歐洲貿易自(zi)由區國家市場的通(tong)行證。獲(huo)得(de)認證并貼(tie)有(you)CE標志的產品將降低在(zai)歐洲市場上(shang)銷售(shou)的風(feng)險：

1）被(bei)海關(guan)扣留和查(cha)處的風險;

2）被(bei)市場監(jian)督機構查(cha)處的風險;

3）同行出(chu)于競爭目的(de)的(de)指控風險。