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1.電性能檢測

主要有導(dao)體直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、絕(jue)(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成(cheng)(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗及絕(jue)(jue)緣線芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗，每項都很重要，導(dao)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)直接(jie)反映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性能，直接(jie)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中的(de)溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降(jiang)、以及運行安(an)(an)全，它(ta)主要考查導(dao)體的(de)材質(zhi)和截(jie)面積，若導(dao)體的(de)材質(zhi)不(bu)好或截(jie)面積嚴(yan)重不(bu)足，就會造成(cheng)(cheng)導(dao)體直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)嚴(yan)重超(chao)標(biao)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)鋪設在(zai)線路中就會增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在(zai)線路上(shang)通(tong)過時的(de)損耗，引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)導(dao)體本身發熱，引(yin)起包覆導(dao)體的(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣老(lao)化開(kai)裂，造成(cheng)(cheng)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短(duan)路，甚至造成(cheng)(cheng)火災，危及人身、財(cai)產(chan)的(de)安(an)(an)全。標(biao)準對(dui)不(bu)同(tong)規格(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)導(dao)體直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值均有嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)的(de)規定(ding)(ding)，不(bu)得大于(yu)標(biao)準規定(ding)(ding)的(de)值。

絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻、成(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)緣(yuan)線芯間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)，均考查(cha)的(de)是電(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)緣(yuan)層(ceng)和護(hu)套(tao)(tao)層(ceng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)性能，絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻是檢測兩個導體之間(jian)(jian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)材料的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻，它(ta)應足(zu)夠(gou)大以起到絕(jue)緣(yuan)保護(hu)作用。成(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)緣(yuan)線芯間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)光要求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)纜有(you)足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)能力，還要求(qiu)絕(jue)緣(yuan)或護(hu)套(tao)(tao)材料均勻(yun)無(wu)雜質、厚度(du)足(zu)夠(gou)均勻(yun)，表面(mian)不(bu)能有(you)看(kan)不(bu)見的(de)沙眼、針孔(kong)等，否則就會造成(cheng)耐壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)時局部擊(ji)穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)(yao)是考(kao)查絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護(hu)(hu)套塑料(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)的抗張強(qiang)度、斷(duan)裂伸長(chang)率(lv)，包(bao)括老化(hua)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)，還有(you)對(dui)于(yu)成(cheng)品軟電(dian)纜(lan)進行的曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗、彎曲(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗、荷重斷(duan)芯(xin)(xin)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗、絕(jue)緣(yuan)線芯(xin)(xin)撕(si)裂試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗、靜態曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗等。老化(hua)前(qian)(qian)(qian)、后(hou)(hou)抗張強(qiang)度、老化(hua)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)斷(duan)裂伸長(chang)率(lv)是電(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護(hu)(hu)套材料(liao)(liao)最重要(yao)(yao)最基本的指標，要(yao)(yao)求用作電(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護(hu)(hu)套的材料(liao)(liao)，既(ji)要(yao)(yao)有(you)足夠的拉(la)伸強(qiang)度不容易(yi)拉(la)斷(duan)，又(you)要(yao)(yao)有(you)一定的柔韌性。

老(lao)化是指在高(gao)溫條件下，絕緣(yuan)(yuan)和(he)護(hu)套材料保持其原有(you)性能的能力，老(lao)化不應嚴重影響材料的抗張(zhang)強度和(he)伸(shen)長(chang)率，這(zhe)些都將直接影響電(dian)纜(lan)的使(shi)用(yong)壽命，若抗張(zhang)強度和(he)斷裂(lie)伸(shen)長(chang)率不合格，進行電(dian)纜(lan)的施工安裝時就極易出現護(hu)套或(huo)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)體斷裂(lie)，或(huo)在光、熱環境下使(shi)用(yong)的電(dian)纜(lan)其護(hu)套和(he)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)容(rong)易變脆，斷裂(lie)，致使(shi)帶(dai)電(dian)導體裸(luo)露，發生觸電(dian)危險。

另(ling)(ling)外軟(ruan)電(dian)纜(lan)由(you)于不是(shi)固定敷設，使(shi)(shi)用中存在(zai)(zai)反復(fu)拖(tuo)拉、彎曲(qu)(qu)等情況，所以對于軟(ruan)電(dian)纜(lan)標準又(you)另(ling)(ling)外規定了在(zai)(zai)其成(cheng)品電(dian)纜(lan)上加做動態曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗、彎曲(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗、荷重斷芯試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗、絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯撕(si)裂試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗、靜態曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗等，以保證這(zhe)種線纜(lan)在(zai)(zai)實際使(shi)(shi)用中滿足要(yao)求。如動態曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗主要(yao)考(kao)核軟(ruan)電(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)(zai)受到(dao)外界(jie)的機械(xie)拉伸(shen)和彎曲(qu)(qu)等應力時，軟(ruan)導體的絞合(he)線絲是(shi)否斷裂而降低(di)電(dian)的傳輸性能，或者刺破絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)而降低(di)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)氣性能;絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)受到(dao)應力作用是(shi)是(shi)否變形(xing)或開裂而影響電(dian)纜(lan)的電(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性能的一(yi)種試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗方法。

3.絕緣和(he)護套材料性能試驗

包括熱失(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)、熱沖擊(ji)、高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)彎曲(qu)、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)拉(la)伸、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)沖擊(ji)、阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能等等。這些(xie)都是考(kao)查(cha)絕(jue)緣和(he)護套(tao)的(de)(de)塑料(liao)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能好(hao)壞，如熱失(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)試驗是檢測經過(guo)7天80℃的(de)(de)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)老化后材(cai)料(liao)降解、揮發(fa)的(de)(de)程(cheng)度;熱沖擊(ji)檢測在150℃高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后經特殊卷(juan)繞的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣表面是否(fou)有開裂(lie);高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力檢測絕(jue)緣材(cai)料(liao)在經過(guo)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)再冷卻(que)后其(qi)(qi)彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)保持程(cheng)度;所有的(de)(de)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)試驗一(yi)般指(zhi)在-15℃條件下其(qi)(qi)機械性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)變化，都是檢測線(xian)(xian)纜(lan)材(cai)料(liao)在低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)環境(jing)下是否(fou)變脆、易(yi)開裂(lie)或(huo)易(yi)拉(la)斷等。 另外電纜(lan)的(de)(de)阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能勝能很重(zhong)(zhong)要，考(kao)查(cha)該(gai)項性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)試驗為不延(yan)燃(ran)試驗，即對(dui)按(an)標準(zhun)安裝的(de)(de)成(cheng)品電纜(lan)用專(zhuan)門的(de)(de)火焰(yan)點燃(ran)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)時間，待其(qi)(qi)火焰(yan)自行熄(xi)滅后檢查(cha)線(xian)(xian)纜(lan)被(bei)燒(shao)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)，當(dang)然被(bei)燒(shao)掉(diao)的(de)(de)部分越(yue)少(shao)越(yue)好(hao)，說明其(qi)(qi)燃(ran)燒(shao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)差，阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)，越(yue)安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)(biao)準要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)包裝上(shang)應附有表(biao)示產(chan)品型號(hao)(hao)、規(gui)格(ge)(ge)、標(biao)(biao)準號(hao)(hao)、廠名和產(chan)地的標(biao)(biao)簽或標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，規(gui)格(ge)(ge)包括額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、芯數和導體標(biao)(biao)稱截面(mian)(mian)等(deng)(deng)；電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)應印(yin)有制造(zao)廠名、產(chan)品型號(hao)(hao)和額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的連(lian)續(xu)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)間距要(yao)求(qiu)≤200mm(絕緣表(biao)面(mian)(mian))或≤500mm (護套表(biao)面(mian)(mian))，標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)內容應齊(qi)全、清(qing)晰、耐擦，這個要(yao)求(qiu)是方便使用者了解電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的型號(hao)(hao)規(gui)格(ge)(ge)及電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)(deng)級，以防敷設錯誤。

另外，電線(xian)(xian)(xian)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)應優先選用標(biao)準推薦的(de)顏(yan)色(se)，特別要提的(de)是黃(huang)/綠(lv)雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，這種(zhong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)般用在(zai)電器產品的(de)電源線(xian)(xian)(xian)中，這條特殊(shu)雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)專用于接地，對于黃(huang)/綠(lv)搭配標(biao)準也有以下(xia)規定：即(ji)對每一(yi)段長巧(qiao)~的(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，其中一(yi)種(zhong)顏(yan)色(se)應至(zhi)少(shao)覆(fu)蓋(gai)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)表(biao)面的(de)30%，且不(bu)大(da)于70%，而另一(yi)種(zhong)顏(yan)色(se)則覆(fu)蓋(gai)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)的(de)其余部分，即(ji)黃(huang)/綠(lv)雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)應基(ji)本均(jun)衡搭配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包(bao)括絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和護套(tao)的(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)、最薄(bo)(bo)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)、外形(xing)尺(chi)寸等(deng)。絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和護套(tao)的(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)大小對(dui)于電(dian)(dian)纜能夠耐受多大強度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以(yi)及其機(ji)械性能好壞(huai)都有很重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，所以(yi)對(dui)于不同規格的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)纜，標(biao)準對(dui)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)都有嚴格規定，要(yao)求不得低于國家標(biao)準的(de)(de)規定值(zhi)。電(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)太薄(bo)(bo)會嚴重(zhong)影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)安(an)全，會帶來電(dian)(dian)纜擊(ji)穿、導體裸(luo)露引(yin)起漏電(dian)(dian)等(deng)安(an)全隱患，當然也不是越(yue)(yue)厚(hou)(hou)越(yue)(yue)好，應不影響(xiang)安(an)裝，故(gu)標(biao)準又設(she)了(le)一個(ge)外形(xing)尺(chi)寸要(yao)求對(dui)此進(jin)行限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證強制性認證，是進入國內市場的通行證。

2.CB認證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)有利(li)于(yu)產(chan)品(pin)出口用于(yu)家(jia)庭、辦公室、車間和類似場所的(de)(de)直接(jie)涉及人身安(an)全的(de)(de)電工產(chan)品(pin)，這類產(chan)品(pin)在(zai)一部(bu)分(fen)國(guo)家(jia)中實行(xing)強(qiang)制性認證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，即取(qu)得該國(guo)的(de)(de)認證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合格證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)后(hou)，才允許出口到該國(guo)，并在(zai)該國(guo)市場上銷售。即使(shi)在(zai)未實行(xing)強(qiang)制性認證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)中，消費者為了自(zi)身的(de)(de)安(an)全，都(dou)愿意購買經(jing)過認證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)而帶有認證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)標志的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)。

3.CE認證

是產(chan)(chan)品進入歐(ou)盟及(ji)歐(ou)洲貿易自由區國家市場的通行證(zheng)。獲得認證(zheng)并貼有CE標志的產(chan)(chan)品將降低在歐(ou)洲市場上銷售的風險：

1）被海關扣留和查處(chu)的風險;

2）被(bei)市場監督機構查處的風險;

3）同(tong)行出于競(jing)爭目的的指(zhi)控風險。