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1.電性能檢測

主要有導體(ti)(ti)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)、絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)、成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)及絕緣(yuan)線芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，每項(xiang)都很重(zhong)(zhong)要，導體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)直接(jie)反映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性能(neng)，直接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)在通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中(zhong)的溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降、以及運行安(an)(an)全，它主要考查(cha)導體(ti)(ti)的材(cai)質和截(jie)面積，若導體(ti)(ti)的材(cai)質不好或截(jie)面積嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)不足，就(jiu)(jiu)會造(zao)成導體(ti)(ti)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)超標(biao)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)鋪設(she)在線路中(zhong)就(jiu)(jiu)會增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在線路上通(tong)過時的損耗(hao)，引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)導體(ti)(ti)本身發(fa)熱，引(yin)起包覆導體(ti)(ti)的絕緣(yuan)老(lao)化開裂(lie)，造(zao)成供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路，甚(shen)至造(zao)成火災，危及人身、財產的安(an)(an)全。標(biao)準(zhun)對不同規格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的導體(ti)(ti)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值均有嚴(yan)格的規定，不得大于標(biao)準(zhun)規定的值。

絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)及絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)，均考查(cha)的(de)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)和護套(tao)層(ceng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性能，絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻是檢(jian)測兩個導(dao)體之間(jian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，它應足夠大以起(qi)到(dao)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護作用。成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)及絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)不(bu)光要(yao)求電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)有足夠的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能力，還要(yao)求絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或護套(tao)材(cai)料均勻無(wu)雜質、厚(hou)度足夠均勻，表面(mian)不(bu)能有看不(bu)見的(de)沙眼、針孔等，否(fou)則就會造(zao)成耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)時局部擊穿(chuan)。

2.機械性能檢測

主要是考查(cha)絕緣和護(hu)(hu)套(tao)塑料材料的(de)(de)抗(kang)張(zhang)強度、斷(duan)裂(lie)伸(shen)長率(lv)，包括老(lao)化前(qian)后，還(huan)有對(dui)于成品(pin)軟電纜進行的(de)(de)曲撓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎曲試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷(he)重斷(duan)芯試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕緣線芯撕裂(lie)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜態曲撓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等。老(lao)化前(qian)、后抗(kang)張(zhang)強度、老(lao)化前(qian)后斷(duan)裂(lie)伸(shen)長率(lv)是電纜絕緣和護(hu)(hu)套(tao)材料最(zui)重要最(zui)基本的(de)(de)指標，要求用作(zuo)電纜絕緣和護(hu)(hu)套(tao)的(de)(de)材料，既要有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)拉(la)伸(shen)強度不容易拉(la)斷(duan)，又要有一定的(de)(de)柔韌(ren)性(xing)。

老化(hua)是指在(zai)高(gao)溫條(tiao)件下，絕緣(yuan)和(he)護(hu)套材(cai)料保(bao)持其(qi)原有性能(neng)的(de)能(neng)力，老化(hua)不應(ying)嚴重(zhong)影響(xiang)材(cai)料的(de)抗(kang)張強(qiang)度和(he)伸長率，這些都將直(zhi)接影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)使(shi)用壽命，若(ruo)抗(kang)張強(qiang)度和(he)斷裂(lie)伸長率不合格，進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)施(shi)工安裝時就極易出(chu)現護(hu)套或(huo)絕緣(yuan)體斷裂(lie)，或(huo)在(zai)光、熱環境下使(shi)用的(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)其(qi)護(hu)套和(he)絕緣(yuan)容易變脆，斷裂(lie)，致(zhi)使(shi)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)導體裸露，發生觸電(dian)(dian)危險(xian)。

另外(wai)軟電(dian)(dian)纜由于不是固定敷設，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中存在反復拖拉、彎(wan)曲(qu)等情況，所(suo)以對于軟電(dian)(dian)纜標準(zhun)又(you)另外(wai)規定了在其成品電(dian)(dian)纜上加做動態(tai)曲(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗、彎(wan)曲(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗、荷重斷(duan)芯試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗、絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯撕裂(lie)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗、靜態(tai)曲(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗等，以保證這種線(xian)纜在實際(ji)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中滿足要求(qiu)。如動態(tai)曲(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗主要考核軟電(dian)(dian)纜在受到(dao)外(wai)界(jie)的機(ji)械拉伸和彎(wan)曲(qu)等應(ying)(ying)力(li)時，軟導體的絞(jiao)合線(xian)絲是否斷(duan)裂(lie)而降低(di)電(dian)(dian)的傳輸性能(neng)，或(huo)者刺破絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)而降低(di)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)氣性能(neng);絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)在受到(dao)應(ying)(ying)力(li)作用(yong)(yong)是是否變形或(huo)開裂(lie)而影響電(dian)(dian)纜的電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)性能(neng)的一種試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗方法。

3.絕(jue)緣和護(hu)套材料性能(neng)試(shi)驗

包括熱失(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)、熱沖(chong)擊、高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)彎曲、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)拉伸、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)沖(chong)擊、阻燃(ran)性(xing)能等等。這些(xie)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)考(kao)查(cha)(cha)絕(jue)緣和護(hu)套的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑料(liao)材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能好(hao)(hao)(hao)壞，如(ru)熱失(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)驗是(shi)檢(jian)測(ce)經過7天(tian)80℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)老(lao)化(hua)后材料(liao)降解、揮發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)度;熱沖(chong)擊檢(jian)測(ce)在150℃高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后經特殊卷繞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣表面是(shi)否(fou)有(you)開裂;高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力檢(jian)測(ce)絕(jue)緣材料(liao)在經過高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)再冷卻后其(qi)(qi)彈(dan)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保持程(cheng)度;所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)驗一般指在-15℃條件下其(qi)(qi)機械(xie)性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)，都(dou)(dou)是(shi)檢(jian)測(ce)線纜材料(liao)在低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)環境下是(shi)否(fou)變脆(cui)、易開裂或易拉斷(duan)等。 另外電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻燃(ran)性(xing)能勝(sheng)能很重(zhong)(zhong)要，考(kao)查(cha)(cha)該(gai)項(xiang)性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗為不延燃(ran)試(shi)驗，即對按標(biao)準(zhun)安(an)裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成品電(dian)(dian)纜用(yong)專門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火焰(yan)點燃(ran)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間，待其(qi)(qi)火焰(yan)自行熄滅后檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)線纜被(bei)燒(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，當(dang)然被(bei)燒(shao)掉(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分越少越好(hao)(hao)(hao)，說明(ming)其(qi)(qi)燃(ran)燒(shao)性(xing)差，阻燃(ran)性(xing)好(hao)(hao)(hao)，越安(an)全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準要求(qiu)電纜包裝上應(ying)附(fu)有(you)表示產品型號、規格(ge)(ge)、標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準號、廠名(ming)和(he)產地的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)簽或(huo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，規格(ge)(ge)包括額定電壓、芯數和(he)導體標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)稱截面(mian)等；電纜表面(mian)應(ying)印(yin)有(you)制造(zao)廠名(ming)、產品型號和(he)額定電壓的(de)連續標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)間距要求(qiu)≤200mm(絕緣表面(mian))或(huo)≤500mm (護套表面(mian))，標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)內容(rong)應(ying)齊全、清晰、耐擦，這個要求(qiu)是方便使(shi)用者了(le)解電纜的(de)型號規格(ge)(ge)及電壓等級(ji)，以防敷設錯(cuo)誤。

另外(wai)，電線(xian)(xian)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)應優先選用標(biao)準推(tui)薦的(de)(de)(de)顏(yan)色(se)(se)，特(te)別要提的(de)(de)(de)是黃/綠雙(shuang)色(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，這種線(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)般用在電器產品的(de)(de)(de)電源線(xian)(xian)中(zhong)，這條(tiao)特(te)殊雙(shuang)色(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)專用于(yu)接(jie)地(di)，對(dui)于(yu)黃/綠搭配標(biao)準也有以下規定：即(ji)對(dui)每一(yi)(yi)段長巧(qiao)~的(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)色(se)(se)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)種顏(yan)色(se)(se)應至少覆蓋(gai)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)表面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)30%，且不大于(yu)70%，而(er)另一(yi)(yi)種顏(yan)色(se)(se)則覆蓋(gai)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)其(qi)余部分，即(ji)黃/綠雙(shuang)色(se)(se)應基本均衡(heng)搭配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕緣和護(hu)套(tao)的(de)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)、最薄(bo)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)、外形(xing)尺(chi)寸等。絕緣和護(hu)套(tao)的(de)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)大(da)小對于電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)能夠耐受多大(da)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，以及其機械性能好壞都有很重(zhong)要的(de)作用，所以對于不同(tong)規(gui)格的(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，標準對厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)都有嚴(yan)格規(gui)定，要求不得(de)低于國(guo)家標準的(de)規(gui)定值。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕緣厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)太薄(bo)會嚴(yan)重(zhong)影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)使用安全，會帶來(lai)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)擊穿(chuan)、導體裸露(lu)引起(qi)漏電(dian)(dian)等安全隱患，當然也不是越厚(hou)越好，應不影響(xiang)安裝，故標準又設(she)了一個外形(xing)尺(chi)寸要求對此進行限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證強制性(xing)認證，是進入國內市場(chang)的(de)通行證。

2.CB認(ren)證(zheng)有(you)利于(yu)產品出口(kou)用于(yu)家庭、辦公(gong)室(shi)、車間(jian)和類(lei)似場(chang)所的(de)直接涉(she)及人身安全的(de)電工產品，這類(lei)產品在一部分國家中(zhong)實行強(qiang)制(zhi)性認(ren)證(zheng)，即(ji)取得該國的(de)認(ren)證(zheng)合格證(zheng)書后，才允許出口(kou)到該國，并在該國市場(chang)上銷售。即(ji)使(shi)在未實行強(qiang)制(zhi)性認(ren)證(zheng)的(de)國家中(zhong)，消費者為了自身的(de)安全，都(dou)愿(yuan)意購買經過認(ren)證(zheng)而帶有(you)認(ren)證(zheng)標(biao)志的(de)產品。

3.CE認證

是產(chan)品(pin)進入歐盟及歐洲貿易自由(you)區(qu)國家市(shi)場的通行證。獲得認證并貼有CE標志的產(chan)品(pin)將降低在歐洲市(shi)場上(shang)銷(xiao)售的風險：

1）被海關(guan)扣留和查處的(de)風險;

2）被市場監督機構查(cha)處的風險;

3）同(tong)行(xing)出(chu)于競爭(zheng)目的(de)的(de)指控風險。