熱門(men)關鍵詞(ci)：
來源：行業(ye)動態 閱讀：115325 發布時間：2019-07-05
1.電性能檢測
主要(yao)有導(dao)(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗及(ji)(ji)絕緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗，每(mei)項(xiang)都(dou)很重要(yao)，導(dao)(dao)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻直(zhi)接反映(ying)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)輸性能，直(zhi)接影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)(zai)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行(xing)(xing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降、以及(ji)(ji)運行(xing)(xing)安(an)全(quan)(quan)，它主要(yao)考查導(dao)(dao)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)材質(zhi)(zhi)和截面(mian)(mian)積，若導(dao)(dao)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)材質(zhi)(zhi)不好或截面(mian)(mian)積嚴(yan)(yan)重不足，就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)造(zao)成導(dao)(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻嚴(yan)(yan)重超標，這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)鋪設在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路中(zhong)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路上通(tong)過時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)損耗，引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)本身(shen)發熱，引起包覆導(dao)(dao)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)絕緣老化開(kai)裂，造(zao)成供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路，甚(shen)至造(zao)成火(huo)災，危及(ji)(ji)人身(shen)、財產的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)。標準(zhun)對不同規格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)均有嚴(yan)(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)規定，不得大于標準(zhun)規定的(de)(de)(de)值(zhi)。
絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，均(jun)考查的是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)和護(hu)套層(ceng)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性能，絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻是(shi)檢(jian)測兩(liang)個(ge)導體(ti)之(zhi)間絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料的電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，它(ta)應(ying)足(zu)夠大以起(qi)到(dao)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)保護(hu)作用。成(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)光要求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜有足(zu)夠的絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)能力，還要求(qiu)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)或(huo)護(hu)套材(cai)料均(jun)勻無雜質、厚度足(zu)夠均(jun)勻，表(biao)面不(bu)(bu)能有看不(bu)(bu)見的沙眼、針孔等，否(fou)則就(jiu)會造成(cheng)耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時局部擊穿(chuan)。
2.機械性能檢測
主要是考查絕緣(yuan)(yuan)和護(hu)套塑料(liao)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)抗(kang)張(zhang)強(qiang)度(du)、斷(duan)(duan)裂伸長(chang)率(lv)，包括老(lao)化前后(hou)，還有對于(yu)成品軟電纜(lan)進行的(de)曲(qu)撓(nao)試驗、彎曲(qu)試驗、荷(he)重斷(duan)(duan)芯(xin)試驗、絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)撕(si)裂試驗、靜態曲(qu)撓(nao)試驗等。老(lao)化前、后(hou)抗(kang)張(zhang)強(qiang)度(du)、老(lao)化前后(hou)斷(duan)(duan)裂伸長(chang)率(lv)是電纜(lan)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)和護(hu)套材(cai)料(liao)最重要最基本的(de)指標(biao)，要求用(yong)作電纜(lan)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)和護(hu)套的(de)材(cai)料(liao)，既要有足夠(gou)的(de)拉(la)(la)伸強(qiang)度(du)不容易拉(la)(la)斷(duan)(duan)，又要有一定的(de)柔韌性。
老化是指(zhi)在高溫條件下，絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)和護套材(cai)料(liao)保持其(qi)原(yuan)有(you)性能的(de)(de)能力，老化不應嚴重(zhong)影響(xiang)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)抗張強(qiang)度(du)和伸長(chang)率，這些都將直接影響(xiang)電(dian)纜的(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命(ming)，若抗張強(qiang)度(du)和斷(duan)裂(lie)伸長(chang)率不合(he)格，進行電(dian)纜的(de)(de)施工安裝時就(jiu)極易出(chu)現護套或絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)體(ti)斷(duan)裂(lie)，或在光、熱環境(jing)下使(shi)用的(de)(de)電(dian)纜其(qi)護套和絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)容易變脆，斷(duan)裂(lie)，致使(shi)帶電(dian)導體(ti)裸露(lu)，發生觸電(dian)危險。
另(ling)外軟(ruan)(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)由于(yu)不是(shi)(shi)固定敷設(she)，使(shi)用(yong)中存在反復拖拉、彎曲等情況，所以(yi)對(dui)于(yu)軟(ruan)(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)標(biao)準又另(ling)外規定了在其成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)上加做動態曲撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎曲試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷(he)重斷芯試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯撕裂(lie)(lie)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜態曲撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等，以(yi)保(bao)證這種(zhong)(zhong)線(xian)(xian)纜(lan)(lan)在實際使(shi)用(yong)中滿(man)足要求。如動態曲撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)主(zhu)要考核軟(ruan)(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在受到外界(jie)的機械拉伸和(he)彎曲等應力(li)時(shi)，軟(ruan)(ruan)導(dao)體的絞(jiao)合線(xian)(xian)絲是(shi)(shi)否斷裂(lie)(lie)而降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)的傳輸性(xing)(xing)能(neng)，或者刺破絕緣(yuan)(yuan)而降低絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)(xing)能(neng);絕緣(yuan)(yuan)在受到應力(li)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)否變形或開裂(lie)(lie)而影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕緣(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)的一種(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方法。
3.絕(jue)緣和(he)護套(tao)材料性能試驗
包括熱(re)失(shi)重(zhong)、熱(re)沖擊(ji)、高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力(li)、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)彎(wan)曲(qu)、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)拉伸(shen)、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)沖擊(ji)、阻燃(ran)(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能等等。這(zhe)些都(dou)是(shi)考(kao)查絕(jue)緣和護套的(de)(de)(de)塑料(liao)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能好(hao)壞，如熱(re)失(shi)重(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)是(shi)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)經(jing)過(guo)7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)老化(hua)(hua)后材(cai)料(liao)降解、揮發的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)度(du);熱(re)沖擊(ji)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)在150℃高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后經(jing)特殊卷繞的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣表面是(shi)否有(you)開裂;高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力(li)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)絕(jue)緣材(cai)料(liao)在經(jing)過(guo)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)再冷卻后其彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)持(chi)程(cheng)度(du);所(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)驗(yan)一般指在-15℃條件下(xia)其機械性(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)，都(dou)是(shi)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)線(xian)(xian)纜材(cai)料(liao)在低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)環境(jing)下(xia)是(shi)否變脆(cui)、易開裂或易拉斷等。 另外電纜的(de)(de)(de)阻燃(ran)(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能勝能很重(zhong)要，考(kao)查該(gai)項性(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)為不(bu)延(yan)燃(ran)(ran)試(shi)驗(yan)，即對按標準安(an)裝的(de)(de)(de)成品電纜用專門的(de)(de)(de)火(huo)焰點燃(ran)(ran)一定的(de)(de)(de)時間，待其火(huo)焰自行(xing)熄滅(mie)后檢(jian)查線(xian)(xian)纜被燒的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，當然被燒掉(diao)的(de)(de)(de)部分越(yue)少(shao)越(yue)好(hao)，說明其燃(ran)(ran)燒性(xing)(xing)(xing)差，阻燃(ran)(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)，越(yue)安(an)全。
4.標志檢查
標(biao)(biao)(biao)準要求電(dian)纜包裝上(shang)應(ying)(ying)附有表(biao)示產品型(xing)號、規(gui)(gui)格、標(biao)(biao)(biao)準號、廠名和(he)產地(di)的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)簽(qian)或(huo)(huo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，規(gui)(gui)格包括額(e)定電(dian)壓、芯(xin)數和(he)導體(ti)標(biao)(biao)(biao)稱截面等；電(dian)纜表(biao)面應(ying)(ying)印(yin)有制造廠名、產品型(xing)號和(he)額(e)定電(dian)壓的(de)連(lian)續標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)間距要求≤200mm(絕緣表(biao)面)或(huo)(huo)≤500mm (護套表(biao)面)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)內容應(ying)(ying)齊(qi)全、清(qing)晰、耐擦，這個要求是(shi)方便使用者了(le)解電(dian)纜的(de)型(xing)號規(gui)(gui)格及電(dian)壓等級，以(yi)防敷設(she)錯誤。
另(ling)外，電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絕緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯應優先選用(yong)標準(zhun)推薦的(de)(de)(de)顏色，特(te)(te)別要提(ti)的(de)(de)(de)是黃(huang)/綠(lv)雙色線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯，這種(zhong)(zhong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一般用(yong)在電(dian)器產品的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)源線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)，這條(tiao)特(te)(te)殊雙色線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)專用(yong)于(yu)接地，對于(yu)黃(huang)/綠(lv)搭(da)配標準(zhun)也(ye)有以下規定：即(ji)對每(mei)一段長(chang)巧~的(de)(de)(de)雙色絕緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)一種(zhong)(zhong)顏色應至少覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)絕緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯表面的(de)(de)(de)30%，且(qie)不(bu)大(da)于(yu)70%，而另(ling)一種(zhong)(zhong)顏色則覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)絕緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯的(de)(de)(de)其(qi)余部分，即(ji)黃(huang)/綠(lv)雙色應基本均衡搭(da)配。
5.結構尺寸檢測
包括絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)和護(hu)套的(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)度、最薄(bo)厚(hou)(hou)度、外(wai)形尺寸等(deng)。絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)和護(hu)套的(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)度大小對于(yu)電(dian)纜能夠耐受多大強度的(de)(de)電(dian)壓，以及(ji)其(qi)機械性能好壞都有很(hen)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)作用(yong)，所(suo)以對于(yu)不(bu)同規格的(de)(de)電(dian)纜，標準(zhun)對厚(hou)(hou)度都有嚴格規定(ding)，要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)得(de)低于(yu)國(guo)家標準(zhun)的(de)(de)規定(ding)值。電(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)度太薄(bo)會嚴重(zhong)影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)纜的(de)(de)使用(yong)安全，會帶來電(dian)纜擊穿、導(dao)體裸露引起(qi)漏電(dian)等(deng)安全隱患，當然也不(bu)是越厚(hou)(hou)越好，應不(bu)影(ying)響(xiang)安裝(zhuang)，故(gu)標準(zhun)又設(she)了一個(ge)外(wai)形尺寸要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)對此(ci)進行限制。
常見的認證標志
1.CCC認(ren)證強制性認(ren)證，是進(jin)入國內市場的通(tong)行證。
2.CB認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)有(you)利于(yu)產品出口(kou)用于(yu)家(jia)(jia)庭、辦公(gong)室、車間和類似(si)場(chang)所的(de)直接涉及(ji)人身安全的(de)電工產品，這(zhe)類產品在一部分國家(jia)(jia)中實(shi)行(xing)強制(zhi)性認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，即(ji)取得該(gai)(gai)國的(de)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合格證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書后(hou)，才(cai)允許(xu)出口(kou)到該(gai)(gai)國，并(bing)在該(gai)(gai)國市場(chang)上銷售。即(ji)使在未實(shi)行(xing)強制(zhi)性認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)國家(jia)(jia)中，消費者為了自(zi)身的(de)安全，都愿意購買經過認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)而帶有(you)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)標志的(de)產品。
3.CE認證
是產品(pin)進入歐盟及歐洲貿易自由區國家(jia)市(shi)場的(de)通行(xing)證(zheng)。獲得認(ren)證(zheng)并貼有(you)CE標志的(de)產品(pin)將降低(di)在歐洲市(shi)場上銷售的(de)風險：
1）被海關扣留(liu)和查處的(de)風險;
2）被市場監督機(ji)構查處的風險;
3）同行出(chu)于競爭(zheng)目的的指控風險(xian)。
