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來源:行業動態 閱讀:135217 發(fa)布時間:2019-07-05
在如今的(de)(de)電(dian)線電(dian)纜(lan)市(shi)場(chang),產(chan)品質量層(ceng)次不齊,生產(chan)企業魚龍(long)混雜,很多甲方單(dan)純的(de)(de)以價(jia)格(ge)高低為采購(gou)(gou)標(biao)準,滋(zi)生了(le)不合(he)格(ge)產(chan)品的(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)。以致(zhi)于用戶面對不同價(jia)格(ge)的(de)(de)“國標(biao)電(dian)纜(lan)”時(shi),就會茫然,不知道該如果辨(bian)別和購(gou)(gou)買(mai)國標(biao)電(dian)纜(lan)。
今天這篇文章(zhang),主要介紹國標電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)標準和辨別。到底什么(me)樣的(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)按照國家標準生產出來的(de)?如(ru)何辨別和區(qu)分不同質(zhi)量的(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)?“企標/非(fei)標”“市場國標”“保電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)國標”又是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種什么(me)質(zhi)量?。無論你是(shi)(shi)(shi)銷(xiao)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan),亦或是(shi)(shi)(shi)采購,相(xiang)信都會(hui)對你有所(suo)幫(bang)助。
>>>>什么是國標電纜?
國(guo)標(biao)電纜,從字(zi)面意思上理(li)解就是嚴格按照國(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準生產的電線電纜。我國(guo)對電纜的外(wai)觀、機械強度、護套的絕(jue)緣、耐壓(ya)強度、線阻等(deng)幾(ji)個方面都有明確規(gui)定,不同(tong)(tong)類別(bie)的電纜有不同(tong)(tong)的國(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準,主要(yao)有以下幾(ji)種:
輻(fu)照交(jiao)聯電力電纜(lan)(0.6/1KV)執行(xing)標準:GB/T12706.1-2008
中壓(ya)交(jiao)聯(lian)電纜(6/6KV-26/35KV)執行標準:GB/T12706.2-2008
高壓(ya)交聯電纜(64/110KV)執行標準:GB/T 11017-[/B]2002
控制電纜(lan)(450/750V)執行標(biao)準(zhun):GB9330-88
鋁絞(jiao)(jiao)線及鋼芯鋁絞(jiao)(jiao)線(0.6/1KV)執(zhi)行標(biao)準:GB/T 1179-1999
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如何辨別國標電纜?
要看(kan)(kan)(kan)。看(kan)(kan)(kan)有無(wu)質量體系認證(zheng)(zheng)書;看(kan)(kan)(kan)合格證(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)否(fou)規范;看(kan)(kan)(kan)有無(wu)廠名、廠址、檢驗章、生(sheng)產(chan)日期;看(kan)(kan)(kan)電(dian)(dian)線上是(shi)否(fou)印有商(shang)標、規格、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等。還要看(kan)(kan)(kan)電(dian)(dian)線銅芯的(de)橫斷(duan)面,優等品紫銅顏色(se)光亮、色(se)澤柔和,否(fou)則便是(shi)次品。
要試。可取一根電(dian)線(xian)頭用手(shou)反復(fu)彎曲,凡是手(shou)感(gan)柔(rou)軟、抗疲勞強度(du)好、塑料或橡膠手(shou)感(gan)彈性大且電(dian)線(xian)絕緣體上無(wu)裂痕的就是優等(deng)品。
稱重(zhong)量。質(zhi)(zhi)量好的(de)(de)電線(xian),一般都在(zai)規定的(de)(de)重(zhong)量范圍(wei)內(nei)。如常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)截面積為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.5mm2的(de)(de)塑料絕(jue)緣單(dan)股銅芯線(xian),每(mei)100米重(zhong)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.8~1.9 kg;2.5mm2的(de)(de)塑料絕(jue)緣單(dan)股銅芯線(xian),每(mei)100米重(zhong)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)3~3.1 kg;質(zhi)(zhi)量差的(de)(de)電線(xian)重(zhong)量不足,要(yao)么長度不夠,要(yao)么電線(xian)銅芯雜質(zhi)(zhi)過多。
看銅(tong)(tong)(tong)質(zhi)。合格(ge)的銅(tong)(tong)(tong)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)線銅(tong)(tong)(tong)芯(xin)應該是(shi)紫紅色、有光澤、手感軟。而偽劣的銅(tong)(tong)(tong)芯(xin)線銅(tong)(tong)(tong)芯(xin)為紫黑色、偏黃或(huo)偏白,雜(za)質(zhi)多,機械強(qiang)度差,韌性不佳(jia),稍(shao)用(yong)力即會折(zhe)斷,而且電(dian)(dian)線內(nei)常有斷線現象。檢查時(shi),你只(zhi)要把電(dian)(dian)線一頭(tou)剝開2cm,然后(hou)用(yong)一張白紙(zhi)在銅(tong)(tong)(tong)芯(xin)上(shang)(shang)稍(shao)微搓(cuo)一下,如(ru)果白紙(zhi)上(shang)(shang)有黑色物質(zhi),說明銅(tong)(tong)(tong)芯(xin)里雜(za)質(zhi)比較多。另(ling)外,偽劣電(dian)(dian)線絕緣(yuan)(yuan)層看上(shang)(shang)去似(si)乎(hu)很厚實,實際(ji)上(shang)(shang)大(da)多是(shi)用(yong)再生(sheng)塑料制成的,時(shi)間一長,絕緣(yuan)(yuan)層會老(lao)化而漏電(dian)(dian)。
看價(jia)格。由于假冒(mao)偽劣(lie)電線的制作(zuo)成本(ben)低,因此,商販在(zai)銷售時,常以價(jia)廉物(wu)美為幌(huang)子低價(jia)銷售,使人上當。
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"非標(biao)/企標(biao)/市場(chang)國(guo)標(biao)"和“保電(dian)阻國(guo)標(biao)”?
很多銷(xiao)售公(gong)司當(dang)被詢問到是(shi)否是(shi)國標電(dian)纜時,常會(hui)聽到“市(shi)場(chang)國標”“保(bao)電(dian)阻國標”這(zhe)樣的(de)詞(ci)(ci)語,很多人一(yi)知半(ban)解,這(zhe)些模糊的(de)詞(ci)(ci)語代表什么(me)意(yi)思呢?
保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)國標(biao):電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜是用(yong)來(lai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的,而導體的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值直(zhi)接影響著導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性能(neng)。如果導體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)偏大,則導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性能(neng)就差,當有大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通過時就會(hui)產生(sheng)大量(liang)的熱將會(hui)引發火災。同時由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)大也(ye)會(hui)產生(sheng)熱而無為的消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)。
保(bao)電(dian)(dian)阻電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)就是(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻值是(shi)符合國(guo)家(jia)(jia)標準的(de)(de),但并不保(bao)證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)組(zu)成材料是(shi)完全(quan)按(an)照國(guo)家(jia)(jia)標準生(sheng)產的(de)(de),比(bi)如導體平方數(shu)、絕緣、護(hu)套等。說白(bai)了,就是(shi)生(sheng)產廠家(jia)(jia)通過各種技術創新(或(huo)者說是(shi)手段)在降低材料成本的(de)(de)前提(ti)下,使(shi)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)達到(dao)安全(quan)使(shi)用條件。
注意,這里用(yong)(yong)(yong)了兩(liang)個詞:創新(xin)和手段。創新(xin)指的(de)(de)是(shi)通(tong)過技術創新(xin)降(jiang)低(di)(di)成本,比(bi)如現在(zai)的(de)(de)鋁合(he)金導(dao)體(ti)、異型導(dao)體(ti)等(deng),這樣的(de)(de)電纜在(zai)保證(zheng)安(an)全使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)前提下,降(jiang)低(di)(di)了價格。而有的(de)(de)廠家則是(shi)通(tong)過一(yi)些違法手段降(jiang)低(di)(di)成本,比(bi)如使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)二代(dai)料、降(jiang)低(di)(di)導(dao)體(ti)純(chun)度等(deng),這樣的(de)(de)電纜即使(shi)(shi)電阻值在(zai)標準范(fan)圍內,它的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)也是(shi)極不安(an)全的(de)(de),選購時對此類電纜一(yi)定要(yao)再(zai)三甄別。
"企標(biao)(biao)/非標(biao)(biao)/市場國(guo)標(biao)(biao)":這幾個(ge)詞(ci)很(hen)容易(yi)理解,"企標(biao)(biao)/非標(biao)(biao)"就是(shi)非國(guo)標(biao)(biao)電(dian)(dian)纜,價格極(ji)低(di),也極(ji)不安全。"市場國(guo)標(biao)(biao)"一般指的(de)是(shi)9折電(dian)(dian)纜(或95折),一定(ding)不要(yao)把它當(dang)成國(guo)標(biao)(biao),一定(ding)要(yao)問(wen)清楚。
近(jin)幾年,由電(dian)線電(dian)纜不(bu)合格(ge)所引起的火災(zai)事故越來越多,有很多是(shi)因為對電(dian)纜知(zhi)識的缺失而采(cai)購(gou)到不(bu)合格(ge)產(chan)(chan)品。生產(chan)(chan)和采(cai)購(gou)國標(biao)電(dian)纜是(shi)我(wo)們(men)每個人的義(yi)務和責任,這樣(yang)才能保(bao)證(zheng)通電(dian)安全。