国产精品成人网站/两攻一受3p双龙h调教/玩弄人妻少妇500系列/人妻换人妻仑乱/国产成人一区二区三区别

電力(li)電纜

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是(shi)(shi)用于(yu)傳(chuan)輸和分(fen)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)常(chang)用于(yu)城市地下電(dian)(dian)(dian)網、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)站引出線(xian)路(lu)、工礦企業內部供電(dian)(dian)(dian)及過江(jiang)海水下輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)線(xian)路(lu)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)所(suo)占比(bi)重(zhong)正逐漸增(zeng)加。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是(shi)(shi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)主干線(xian)路(lu)中用以傳(chuan)輸和分(fen)配大功率電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)產(chan)品(pin)，包括1-500KV以及以上各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級，各種絕緣(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。

中文名

電力電纜

基本簡介

電力電纜的使用至今已有百年

主(zhu)要分類

分類：按電壓(ya)等(deng)級分

簡(jian)介：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)使用(yong)至今已有百余(yu)年歷史(shi)。1879年，美國(guo)發(fa)明家(jia)T.A.愛(ai)迪(di)生(sheng)在銅(tong)棒上包繞黃麻(ma)并(bing)將(jiang)其穿入鐵管內，然后填充(chong)瀝(li)青(qing)混(hun)合物制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。他將(jiang)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)敷(fu)設于紐約，開創了(le)(le)地下輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。次(ci)年，英國(guo)人(ren)(ren)卡倫(lun)德(de)發(fa)明瀝(li)青(qing)浸(jin)漬紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。1889年，英國(guo)人(ren)(ren)S.Z.費(fei)蘭(lan)梯在倫(lun)敦與德(de)特(te)福德(de)之(zhi)間敷(fu)設了(le)(le)10千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)油浸(jin)紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。1908年，英國(guo)建成(cheng)(cheng)20千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)網(wang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)得(de)到越來越廣(guang)的(de)應用(yong)。1911年，德(de)國(guo)敷(fu)設成(cheng)(cheng)60千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，開始了(le)(le)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)發(fa)展。1913年，德(de)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)M.霍(huo)希施泰特(te)研制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)分相屏蔽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan),改(gai)善了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)內部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)分布,消除了(le)(le)絕(jue)緣(yuan)表面的(de)正(zheng)切應力(li)，成(cheng)(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)發(fa)展中的(de)里程(cheng)碑。1952年，瑞典(dian)在北部發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠敷(fu)設了(le)(le)380千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)超(chao)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan),實現了(le)(le)超(chao)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)應用(yong)。到80年代已制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)1100千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)、1200千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)的(de)特(te)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。

分類：按電壓等級分

按電(dian)(dian)壓等級可分為中、低壓電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)（35千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏及(ji)以下）、高壓電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(110千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏以上(shang))、超高壓電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)（275～800千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏）以及(ji)特高壓電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)（1000千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏及(ji)以上(shang)）。此外，還可按電(dian)(dian)流(liu)制分為交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)和直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。

按絕緣材(cai)料分(fen)

1、油浸紙絕緣(yuan)電(dian)力電(dian)纜以(yi)油浸紙作絕緣(yuan)的電(dian)力電(dian)纜。其應用(yong)歷(li)史最長。它安全可靠，使(shi)用(yong)壽命長，價格(ge)低廉。主要缺點(dian)是敷(fu)設受落差限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)。自從開(kai)發出不滴流浸紙絕緣(yuan)后，解決了落差限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)問題，使(shi)油浸紙絕緣(yuan)電(dian)纜得以(yi)繼續廣泛應用(yong)。

2、塑(su)料絕緣電力電纜(lan)(lan) 　絕緣層為擠壓塑(su)料的電力電纜(lan)(lan)。常用(yong)的塑(su)料有聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、交聯聚乙烯。塑(su)料電纜(lan)(lan)結構簡單,制(zhi)(zhi)造加工方便，重量輕(qing)，敷(fu)(fu)設(she)安裝方便,不受敷(fu)(fu)設(she)落(luo)差限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)。因此(ci)廣(guang)泛應用(yong)作中低(di)壓電纜(lan)(lan)，并有取代粘性(xing)浸漬油紙(zhi)電纜(lan)(lan)的趨勢。其最大(da)缺點是(shi)存在樹枝化擊穿現象，這限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)了它(ta)在更(geng)高電壓的使用(yong)。

3、橡(xiang)皮絕(jue)緣(yuan)電力(li)電纜　絕(jue)緣(yuan)層為橡(xiang)膠(jiao)加上各種配合劑，經(jing)過充分混煉后擠包在導電線芯(xin)上，經(jing)過加溫硫(liu)化而成。它柔軟，富有彈性，適合于(yu)移動頻繁、敷設彎曲半徑小(xiao)的場合。

常用作絕緣的(de)膠(jiao)料(liao)有天(tian)然膠(jiao)-丁苯膠(jiao)混合(he)物，乙丙膠(jiao)、丁基膠(jiao)等。

按電壓等級分(fen)

1、低(di)壓電(dian)纜(lan)：適用于固定敷設在交流50Hz，額定電(dian)壓3kv及以下的輸配電(dian)線路上作輸送電(dian)能用。

2、中低壓電(dian)纜：（一般指35KV及以下）：聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)纜，聚(ju)乙烯(xi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)纜，交聯聚(ju)乙烯(xi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)纜等。

3、高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜：（一般為110KV及(ji)以上(shang)）：聚(ju)(ju)乙烯電(dian)(dian)纜和交聯(lian)聚(ju)(ju)乙烯絕緣電(dian)(dian)纜等。

4、超高(gao)壓電(dian)纜：（275～800千伏）。

5、特高壓電纜：（1000千伏及(ji)以上）。

基(ji)本結(jie)構：電力電纜的基(ji)本結(jie)構由線芯(xin)（導體）、絕緣層、屏(ping)蔽層和保護層四部(bu)分(fen)組(zu)成。

1.線(xian)芯是電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)部分(fen)，用來輸(shu)送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，是電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)主要部分(fen)。

2.絕(jue)緣層是將線芯與(yu)大(da)地(di)以及不同相的線芯間在電(dian)氣(qi)上彼(bi)此隔離，保證電(dian)能(neng)輸送(song)，是電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)結構中(zhong)不可缺少的組成部分。

3.15KV及(ji)以上的電力電纜一般都有導(dao)體屏蔽層和(he)絕緣屏蔽層。

4.保(bao)護(hu)層(ceng)的(de)作用是(shi)保(bao)護(hu)電力(li)電纜免受外界雜(za)質和(he)水分(fen)的(de)侵入，以及防止(zhi)外力(li)直接損壞電力(li)電纜。

主要優點(dian)：

1占(zhan)地(di)少(shao)(shao)。一般埋設于土壤中(zhong)或敷設于室(shi)內，溝道，隧道中(zhong)，線間(jian)絕緣距離小，不(bu)用桿塔，占(zhan)地(di)少(shao)(shao)，基(ji)本不(bu)占(zhan)地(di)面上空間(jian)。

2可靠(kao)性(xing)高。受氣候條件和周(zhou)圍環境影響小(xiao)，傳輸性(xing)能穩定，可靠(kao)性(xing)高。

3具有(you)(you)向超(chao)高壓，大容量(liang)發展的更為(wei)有(you)(you)利的條件，如低溫，超(chao)導電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜(lan)等(deng)。

4分布電容較大。

5維護工作量少。

6電擊可能性小。

型(xing)號說明

電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)型號

1.用(yong)漢(han)語(yu)拼音第一個(ge)字(zi)母(mu)的大寫表(biao)(biao)(biao)示絕(jue)緣種類、導體(ti)材(cai)料、內(nei)護層材(cai)料和結構特點。如用(yong)Z代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)紙（zhi）；L代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)鋁（lv）；Q代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)鉛（qian）；F代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)分相（fen）；ZR代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)阻(zu)燃（zuran）；NH代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)耐火（naihuo）。

2.用數字(zi)(zi)表示外(wai)護層構成，有(you)二位(wei)數字(zi)(zi)。無(wu)數字(zi)(zi)代(dai)表無(wu)鎧裝(zhuang)層，無(wu)外(wai)被(bei)層。第一位(wei)數字(zi)(zi)表示鎧裝(zhuang)，第二位(wei)數字(zi)(zi)表示外(wai)被(bei)，如粗(cu)鋼絲鎧裝(zhuang)纖(xian)維外(wai)被(bei)表示為41。

3.電纜(lan)型號按(an)電纜(lan)結構的排列(lie)一般依(yi)次(ci)序為：絕緣材料；導體材料；內(nei)護(hu)層；外護(hu)層。

4.電(dian)(dian)纜產品用型號(hao)(hao)、額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)規格表示。其方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)在型號(hao)(hao)后(hou)再加上(shang)說明額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、芯數和(he)標稱截面積的。

型號詳細(xi)說明

（1）類別：H——市內通信電(dian)纜(lan)HP——配線電(dian)纜(lan)HJ——局用電(dian)纜(lan)

（2）絕緣：Y——聚乙烯(xi)絕緣YF——泡(pao)沫聚烯(xi)烴(jing)絕緣YP——泡(pao)沫/實心皮聚烯(xi)烴(jing)絕緣

（3）內護層：A——涂塑鋁(lv)帶粘接屏蔽聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)護套(tao)(tao)S——鋁(lv)，鋼雙層金屬帶屏蔽聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)護套(tao)(tao)      V——聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯(xi)護套(tao)(tao)

（4）特征(zheng)：T——石油膏填充G——高頻(pin)隔離C——自承式

（5）外護層(ceng)：23——雙層(ceng)防腐鋼帶繞包銷裝聚乙(yi)烯外被(bei)層(ceng)

33——單(dan)層細鋼絲(si)鎧裝聚(ju)乙烯被層

43——單(dan)層粗鋼絲鎧裝聚乙烯(xi)被層

53——單(dan)層(ceng)鋼(gang)帶(dai)皺紋縱包(bao)鎧裝(zhuang)聚乙烯外被層(ceng)

553——雙(shuang)層鋼(gang)帶皺紋縱包鎧(kai)裝聚乙烯外被層

2） BV 銅芯聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電線；BLV 鋁芯聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電線；

BVV 銅芯(xin)(xin)聚(ju)氯(lv)(lv)乙烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)聚(ju)氯(lv)(lv)乙烯(xi)護套電線(xian)；BLVV 鋁芯(xin)(xin)聚(ju)氯(lv)(lv)乙烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)聚(ju)氯(lv)(lv)乙烯(xi)護套電線(xian)；

BVR 銅(tong)芯聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)絕緣軟線；RV 銅(tong)芯聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)絕緣安裝軟線；

RVB 銅(tong)芯聚氯乙(yi)烯絕緣(yuan)平(ping)型連接線(xian)軟(ruan)線(xian)；BVS 銅(tong)芯聚氯乙(yi)烯絕緣(yuan)絞型軟(ruan)線(xian)；

RVV 銅芯聚(ju)氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)絕緣聚(ju)氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)護套軟線；BYR 聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)絕緣軟電線；

BYVR 聚乙(yi)烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)聚氯乙(yi)烯(xi)護套(tao)軟線；RY 聚乙(yi)烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)軟線；

RYV 聚乙烯(xi)絕緣聚氯乙烯(xi)護套軟線

3）WD：無鹵低煙(yan)型ZR: 阻燃型NH：耐(nai)火型DH：防(fang)火型