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1.電性能檢測

主要有(you)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)、成(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗及絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗，每項都很重(zhong)要，導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)直(zhi)接反映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性能，直(zhi)接影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜在(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)行(xing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降、以(yi)及運(yun)行(xing)安(an)全(quan)，它主要考(kao)查導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材質(zhi)和截(jie)面積(ji)，若導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材質(zhi)不(bu)(bu)好(hao)或截(jie)面積(ji)嚴(yan)重(zhong)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)，就(jiu)會造成(cheng)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)嚴(yan)重(zhong)超標(biao)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜鋪(pu)設(she)在(zai)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)就(jiu)會增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)上通過時的(de)(de)(de)(de)損耗，引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)本(ben)身(shen)(shen)發熱(re)，引(yin)起包覆(fu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)老化開裂，造成(cheng)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路(lu)，甚(shen)至造成(cheng)火災，危及人身(shen)(shen)、財(cai)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)。標(biao)準對不(bu)(bu)同(tong)規(gui)格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值均有(you)嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)，不(bu)(bu)得大于標(biao)準規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)值。

絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗(yan)，均(jun)考查的是電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層和護(hu)套(tao)層的電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)能(neng)，絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是檢(jian)測(ce)兩個導體之間絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料的電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，它應足(zu)夠大(da)以(yi)起到絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)作(zuo)用。成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗(yan)不光要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜有足(zu)夠的絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)力，還要求絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或護(hu)套(tao)材(cai)料均(jun)勻無雜質、厚度足(zu)夠均(jun)勻，表面不能(neng)有看不見的沙眼、針孔(kong)等，否則(ze)就會造成耐壓試驗(yan)時局部擊穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是考查(cha)絕緣和護套塑料材料的抗(kang)張(zhang)強(qiang)度(du)、斷(duan)裂伸(shen)長率，包括(kuo)老化前(qian)后，還有(you)對(dui)于成品軟電(dian)纜(lan)進行的曲撓試(shi)驗、彎曲試(shi)驗、荷重斷(duan)芯(xin)試(shi)驗、絕緣線芯(xin)撕(si)裂試(shi)驗、靜(jing)態曲撓試(shi)驗等。老化前(qian)、后抗(kang)張(zhang)強(qiang)度(du)、老化前(qian)后斷(duan)裂伸(shen)長率是電(dian)纜(lan)絕緣和護套材料最重要(yao)(yao)(yao)最基本的指(zhi)標，要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)用作電(dian)纜(lan)絕緣和護套的材料，既(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)足夠的拉(la)伸(shen)強(qiang)度(du)不容(rong)易拉(la)斷(duan)，又(you)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)一定的柔韌(ren)性。

老化(hua)是指在高溫條件下(xia)，絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護套材(cai)料保持其原有性(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)能(neng)力，老化(hua)不(bu)應嚴重影響材(cai)料的(de)(de)抗(kang)張(zhang)強度和伸長率，這些都將直(zhi)接影響電(dian)纜的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命，若(ruo)抗(kang)張(zhang)強度和斷裂伸長率不(bu)合格，進行電(dian)纜的(de)(de)施工安裝時就極易出現護套或絕(jue)緣(yuan)體斷裂，或在光、熱環境(jing)下(xia)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)纜其護套和絕(jue)緣(yuan)容易變脆，斷裂，致使(shi)帶電(dian)導(dao)體裸露，發生(sheng)觸電(dian)危險。

另(ling)外軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)由于不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)固定敷設，使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)存在反復拖拉(la)、彎曲等(deng)情(qing)況，所以(yi)對于軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)標準又另(ling)外規(gui)定了在其成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)上加做動態曲撓(nao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、彎曲試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、荷重斷(duan)芯(xin)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)撕裂試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、靜態曲撓(nao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)等(deng)，以(yi)保證這種線纜(lan)(lan)在實際使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)滿足要求(qiu)。如動態曲撓(nao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)主要考核(he)軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在受到外界的機(ji)械拉(la)伸和彎曲等(deng)應(ying)力(li)時，軟導體的絞(jiao)合(he)線絲是(shi)(shi)(shi)否斷(duan)裂而(er)降(jiang)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的傳(chuan)輸性能，或者刺破(po)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)而(er)降(jiang)低(di)(di)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性能;絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)在受到應(ying)力(li)作用(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否變形(xing)或開(kai)裂而(er)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性能的一種試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)方法。

3.絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護套材料性能試驗(yan)

包括熱失(shi)重、熱沖(chong)擊、高(gao)溫(wen)壓(ya)力、低(di)溫(wen)彎曲、低(di)溫(wen)拉伸、低(di)溫(wen)沖(chong)擊、阻(zu)(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)能等等。這些(xie)都是(shi)考(kao)查絕(jue)(jue)緣和護套的(de)(de)(de)(de)塑料材(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能好壞，如熱失(shi)重試驗(yan)(yan)是(shi)檢測(ce)經(jing)過7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)老(lao)化后(hou)材(cai)(cai)料降解、揮發的(de)(de)(de)(de)程度;熱沖(chong)擊檢測(ce)在(zai)(zai)150℃高(gao)溫(wen)1h后(hou)經(jing)特殊卷繞的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣表面是(shi)否有開(kai)裂;高(gao)溫(wen)壓(ya)力檢測(ce)絕(jue)(jue)緣材(cai)(cai)料在(zai)(zai)經(jing)過高(gao)溫(wen)再冷卻后(hou)其彈性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保持程度;所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)溫(wen)試驗(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)般指在(zai)(zai)-15℃條件下其機械性(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化，都是(shi)檢測(ce)線(xian)纜(lan)(lan)材(cai)(cai)料在(zai)(zai)低(di)溫(wen)環境下是(shi)否變脆、易開(kai)裂或易拉斷(duan)等。 另(ling)外電纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)能勝能很重要(yao)，考(kao)查該項性(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)試驗(yan)(yan)為(wei)不延燃(ran)試驗(yan)(yan)，即對按標準(zhun)安裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)成品(pin)電纜(lan)(lan)用專(zhuan)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)火焰(yan)點燃(ran)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)，待其火焰(yan)自行熄(xi)滅后(hou)檢查線(xian)纜(lan)(lan)被燒的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，當然被燒掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)越少越好，說明其燃(ran)燒性(xing)(xing)差，阻(zu)(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)好，越安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)(biao)準要求電(dian)纜包(bao)裝上應附有(you)表示產(chan)品(pin)型(xing)號、規格(ge)、標(biao)(biao)準號、廠名(ming)和產(chan)地的標(biao)(biao)簽或(huo)標(biao)(biao)志，規格(ge)包(bao)括額定電(dian)壓(ya)、芯數和導(dao)體標(biao)(biao)稱(cheng)截面等(deng)(deng)；電(dian)纜表面應印有(you)制造(zao)廠名(ming)、產(chan)品(pin)型(xing)號和額定電(dian)壓(ya)的連續標(biao)(biao)志，標(biao)(biao)志間(jian)距要求≤200mm(絕(jue)緣表面)或(huo)≤500mm (護套表面)，標(biao)(biao)志內容應齊(qi)全、清晰、耐擦(ca)，這個要求是方(fang)便使用者(zhe)了解電(dian)纜的型(xing)號規格(ge)及電(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)(deng)級，以防敷設(she)錯誤。

另外(wai)，電線(xian)(xian)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)應(ying)(ying)(ying)優先選(xuan)用標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)推薦的(de)(de)顏色(se)(se)，特別(bie)要提(ti)的(de)(de)是黃(huang)/綠雙色(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，這種(zhong)線(xian)(xian)一(yi)般用在電器產品(pin)的(de)(de)電源線(xian)(xian)中，這條特殊雙色(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)專用于接(jie)地，對于黃(huang)/綠搭(da)配標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)也有(you)以下規(gui)定：即對每一(yi)段長(chang)巧~的(de)(de)雙色(se)(se)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，其中一(yi)種(zhong)顏色(se)(se)應(ying)(ying)(ying)至(zhi)少覆蓋絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)表(biao)面的(de)(de)30%，且不(bu)大于70%，而另一(yi)種(zhong)顏色(se)(se)則覆蓋絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)其余部分，即黃(huang)/綠雙色(se)(se)應(ying)(ying)(ying)基本均衡搭(da)配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包(bao)括(kuo)絕緣和護套(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)厚(hou)度(du)、最(zui)薄厚(hou)度(du)、外形(xing)尺寸等。絕緣和護套(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)厚(hou)度(du)大(da)小對于電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)能夠耐受多大(da)強度(du)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以及(ji)其(qi)機械性能好壞都有很重要的(de)(de)作用，所以對于不(bu)同(tong)規格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，標準(zhun)對厚(hou)度(du)都有嚴格(ge)(ge)規定，要求不(bu)得低于國(guo)家標準(zhun)的(de)(de)規定值。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕緣厚(hou)度(du)太薄會(hui)嚴重影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)使用安全，會(hui)帶來電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)擊穿、導體裸露引起漏電(dian)(dian)等安全隱(yin)患(huan)，當然也不(bu)是越(yue)厚(hou)越(yue)好，應不(bu)影(ying)響(xiang)安裝，故標準(zhun)又(you)設了一個外形(xing)尺寸要求對此進行限(xian)制(zhi)。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證(zheng)(zheng)強制(zhi)性認證(zheng)(zheng)，是進入國內(nei)市(shi)場(chang)的通(tong)行證(zheng)(zheng)。

2.CB認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)有利于產(chan)品(pin)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)用于家(jia)庭、辦公室、車間和類似(si)場所的(de)直接涉(she)及人身安全的(de)電工產(chan)品(pin)，這(zhe)類產(chan)品(pin)在一部分國家(jia)中實行強制性認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)，即取得該(gai)國的(de)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)合格證(zheng)(zheng)書后，才允許(xu)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)到該(gai)國，并(bing)在該(gai)國市場上銷售。即使在未(wei)實行強制性認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)國家(jia)中，消費者(zhe)為了自身的(de)安全，都(dou)愿意購買經(jing)過認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)而帶有認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)標志的(de)產(chan)品(pin)。

3.CE認證

是產(chan)品進入歐盟及(ji)歐洲貿易自由(you)區國家(jia)市場的通(tong)行證(zheng)。獲得認證(zheng)并貼有CE標(biao)志(zhi)的產(chan)品將降低在歐洲市場上銷售的風險：

1）被海關扣留和查處的風(feng)險;

2）被市場(chang)監督機(ji)構(gou)查處的風險;

3）同行出于競爭目的(de)的(de)指控(kong)風險。