国产精品成人网站/两攻一受3p双龙h调教/玩弄人妻少妇500系列/人妻换人妻仑乱/国产成人一区二区三区别

1.電性能檢測

主要(yao)(yao)有(you)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)，每項都很重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)，導(dao)(dao)(dao)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻直(zhi)(zhi)接反映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性能，直(zhi)(zhi)接影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)行中(zhong)的溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降、以(yi)及運(yun)行安全(quan)，它(ta)主要(yao)(yao)考查導(dao)(dao)(dao)體的材(cai)質和截面積，若(ruo)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體的材(cai)質不好或截面積嚴重(zhong)不足，就(jiu)會(hui)造(zao)成導(dao)(dao)(dao)體直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻嚴重(zhong)超標(biao)(biao)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)鋪設(she)在(zai)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)就(jiu)會(hui)增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在(zai)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)上通過(guo)時(shi)的損耗，引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體本身發熱(re)，引起包(bao)覆導(dao)(dao)(dao)體的絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)老化開(kai)裂，造(zao)成供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路(lu)(lu)(lu)，甚至造(zao)成火災，危及人身、財產的安全(quan)。標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)對不同(tong)規(gui)格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的導(dao)(dao)(dao)體直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值均有(you)嚴格的規(gui)定，不得大于標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)定的值。

絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗及絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗，均考查的(de)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)層和護套(tao)層的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性能，絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是檢測兩(liang)個(ge)導(dao)體之間絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材料的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，它應足夠(gou)大以(yi)起到(dao)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)保護作用。成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗及絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗不(bu)(bu)光要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜有足夠(gou)的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)能力，還要求絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)或(huo)護套(tao)材料均勻無雜質、厚(hou)度足夠(gou)均勻，表面不(bu)(bu)能有看(kan)不(bu)(bu)見的(de)沙眼、針(zhen)孔等，否則(ze)就會造成耐壓試驗時(shi)局部擊(ji)穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)是(shi)考查絕(jue)緣和護套(tao)(tao)塑料材料的(de)(de)抗張強(qiang)(qiang)度、斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)伸(shen)長(chang)率(lv)，包(bao)括老化前(qian)后，還有(you)對于成(cheng)品軟電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)進行的(de)(de)曲(qu)撓試(shi)驗、彎曲(qu)試(shi)驗、荷重(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)芯試(shi)驗、絕(jue)緣線芯撕裂(lie)試(shi)驗、靜態曲(qu)撓試(shi)驗等。老化前(qian)、后抗張強(qiang)(qiang)度、老化前(qian)后斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)伸(shen)長(chang)率(lv)是(shi)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)絕(jue)緣和護套(tao)(tao)材料最重(zhong)要(yao)最基本的(de)(de)指標，要(yao)求(qiu)用作電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)絕(jue)緣和護套(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)材料，既要(yao)有(you)足(zu)夠的(de)(de)拉(la)伸(shen)強(qiang)(qiang)度不容易拉(la)斷(duan)(duan)，又要(yao)有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)柔(rou)韌性。

老化是指在高溫條(tiao)件下(xia)，絕緣和護(hu)套(tao)材(cai)料保(bao)持(chi)其(qi)原有性能的能力(li)，老化不(bu)(bu)應嚴重(zhong)影響材(cai)料的抗張強(qiang)度和伸長率(lv)，這(zhe)些都將直接影響電(dian)纜(lan)的使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)，若(ruo)抗張強(qiang)度和斷(duan)裂(lie)伸長率(lv)不(bu)(bu)合(he)格(ge)，進行電(dian)纜(lan)的施(shi)工安裝時就極易出現(xian)護(hu)套(tao)或絕緣體(ti)斷(duan)裂(lie)，或在光、熱環境下(xia)使(shi)用(yong)的電(dian)纜(lan)其(qi)護(hu)套(tao)和絕緣容易變(bian)脆(cui)，斷(duan)裂(lie)，致使(shi)帶電(dian)導體(ti)裸露，發生(sheng)觸電(dian)危險。

另外(wai)軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜由于不是(shi)固定(ding)敷設，使(shi)用中(zhong)存在反復拖(tuo)拉、彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)等(deng)情況，所以(yi)對于軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜標準又另外(wai)規定(ding)了在其成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜上加做動態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷重斷芯(xin)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕緣線芯(xin)撕裂(lie)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等(deng)，以(yi)保(bao)證這種線纜在實際(ji)使(shi)用中(zhong)滿足要求。如動態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)主(zhu)要考核(he)軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜在受到(dao)外(wai)界(jie)的機械拉伸和彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)等(deng)應力(li)時，軟(ruan)導體的絞合(he)線絲是(shi)否斷裂(lie)而降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的傳輸性(xing)能，或者刺破(po)絕緣而降低絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能;絕緣在受到(dao)應力(li)作用是(shi)是(shi)否變形或開(kai)裂(lie)而影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕緣性(xing)能的一(yi)種試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方法。

3.絕(jue)緣和護套材料性能試驗

包(bao)括(kuo)熱失(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)、熱沖(chong)擊、高(gao)溫(wen)壓(ya)力(li)、低(di)(di)溫(wen)彎曲、低(di)(di)溫(wen)拉伸、低(di)(di)溫(wen)沖(chong)擊、阻燃性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)等(deng)等(deng)。這(zhe)些都是考查絕緣(yuan)和護套的(de)(de)塑料材(cai)料的(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)好(hao)壞，如熱失(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)(shi)驗是檢測(ce)經過(guo)7天80℃的(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)老(lao)化(hua)后材(cai)料降解、揮發的(de)(de)程度;熱沖(chong)擊檢測(ce)在150℃高(gao)溫(wen)1h后經特(te)殊卷繞的(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)表面是否(fou)有開裂;高(gao)溫(wen)壓(ya)力(li)檢測(ce)絕緣(yuan)材(cai)料在經過(guo)高(gao)溫(wen)再冷卻后其彈性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)保持(chi)程度;所(suo)有的(de)(de)低(di)(di)溫(wen)試(shi)(shi)驗一(yi)般指在-15℃條件下其機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)變化(hua)，都是檢測(ce)線纜(lan)(lan)材(cai)料在低(di)(di)溫(wen)環境下是否(fou)變脆、易開裂或易拉斷等(deng)。 另外電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)阻燃性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)勝(sheng)能(neng)(neng)很重(zhong)(zhong)要，考查該項性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗為不延燃試(shi)(shi)驗，即對按標準安(an)裝的(de)(de)成(cheng)品電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)用專門(men)的(de)(de)火焰點燃一(yi)定的(de)(de)時間，待其火焰自行熄(xi)滅后檢查線纜(lan)(lan)被燒的(de)(de)情況(kuang)，當然(ran)被燒掉的(de)(de)部分越(yue)少越(yue)好(hao)，說明其燃燒性(xing)(xing)差(cha)，阻燃性(xing)(xing)好(hao)，越(yue)安(an)全(quan)。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)(biao)準要求(qiu)(qiu)電(dian)(dian)纜包裝上應附有表(biao)示(shi)產(chan)(chan)品型號(hao)(hao)、規格(ge)、標(biao)(biao)準號(hao)(hao)、廠名和(he)產(chan)(chan)地(di)的標(biao)(biao)簽或(huo)標(biao)(biao)志，規格(ge)包括(kuo)額定電(dian)(dian)壓、芯數(shu)和(he)導體標(biao)(biao)稱截(jie)面(mian)等；電(dian)(dian)纜表(biao)面(mian)應印有制造廠名、產(chan)(chan)品型號(hao)(hao)和(he)額定電(dian)(dian)壓的連續標(biao)(biao)志，標(biao)(biao)志間距要求(qiu)(qiu)≤200mm(絕緣表(biao)面(mian))或(huo)≤500mm (護(hu)套表(biao)面(mian))，標(biao)(biao)志內(nei)容(rong)應齊全、清(qing)晰、耐擦(ca)，這個(ge)要求(qiu)(qiu)是方便使(shi)用者了解電(dian)(dian)纜的型號(hao)(hao)規格(ge)及電(dian)(dian)壓等級，以防(fang)敷設錯誤。

另(ling)外，電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯應(ying)優先選(xuan)用標準推(tui)薦的(de)顏(yan)色(se)，特(te)別(bie)要提的(de)是黃(huang)(huang)/綠雙色(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯，這種線(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般用在電(dian)器產(chan)品(pin)的(de)電(dian)源線(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)，這條特(te)殊雙色(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)專用于(yu)(yu)接地，對于(yu)(yu)黃(huang)(huang)/綠搭配標準也有以下規定(ding)：即對每一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段長巧(qiao)~的(de)雙色(se)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯，其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種顏(yan)色(se)應(ying)至少覆蓋絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯表(biao)面的(de)30%，且不大于(yu)(yu)70%，而另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種顏(yan)色(se)則覆蓋絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯的(de)其(qi)余(yu)部分(fen)，即黃(huang)(huang)/綠雙色(se)應(ying)基(ji)本均(jun)衡搭配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕緣(yuan)和護(hu)(hu)套(tao)的(de)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)、最薄(bo)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)、外(wai)形尺(chi)寸(cun)等。絕緣(yuan)和護(hu)(hu)套(tao)的(de)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)大(da)小(xiao)對(dui)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)能(neng)夠耐受多(duo)大(da)強度(du)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以(yi)及其機械(xie)性能(neng)好壞都(dou)有很重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)作用(yong)，所以(yi)對(dui)于(yu)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)規格(ge)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，標(biao)準(zhun)對(dui)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)都(dou)有嚴格(ge)規定，要(yao)求不(bu)(bu)得低(di)于(yu)國家標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)規定值。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)絕緣(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)太(tai)薄(bo)會(hui)嚴重(zhong)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)使用(yong)安(an)全(quan)，會(hui)帶來電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)擊穿、導體裸露引起漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)等安(an)全(quan)隱患，當然也不(bu)(bu)是(shi)越(yue)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)越(yue)好，應(ying)不(bu)(bu)影響安(an)裝，故標(biao)準(zhun)又設了一個外(wai)形尺(chi)寸(cun)要(yao)求對(dui)此進行限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認(ren)證強(qiang)制性認(ren)證，是進入國內(nei)市場(chang)的通行證。

2.CB認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)有(you)利于產(chan)品出口用(yong)于家庭、辦公室、車間和類似場所的(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)接涉及人(ren)身安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電工產(chan)品，這類產(chan)品在(zai)(zai)一部分(fen)國(guo)家中實行強(qiang)制性認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)，即取得該(gai)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)合格證(zheng)(zheng)書后，才(cai)允(yun)許(xu)出口到該(gai)國(guo)，并在(zai)(zai)該(gai)國(guo)市場上銷售。即使在(zai)(zai)未實行強(qiang)制性認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家中，消費者為了自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)，都(dou)愿意(yi)購(gou)買經(jing)過認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)而(er)帶有(you)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)標志的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品。

3.CE認證

是產品進(jin)入歐盟及歐洲貿易自由區國家市場的(de)通行證(zheng)。獲(huo)得認證(zheng)并貼有CE標志的(de)產品將降低在歐洲市場上銷售的(de)風(feng)險：

1）被(bei)海關扣留和查處的風險;

2）被市(shi)場(chang)監督(du)機構查處(chu)的(de)風險;

3）同行出于(yu)競爭目的的指控風(feng)險。