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1.電性能檢測

主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗及(ji)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗，每項都很重(zhong)要(yao)，導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)直(zhi)接(jie)反映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性能(neng)，直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)行(xing)中的(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)、壽命(ming)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降(jiang)、以及(ji)運(yun)行(xing)安全，它主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)考查導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)材質(zhi)和截(jie)面(mian)積(ji)，若導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)材質(zhi)不好(hao)或截(jie)面(mian)積(ji)嚴重(zhong)不足，就(jiu)會造(zao)成導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)嚴重(zhong)超標，這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)鋪設(she)在(zai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路中就(jiu)會增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路上通過時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)損耗，引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)本(ben)身發熱，引起(qi)包覆導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)老化開裂，造(zao)成供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路，甚至造(zao)成火(huo)災，危及(ji)人身、財(cai)產的(de)(de)(de)安全。標準對不同規格(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值均有(you)(you)嚴格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)規定，不得大于標準規定的(de)(de)(de)值。

絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗，均考(kao)查(cha)的(de)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層和護(hu)套(tao)層的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性能，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻是檢測(ce)兩(liang)個導體(ti)之間(jian)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材料的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，它應足(zu)(zu)夠(gou)大以(yi)起(qi)到絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護(hu)作用。成(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗不(bu)光要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜有足(zu)(zu)夠(gou)的(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能力，還要求絕(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或護(hu)套(tao)材料均勻(yun)無(wu)雜質、厚(hou)度足(zu)(zu)夠(gou)均勻(yun)，表面(mian)不(bu)能有看不(bu)見(jian)的(de)沙眼、針(zhen)孔(kong)等，否(fou)則就會造成(cheng)耐壓試(shi)驗時局部擊穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主要是考查絕(jue)(jue)緣和護(hu)(hu)套塑(su)料(liao)材(cai)料(liao)的抗張強度(du)(du)、斷(duan)裂(lie)伸長(chang)率，包括老(lao)化前(qian)后(hou)，還有(you)對(dui)于成(cheng)品軟電(dian)纜(lan)進行的曲撓(nao)試驗(yan)(yan)、彎曲試驗(yan)(yan)、荷(he)重(zhong)斷(duan)芯試驗(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)(jue)緣線芯撕(si)裂(lie)試驗(yan)(yan)、靜(jing)態曲撓(nao)試驗(yan)(yan)等。老(lao)化前(qian)、后(hou)抗張強度(du)(du)、老(lao)化前(qian)后(hou)斷(duan)裂(lie)伸長(chang)率是電(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)緣和護(hu)(hu)套材(cai)料(liao)最重(zhong)要最基本的指標，要求用(yong)作(zuo)電(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)緣和護(hu)(hu)套的材(cai)料(liao)，既(ji)要有(you)足夠的拉伸強度(du)(du)不容易拉斷(duan)，又要有(you)一定的柔(rou)韌(ren)性。

老化(hua)(hua)是指在高(gao)溫條件下(xia)，絕緣和(he)(he)護(hu)套(tao)(tao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)保持其原有性能的(de)能力(li)，老化(hua)(hua)不(bu)應嚴重影(ying)響材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)抗張強度(du)和(he)(he)伸長(chang)率(lv)，這些(xie)都將(jiang)直(zhi)接影(ying)響電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)使用(yong)壽命(ming)，若抗張強度(du)和(he)(he)斷(duan)裂伸長(chang)率(lv)不(bu)合(he)格，進行電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)施工安裝時就極易出現護(hu)套(tao)(tao)或絕緣體(ti)斷(duan)裂，或在光、熱環境下(xia)使用(yong)的(de)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)其護(hu)套(tao)(tao)和(he)(he)絕緣容易變脆，斷(duan)裂，致使帶電(dian)導體(ti)裸(luo)露，發生觸電(dian)危險。

另(ling)外軟電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)由于(yu)不是(shi)固(gu)定敷(fu)設，使用中存在(zai)(zai)反復拖拉、彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)等情況，所以對于(yu)軟電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)標(biao)準(zhun)又(you)另(ling)外規定了在(zai)(zai)其成品電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)上加做動態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)驗、彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)驗、荷(he)重斷(duan)芯(xin)試(shi)驗、絕(jue)緣(yuan)線芯(xin)撕(si)裂試(shi)驗、靜態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)驗等，以保證這種線纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)(zai)實際使用中滿(man)足要求。如動態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)驗主要考核軟電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)(zai)受到(dao)外界(jie)的(de)機械拉伸和彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)等應力(li)時(shi)，軟導體的(de)絞合線絲(si)是(shi)否斷(duan)裂而降低電(dian)(dian)的(de)傳輸性能(neng)，或者刺破絕(jue)緣(yuan)而降低絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)氣性能(neng);絕(jue)緣(yuan)在(zai)(zai)受到(dao)應力(li)作用是(shi)是(shi)否變形或開裂而影響電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)性能(neng)的(de)一種試(shi)驗方法。

3.絕緣和護套材料性能試驗

包括(kuo)熱失重(zhong)、熱沖擊(ji)、高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力(li)、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)彎曲(qu)、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)拉(la)伸、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)沖擊(ji)、阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)等等。這些都(dou)(dou)是考查(cha)絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)塑料材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)好(hao)(hao)壞，如熱失重(zhong)試驗(yan)是檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)經過7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)老化(hua)后材料降解(jie)、揮發的(de)(de)(de)(de)程度(du);熱沖擊(ji)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)在(zai)150℃高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后經特(te)殊(shu)卷繞的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)表(biao)面是否有開(kai)裂(lie);高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力(li)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)絕(jue)緣(yuan)材料在(zai)經過高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)再冷卻(que)后其(qi)彈性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)持(chi)程度(du);所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)試驗(yan)一(yi)般指在(zai)-15℃條件下其(qi)機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)，都(dou)(dou)是檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)線纜(lan)(lan)材料在(zai)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)環境下是否變(bian)脆、易開(kai)裂(lie)或易拉(la)斷(duan)等。 另外電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)勝(sheng)能(neng)(neng)很重(zhong)要，考查(cha)該項性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)試驗(yan)為不(bu)延(yan)燃(ran)試驗(yan)，即對(dui)按標準安裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)成品電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)用專(zhuan)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)火焰點燃(ran)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)，待(dai)其(qi)火焰自行熄(xi)滅后檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)線纜(lan)(lan)被(bei)燒的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，當然(ran)被(bei)燒掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分越少越好(hao)(hao)，說明其(qi)燃(ran)燒性(xing)(xing)差，阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)好(hao)(hao)，越安全。

4.標志檢查

標準(zhun)要(yao)求(qiu)電纜包裝上應(ying)附有(you)表示產品(pin)型(xing)號(hao)、規格(ge)、標準(zhun)號(hao)、廠(chang)名和(he)產地(di)的(de)標簽或(huo)標志(zhi)，規格(ge)包括額定電壓、芯數和(he)導體標稱(cheng)截面(mian)(mian)等(deng)；電纜表面(mian)(mian)應(ying)印有(you)制(zhi)造廠(chang)名、產品(pin)型(xing)號(hao)和(he)額定電壓的(de)連續標志(zhi)，標志(zhi)間距要(yao)求(qiu)≤200mm(絕緣表面(mian)(mian))或(huo)≤500mm (護套表面(mian)(mian))，標志(zhi)內容應(ying)齊全、清晰、耐擦，這個(ge)要(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)方便使(shi)用(yong)者了(le)解(jie)電纜的(de)型(xing)號(hao)規格(ge)及電壓等(deng)級，以防敷設錯誤。

另(ling)外，電線(xian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯應優(you)先選用(yong)(yong)標準推薦的(de)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)，特別要提的(de)是黃/綠(lv)(lv)雙(shuang)色(se)(se)線(xian)芯，這(zhe)種(zhong)線(xian)一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)在電器產品的(de)電源線(xian)中(zhong)，這(zhe)條特殊雙(shuang)色(se)(se)線(xian)專用(yong)(yong)于接地，對于黃/綠(lv)(lv)搭配標準也有以下規定(ding)：即對每一(yi)段長巧~的(de)雙(shuang)色(se)(se)絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯，其中(zhong)一(yi)種(zhong)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)應至(zhi)少覆蓋絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯表面的(de)30%，且不(bu)大于70%，而另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)則覆蓋絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯的(de)其余部分(fen)，即黃/綠(lv)(lv)雙(shuang)色(se)(se)應基本均衡搭配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包(bao)括絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護套的(de)厚(hou)度(du)、最薄(bo)厚(hou)度(du)、外形(xing)尺寸等(deng)。絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護套的(de)厚(hou)度(du)大(da)小對(dui)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)能夠耐受多大(da)強度(du)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，以(yi)及其機(ji)械性能好壞(huai)都有很重要(yao)的(de)作用(yong)，所以(yi)對(dui)于(yu)不同規(gui)格的(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，標準(zhun)對(dui)厚(hou)度(du)都有嚴(yan)格規(gui)定，要(yao)求不得低于(yu)國家標準(zhun)的(de)規(gui)定值。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)厚(hou)度(du)太薄(bo)會(hui)嚴(yan)重影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)使用(yong)安全(quan)，會(hui)帶來電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)擊穿、導體裸露引起漏電(dian)(dian)等(deng)安全(quan)隱(yin)患，當然也不是越厚(hou)越好，應不影(ying)響(xiang)安裝，故(gu)標準(zhun)又(you)設了一(yi)個外形(xing)尺寸要(yao)求對(dui)此(ci)進行限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證強制(zhi)性(xing)認證，是進入國內市場的(de)通(tong)行證。

2.CB認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)有利于產品(pin)出口用于家(jia)(jia)庭、辦公室、車間和類似場所的(de)(de)直接涉及人身(shen)安(an)(an)全的(de)(de)電工產品(pin)，這類產品(pin)在一部分國(guo)家(jia)(jia)中(zhong)實(shi)行強制(zhi)性認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，即取得該(gai)國(guo)的(de)(de)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合格證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書后，才允許出口到該(gai)國(guo)，并在該(gai)國(guo)市場上銷售。即使(shi)在未實(shi)行強制(zhi)性認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)中(zhong)，消費者(zhe)為了自身(shen)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全，都愿(yuan)意購買經過認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)而帶有認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)標志的(de)(de)產品(pin)。

3.CE認證

是產(chan)品(pin)(pin)進(jin)入歐(ou)(ou)盟(meng)及歐(ou)(ou)洲貿易自(zi)由區國(guo)家市場(chang)的通行證(zheng)。獲得認證(zheng)并(bing)貼有CE標(biao)志的產(chan)品(pin)(pin)將降低在歐(ou)(ou)洲市場(chang)上銷(xiao)售的風險：

1）被海關(guan)扣留和(he)查處的風(feng)險;

2）被市(shi)場(chang)監督機構查處的風險;

3）同行(xing)出于競(jing)爭目(mu)的的指(zhi)控風險。