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1.電性能檢測

主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有導體(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)，每項都很(hen)重(zhong)要(yao)，導體(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻直(zhi)接反映了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)輸性能，直(zhi)接影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行(xing)中的(de)(de)溫(wen)度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)、以及(ji)運行(xing)安全，它主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)考查導體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)材質和截面積，若導體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)材質不好(hao)或截面積嚴重(zhong)不足，就(jiu)會造成導體(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻嚴重(zhong)超標(biao)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)鋪設在(zai)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)中就(jiu)會增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在(zai)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)上(shang)通過時的(de)(de)損耗，引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導體(ti)(ti)(ti)本身發熱，引起包覆(fu)導體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)老化開裂，造成供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路(lu)，甚至造成火災，危及(ji)人身、財(cai)產的(de)(de)安全。標(biao)準(zhun)對(dui)不同規格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)導體(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)均有嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)，不得(de)大于(yu)標(biao)準(zhun)規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)值(zhi)。

絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻、成品電(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯間(jian)電(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，均(jun)考(kao)查的(de)(de)是(shi)電(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層和護(hu)套層的(de)(de)電(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性能(neng)，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻是(shi)檢測(ce)兩個導(dao)體之間(jian)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材料(liao)的(de)(de)電(dian)阻，它(ta)應(ying)足夠大以起(qi)到(dao)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護(hu)作(zuo)用。成品電(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯間(jian)電(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)不(bu)光要求電(dian)纜(lan)有足夠的(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)力，還(huan)要求絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或護(hu)套材料(liao)均(jun)勻(yun)無雜質(zhi)、厚(hou)度足夠均(jun)勻(yun)，表面不(bu)能(neng)有看(kan)不(bu)見的(de)(de)沙(sha)眼、針孔等，否則(ze)就會(hui)造(zao)成耐壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時局部擊穿(chuan)。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)是(shi)考查絕緣(yuan)和護套(tao)塑料(liao)材料(liao)的(de)抗張強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)、斷裂伸(shen)(shen)長率，包括老(lao)化(hua)前(qian)后，還有對于成品軟電纜進行(xing)的(de)曲撓(nao)試(shi)驗、彎曲試(shi)驗、荷重(zhong)斷芯(xin)試(shi)驗、絕緣(yuan)線芯(xin)撕裂試(shi)驗、靜態(tai)曲撓(nao)試(shi)驗等。老(lao)化(hua)前(qian)、后抗張強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)、老(lao)化(hua)前(qian)后斷裂伸(shen)(shen)長率是(shi)電纜絕緣(yuan)和護套(tao)材料(liao)最重(zhong)要(yao)最基本的(de)指標(biao)，要(yao)求(qiu)用作電纜絕緣(yuan)和護套(tao)的(de)材料(liao)，既要(yao)有足夠的(de)拉(la)伸(shen)(shen)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)不容易拉(la)斷，又要(yao)有一定的(de)柔(rou)韌性。

老化是指(zhi)在高溫(wen)條件(jian)下(xia)，絕(jue)(jue)緣和(he)護套(tao)材料保持其原(yuan)有性(xing)能的(de)能力，老化不應嚴重影響材料的(de)抗張強度(du)和(he)伸長率，這些都將(jiang)直接影響電纜的(de)使(shi)(shi)用壽命，若抗張強度(du)和(he)斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)伸長率不合格，進行(xing)電纜的(de)施工安裝時(shi)就極易(yi)出現護套(tao)或絕(jue)(jue)緣體(ti)斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)，或在光、熱環境(jing)下(xia)使(shi)(shi)用的(de)電纜其護套(tao)和(he)絕(jue)(jue)緣容易(yi)變(bian)脆，斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)，致使(shi)(shi)帶(dai)電導體(ti)裸露，發生觸(chu)電危險。

另(ling)外(wai)軟(ruan)(ruan)電(dian)纜由(you)于(yu)不是固定敷設，使用(yong)中存在反(fan)復拖(tuo)拉、彎(wan)曲(qu)等情況(kuang)，所以對于(yu)軟(ruan)(ruan)電(dian)纜標準(zhun)又另(ling)外(wai)規定了在其成品電(dian)纜上加(jia)做動態曲(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎(wan)曲(qu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷重斷芯試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)緣線芯撕(si)裂試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜態曲(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等，以保證這種線纜在實際使用(yong)中滿(man)足要求。如動態曲(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)主(zhu)要考核(he)軟(ruan)(ruan)電(dian)纜在受(shou)(shou)到外(wai)界(jie)的(de)機(ji)械拉伸和彎(wan)曲(qu)等應力時，軟(ruan)(ruan)導體的(de)絞合線絲(si)是否斷裂而降低(di)電(dian)的(de)傳輸(shu)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)，或者刺破絕(jue)緣而降低(di)絕(jue)緣電(dian)氣性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng);絕(jue)緣在受(shou)(shou)到應力作用(yong)是是否變形或開裂而影響電(dian)纜的(de)電(dian)氣絕(jue)緣性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)一種試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方法。

3.絕緣和護(hu)套材(cai)料性能試驗

包括(kuo)熱(re)失(shi)(shi)重、熱(re)沖擊、高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)彎(wan)曲(qu)、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)拉伸、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)沖擊、阻(zu)燃(ran)(ran)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)等(deng)等(deng)。這些都(dou)是(shi)(shi)考(kao)(kao)查(cha)(cha)絕(jue)緣和護(hu)套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑料(liao)(liao)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)好(hao)壞，如(ru)熱(re)失(shi)(shi)重試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)是(shi)(shi)檢(jian)測經(jing)過7天(tian)80℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)老化后(hou)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)降(jiang)解、揮發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度;熱(re)沖擊檢(jian)測在(zai)150℃高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后(hou)經(jing)特(te)殊卷(juan)繞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣表(biao)面是(shi)(shi)否有開裂;高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力檢(jian)測絕(jue)緣材(cai)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)經(jing)過高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)再冷卻后(hou)其(qi)彈性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保持程度;所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)一(yi)般指在(zai)-15℃條件(jian)下其(qi)機械性(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)檢(jian)測線纜材(cai)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)環境下是(shi)(shi)否變脆(cui)、易開裂或易拉斷(duan)等(deng)。 另外電纜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)燃(ran)(ran)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)勝能(neng)(neng)很重要，考(kao)(kao)查(cha)(cha)該項(xiang)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)為不延燃(ran)(ran)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，即對按標準安裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成品電纜用專(zhuan)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火焰點燃(ran)(ran)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)，待(dai)其(qi)火焰自行熄(xi)滅后(hou)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)線纜被燒(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，當然被燒(shao)掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分越少越好(hao)，說明其(qi)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)性(xing)差(cha)，阻(zu)燃(ran)(ran)性(xing)好(hao)，越安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)準要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)纜(lan)包(bao)裝上應(ying)附有(you)表示產(chan)(chan)品(pin)型(xing)號(hao)、規(gui)(gui)格(ge)、標(biao)準號(hao)、廠名和(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)地的(de)標(biao)簽或(huo)標(biao)志，規(gui)(gui)格(ge)包(bao)括額(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓、芯數和(he)(he)導(dao)體(ti)標(biao)稱截面等；電(dian)纜(lan)表面應(ying)印有(you)制(zhi)造(zao)廠名、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)型(xing)號(hao)和(he)(he)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓的(de)連(lian)續(xu)標(biao)志，標(biao)志間(jian)距要(yao)求(qiu)≤200mm(絕緣表面)或(huo)≤500mm (護套表面)，標(biao)志內容應(ying)齊全、清晰、耐擦(ca)，這個要(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)方便使(shi)用者了解電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)型(xing)號(hao)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)及(ji)電(dian)壓等級，以防敷(fu)設錯誤(wu)。

另(ling)(ling)外(wai)，電線(xian)(xian)絕緣線(xian)(xian)芯應優先選(xuan)用(yong)標準(zhun)推薦的顏色(se)(se)(se)，特別要(yao)提(ti)的是(shi)黃/綠(lv)(lv)雙(shuang)色(se)(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)芯，這種(zhong)線(xian)(xian)一般用(yong)在電器產品的電源線(xian)(xian)中(zhong)，這條(tiao)特殊(shu)雙(shuang)色(se)(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)專用(yong)于接地，對于黃/綠(lv)(lv)搭(da)配標準(zhun)也(ye)有以下規定：即對每一段長巧~的雙(shuang)色(se)(se)(se)絕緣線(xian)(xian)芯，其中(zhong)一種(zhong)顏色(se)(se)(se)應至少覆蓋絕緣線(xian)(xian)芯表面的30%，且不(bu)大于70%，而另(ling)(ling)一種(zhong)顏色(se)(se)(se)則(ze)覆蓋絕緣線(xian)(xian)芯的其余部(bu)分(fen)，即黃/綠(lv)(lv)雙(shuang)色(se)(se)(se)應基(ji)本均衡搭(da)配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包(bao)括(kuo)絕緣和護套的(de)(de)(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)、最薄厚(hou)(hou)度(du)、外形(xing)(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)等(deng)。絕緣和護套的(de)(de)(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)大小對(dui)于電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)能夠耐受多大強度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，以及其機(ji)械性能好壞都有(you)很(hen)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，所以對(dui)于不同規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，標(biao)準對(dui)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)都有(you)嚴格規定，要求(qiu)不得低(di)于國家(jia)標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定值。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕緣厚(hou)(hou)度(du)太薄會嚴重影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用安全，會帶來電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)擊(ji)穿、導體(ti)裸露(lu)引起漏電(dian)(dian)等(deng)安全隱(yin)患，當然也不是(shi)越厚(hou)(hou)越好，應不影響(xiang)安裝，故標(biao)準又設了(le)一個(ge)外形(xing)(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)要求(qiu)對(dui)此進行限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證強制性認證，是進入國內市場(chang)的通行證。

2.CB認(ren)證有利于(yu)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)出口用于(yu)家庭、辦公室(shi)、車間和類似(si)場所的(de)(de)(de)(de)直接涉及(ji)人(ren)身安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)工產(chan)品(pin)(pin)，這類產(chan)品(pin)(pin)在一部分國(guo)(guo)家中實行(xing)強制(zhi)性認(ren)證，即取得該(gai)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)證合(he)格證書后，才(cai)允許(xu)出口到該(gai)國(guo)(guo)，并在該(gai)國(guo)(guo)市場上銷售。即使在未實行(xing)強制(zhi)性認(ren)證的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家中，消費者為了自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全，都愿(yuan)意購買經過(guo)認(ren)證而帶有認(ren)證標志的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)。

3.CE認證

是產品進入歐盟(meng)及(ji)歐洲貿易自由區(qu)國家市場的(de)通行證。獲得(de)認證并貼有CE標(biao)志的(de)產品將降低(di)在歐洲市場上銷(xiao)售的(de)風險：

1）被(bei)海關扣留和(he)查處的風險;

2）被市場監(jian)督(du)機構查處的(de)風險(xian);

3）同行(xing)出于競爭目的的指(zhi)控風(feng)險。