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1.電性能檢測

主要(yao)有導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)、成(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗及(ji)絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗，每(mei)項都很重(zhong)要(yao)，導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)反映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸(shu)性(xing)能，直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜在通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)(yun)行中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)、以及(ji)運(yun)(yun)行安全(quan)，它主要(yao)考查導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)材質(zhi)和截(jie)(jie)面(mian)積，若導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)材質(zhi)不(bu)(bu)好或截(jie)(jie)面(mian)積嚴(yan)重(zhong)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)，就(jiu)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)嚴(yan)重(zhong)超標(biao)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜鋪設(she)在線(xian)路中(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)會(hui)增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在線(xian)路上通(tong)過時的(de)(de)損耗，引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)本(ben)身(shen)發熱，引起(qi)包覆導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)老化開(kai)裂，造(zao)成(cheng)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路，甚至造(zao)成(cheng)火災，危(wei)及(ji)人身(shen)、財(cai)產(chan)的(de)(de)安全(quan)。標(biao)準對(dui)不(bu)(bu)同規(gui)格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)均(jun)有嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)，不(bu)(bu)得大于標(biao)準規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)值(zhi)。

絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)，均考查的(de)(de)(de)是電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層和護套層的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性能，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是檢測兩個導體之間絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，它應足夠大以起到絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護作用。成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)不光要求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)有足夠的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能力(li)，還要求(qiu)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或護套材(cai)料均勻(yun)無雜質、厚度(du)足夠均勻(yun)，表(biao)面(mian)不能有看不見的(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)眼、針孔(kong)等，否則就會造成耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時局(ju)部擊穿(chuan)。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)是考查絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)和護(hu)(hu)套塑(su)料(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)抗張(zhang)強(qiang)(qiang)度、斷(duan)裂伸(shen)長(chang)率，包括老(lao)化(hua)前后(hou)，還有對于成品(pin)軟電纜(lan)進行的(de)(de)曲撓試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎曲試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷(he)重斷(duan)芯試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線芯撕裂試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜態(tai)曲撓試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等(deng)。老(lao)化(hua)前、后(hou)抗張(zhang)強(qiang)(qiang)度、老(lao)化(hua)前后(hou)斷(duan)裂伸(shen)長(chang)率是電纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)和護(hu)(hu)套材料(liao)(liao)最(zui)重要(yao)最(zui)基本的(de)(de)指標，要(yao)求用(yong)作電纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)和護(hu)(hu)套的(de)(de)材料(liao)(liao)，既要(yao)有足夠的(de)(de)拉(la)伸(shen)強(qiang)(qiang)度不容(rong)易拉(la)斷(duan)，又要(yao)有一定的(de)(de)柔韌性。

老化是指在高(gao)溫條件下(xia)，絕緣和護套(tao)材料保持其原有性(xing)能的能力，老化不應嚴重影(ying)(ying)響材料的抗張強度(du)和伸長(chang)率，這些都將直接影(ying)(ying)響電(dian)纜(lan)的使用(yong)壽命，若抗張強度(du)和斷(duan)裂伸長(chang)率不合格，進行電(dian)纜(lan)的施工安(an)裝時就(jiu)極(ji)易(yi)出現護套(tao)或(huo)絕緣體斷(duan)裂，或(huo)在光、熱環境下(xia)使用(yong)的電(dian)纜(lan)其護套(tao)和絕緣容易(yi)變脆，斷(duan)裂，致使帶電(dian)導體裸(luo)露(lu)，發生(sheng)觸電(dian)危(wei)險。

另外軟電(dian)纜由于不是(shi)固定敷設，使用(yong)中存在反(fan)復拖拉、彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)情況，所以對于軟電(dian)纜標準(zhun)又另外規定了在其成品電(dian)纜上加做動態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、荷重斷芯試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯撕(si)裂試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、靜態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)，以保(bao)證這種(zhong)線(xian)(xian)纜在實際使用(yong)中滿足要求(qiu)。如動態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)主要考核軟電(dian)纜在受到外界的機械拉伸(shen)和彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)應(ying)力時，軟導體的絞(jiao)合線(xian)(xian)絲(si)是(shi)否斷裂而降(jiang)低電(dian)的傳輸性能，或(huo)者刺破(po)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)而降(jiang)低絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)氣性能;絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)在受到應(ying)力作用(yong)是(shi)是(shi)否變(bian)形(xing)或(huo)開(kai)裂而影響電(dian)纜的電(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性能的一種(zhong)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)法。

3.絕(jue)緣和護套材料性能試驗

包括熱失重、熱沖(chong)擊、高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力(li)、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)彎曲、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)拉伸、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)沖(chong)擊、阻燃(ran)性(xing)能等(deng)等(deng)。這些都(dou)(dou)是(shi)考查(cha)(cha)絕緣(yuan)和護套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)塑料(liao)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能好(hao)壞，如熱失重試(shi)(shi)驗是(shi)檢(jian)(jian)測經(jing)過7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)老化(hua)后(hou)材(cai)料(liao)降解、揮(hui)發的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)度;熱沖(chong)擊檢(jian)(jian)測在(zai)150℃高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后(hou)經(jing)特殊(shu)卷繞(rao)的(de)(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)表面是(shi)否有開裂;高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力(li)檢(jian)(jian)測絕緣(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)在(zai)經(jing)過高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)再冷卻后(hou)其(qi)彈性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)保持程(cheng)(cheng)度;所有的(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)驗一般(ban)指在(zai)-15℃條件下(xia)(xia)其(qi)機(ji)械性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)，都(dou)(dou)是(shi)檢(jian)(jian)測線纜(lan)材(cai)料(liao)在(zai)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)環(huan)境下(xia)(xia)是(shi)否變脆、易開裂或易拉斷(duan)等(deng)。 另外電纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)阻燃(ran)性(xing)能勝能很(hen)重要，考查(cha)(cha)該項性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗為(wei)不(bu)延燃(ran)試(shi)(shi)驗，即對按標準安裝的(de)(de)(de)成品(pin)電纜(lan)用專門(men)的(de)(de)(de)火焰(yan)點燃(ran)一定的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間，待其(qi)火焰(yan)自(zi)行熄(xi)滅后(hou)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)線纜(lan)被燒的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，當然被燒掉的(de)(de)(de)部分越少越好(hao)，說明其(qi)燃(ran)燒性(xing)差，阻燃(ran)性(xing)好(hao)，越安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)準(zhun)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)纜包(bao)裝上(shang)應附有表示產品(pin)(pin)型(xing)號(hao)、規格(ge)、標(biao)準(zhun)號(hao)、廠名和產地(di)的(de)標(biao)簽或標(biao)志，規格(ge)包(bao)括額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、芯數和導體(ti)標(biao)稱截面等；電(dian)(dian)纜表面應印有制造廠名、產品(pin)(pin)型(xing)號(hao)和額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)連(lian)續標(biao)志，標(biao)志間距要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)≤200mm(絕緣(yuan)表面)或≤500mm (護套表面)，標(biao)志內容應齊全、清晰(xi)、耐擦，這個要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)方便使用(yong)者(zhe)了解電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)型(xing)號(hao)規格(ge)及電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級，以防敷設錯誤。

另外，電線(xian)(xian)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)應(ying)優先選(xuan)用標(biao)準推薦的顏(yan)(yan)色(se)，特別要(yao)提的是黃/綠(lv)雙色(se)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，這種線(xian)(xian)一(yi)般(ban)用在電器產品的電源線(xian)(xian)中，這條(tiao)特殊雙色(se)線(xian)(xian)專(zhuan)用于接地，對(dui)于黃/綠(lv)搭配(pei)標(biao)準也有以下(xia)規(gui)定：即(ji)(ji)對(dui)每一(yi)段長巧~的雙色(se)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，其中一(yi)種顏(yan)(yan)色(se)應(ying)至少(shao)覆蓋(gai)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)表面的30%，且不大于70%，而另一(yi)種顏(yan)(yan)色(se)則(ze)覆蓋(gai)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)的其余部分，即(ji)(ji)黃/綠(lv)雙色(se)應(ying)基本均衡搭配(pei)。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括(kuo)絕(jue)緣和護(hu)套(tao)的(de)厚度(du)(du)(du)、最薄(bo)厚度(du)(du)(du)、外(wai)形尺(chi)寸(cun)等。絕(jue)緣和護(hu)套(tao)的(de)厚度(du)(du)(du)大小(xiao)對(dui)(dui)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜能夠耐受多大強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，以及其(qi)機械性能好壞(huai)都有很重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)作用，所以對(dui)(dui)于不(bu)(bu)同(tong)規(gui)(gui)格的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜，標準對(dui)(dui)厚度(du)(du)(du)都有嚴格規(gui)(gui)定，要(yao)求不(bu)(bu)得(de)低于國家(jia)標準的(de)規(gui)(gui)定值。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)緣厚度(du)(du)(du)太薄(bo)會嚴重(zhong)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)使用安(an)(an)全(quan)，會帶來電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜擊(ji)穿、導體(ti)裸露引起(qi)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)等安(an)(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)，當(dang)然也不(bu)(bu)是越(yue)(yue)厚越(yue)(yue)好，應不(bu)(bu)影響安(an)(an)裝，故標準又設了(le)一個外(wai)形尺(chi)寸(cun)要(yao)求對(dui)(dui)此進行限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證(zheng)強制(zhi)性認證(zheng)，是進(jin)入國內市場的(de)通行(xing)證(zheng)。

2.CB認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)有利于產(chan)品出口(kou)用于家庭、辦公室(shi)、車間和類似場所的(de)直接涉(she)及人身(shen)安(an)全的(de)電工(gong)產(chan)品，這類產(chan)品在(zai)(zai)一部分國(guo)家中實行(xing)強制性認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)，即取得該(gai)國(guo)的(de)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)合格(ge)證(zheng)(zheng)書后，才允許出口(kou)到該(gai)國(guo)，并在(zai)(zai)該(gai)國(guo)市(shi)場上銷售。即使(shi)在(zai)(zai)未實行(xing)強制性認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)國(guo)家中，消費者為了(le)自(zi)身(shen)的(de)安(an)全，都愿意購買經過(guo)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)而(er)帶有認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)標(biao)志的(de)產(chan)品。

3.CE認證

是產品(pin)進入歐(ou)盟(meng)及歐(ou)洲(zhou)貿易(yi)自由區國家市(shi)場的(de)(de)通行證(zheng)。獲(huo)得認證(zheng)并貼有CE標志的(de)(de)產品(pin)將降低(di)在歐(ou)洲(zhou)市(shi)場上銷售的(de)(de)風險(xian)：

1）被海關(guan)扣留和查處的風險;

2）被市場監(jian)督機(ji)構查處的(de)風險;

3）同行出于競爭目的(de)的(de)指控(kong)風險。