熱門關鍵(jian)詞：
來源：行業動(dong)態(tai) 閱讀：115055 發布時間：2019-07-05
1.電性能檢測
主要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)導體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗及絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗，每項都很(hen)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)，導體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)反映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性(xing)能，直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中的(de)溫度、壽命(ming)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降、以及運行安全(quan)，它主要(yao)(yao)(yao)考查(cha)導體(ti)(ti)的(de)材質(zhi)(zhi)和截面積(ji)(ji)，若(ruo)導體(ti)(ti)的(de)材質(zhi)(zhi)不好(hao)或(huo)截面積(ji)(ji)嚴重不足，就會造成(cheng)(cheng)導體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻嚴重超標(biao)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)鋪(pu)設在線(xian)(xian)路(lu)中就會增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在線(xian)(xian)路(lu)上通過時的(de)損耗，引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)導體(ti)(ti)本身發熱(re)，引起(qi)包覆導體(ti)(ti)的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)老化開裂(lie)，造成(cheng)(cheng)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短(duan)路(lu)，甚至造成(cheng)(cheng)火災，危及人(ren)身、財產(chan)的(de)安全(quan)。標(biao)準(zhun)對不同規(gui)格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)導體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值均(jun)有(you)嚴格(ge)的(de)規(gui)定，不得大于標(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)定的(de)值。
絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成品電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)(xin)間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，均(jun)考查的是電(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層和護(hu)套層的電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性能(neng)(neng)，絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是檢測兩個(ge)導體之間(jian)(jian)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材料(liao)(liao)的電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，它應足夠(gou)大以起到絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護(hu)作用。成品電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)(xin)間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)不(bu)光要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)纜有足夠(gou)的絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)(neng)力，還要(yao)求(qiu)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或護(hu)套材料(liao)(liao)均(jun)勻無雜質、厚度(du)足夠(gou)均(jun)勻，表面不(bu)能(neng)(neng)有看不(bu)見的沙眼、針孔(kong)等，否則就會造(zao)成耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時局(ju)部擊穿(chuan)。
2.機械性能檢測
主要(yao)是(shi)考查絕緣和護套(tao)塑料(liao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)抗張強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)、斷裂伸長(chang)率(lv)，包括老(lao)化(hua)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)，還(huan)有對(dui)于成品(pin)軟電(dian)(dian)纜進行的(de)(de)曲撓試驗、彎曲試驗、荷重斷芯試驗、絕緣線芯撕裂試驗、靜態曲撓試驗等(deng)。老(lao)化(hua)前(qian)、后(hou)(hou)抗張強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)、老(lao)化(hua)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)斷裂伸長(chang)率(lv)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)纜絕緣和護套(tao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)最(zui)重要(yao)最(zui)基本的(de)(de)指標(biao)，要(yao)求(qiu)用作電(dian)(dian)纜絕緣和護套(tao)的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)，既要(yao)有足夠的(de)(de)拉伸強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)不(bu)容易拉斷，又要(yao)有一定的(de)(de)柔韌性。
老(lao)化是指在高溫條件下(xia)，絕緣(yuan)(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)材(cai)料保持其原有性能的(de)(de)能力，老(lao)化不應嚴重影響材(cai)料的(de)(de)抗張(zhang)強(qiang)度和(he)伸長率，這些都將直接影響電纜的(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命，若抗張(zhang)強(qiang)度和(he)斷裂(lie)伸長率不合格，進行(xing)電纜的(de)(de)施(shi)工安(an)裝(zhuang)時就極易出現護套(tao)或絕緣(yuan)(yuan)體斷裂(lie)，或在光、熱環境下(xia)使(shi)用的(de)(de)電纜其護套(tao)和(he)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)容易變(bian)脆，斷裂(lie)，致(zhi)使(shi)帶電導體裸露，發生觸(chu)電危險。
另外(wai)軟(ruan)電纜(lan)由(you)于不是固(gu)定敷設，使用(yong)中(zhong)存在(zai)反復拖拉、彎曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)情況，所以對(dui)于軟(ruan)電纜(lan)標準又另外(wai)規定了(le)在(zai)其(qi)成品電纜(lan)上(shang)加做動(dong)態曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、彎曲(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、荷重斷(duan)芯試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、絕(jue)(jue)緣線芯撕裂(lie)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、靜態曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)等(deng)，以保證這種線纜(lan)在(zai)實際使用(yong)中(zhong)滿足要求。如動(dong)態曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)主(zhu)要考核軟(ruan)電纜(lan)在(zai)受到(dao)外(wai)界的(de)(de)機械(xie)拉伸(shen)和(he)彎曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)應力時，軟(ruan)導(dao)體的(de)(de)絞(jiao)合線絲是否(fou)斷(duan)裂(lie)而(er)降低電的(de)(de)傳輸性(xing)能，或(huo)者刺破(po)絕(jue)(jue)緣而(er)降低絕(jue)(jue)緣電氣性(xing)能;絕(jue)(jue)緣在(zai)受到(dao)應力作用(yong)是是否(fou)變形或(huo)開裂(lie)而(er)影(ying)響電纜(lan)的(de)(de)電氣絕(jue)(jue)緣性(xing)能的(de)(de)一種試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)方(fang)法。
3.絕緣和護套材料性(xing)能試驗
包括熱(re)(re)失(shi)(shi)重、熱(re)(re)沖擊、高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)彎曲、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)拉(la)伸(shen)、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)沖擊、阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。這些都是(shi)考查絕緣和護(hu)套的(de)(de)(de)(de)塑料材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)好壞，如(ru)熱(re)(re)失(shi)(shi)重試驗(yan)是(shi)檢(jian)測經(jing)(jing)過7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)老化(hua)后(hou)材(cai)料降解、揮發的(de)(de)(de)(de)程度;熱(re)(re)沖擊檢(jian)測在(zai)(zai)150℃高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后(hou)經(jing)(jing)特殊卷繞的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣表面是(shi)否有開(kai)裂(lie);高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力檢(jian)測絕緣材(cai)料在(zai)(zai)經(jing)(jing)過高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)再冷卻后(hou)其(qi)(qi)彈性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)持程度;所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試驗(yan)一般(ban)指在(zai)(zai)-15℃條件下其(qi)(qi)機械(xie)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)，都是(shi)檢(jian)測線纜材(cai)料在(zai)(zai)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)環境(jing)下是(shi)否變脆(cui)、易開(kai)裂(lie)或易拉(la)斷等(deng)(deng)。 另外電纜的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)勝(sheng)能(neng)很重要，考查該項性(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)試驗(yan)為(wei)不延燃(ran)試驗(yan)，即(ji)對按(an)標準安裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)成品電纜用專門的(de)(de)(de)(de)火(huo)焰點燃(ran)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間，待其(qi)(qi)火(huo)焰自行熄滅后(hou)檢(jian)查線纜被(bei)(bei)燒的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，當然被(bei)(bei)燒掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分越少越好，說(shuo)明其(qi)(qi)燃(ran)燒性(xing)(xing)差，阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)好，越安全(quan)。
4.標志檢查
標準要求電纜包裝上應(ying)附有表(biao)(biao)示產(chan)品型號、規格(ge)、標準號、廠名和(he)產(chan)地的(de)標簽或標志(zhi)，規格(ge)包括(kuo)額定電壓、芯數和(he)導體標稱截面等(deng)；電纜表(biao)(biao)面應(ying)印有制造廠名、產(chan)品型號和(he)額定電壓的(de)連續標志(zhi)，標志(zhi)間(jian)距要求≤200mm(絕緣表(biao)(biao)面)或≤500mm (護套表(biao)(biao)面)，標志(zhi)內容應(ying)齊全、清(qing)晰(xi)、耐擦，這個要求是方便使用者了(le)解電纜的(de)型號規格(ge)及電壓等(deng)級，以防敷(fu)設錯(cuo)誤。
另外，電線(xian)(xian)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)應優先選用標準推(tui)薦(jian)的(de)顏色(se)(se)，特別要提的(de)是黃(huang)(huang)/綠雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，這種線(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)用在電器產(chan)品的(de)電源線(xian)(xian)中，這條特殊雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)專用于接地，對于黃(huang)(huang)/綠搭(da)配標準也有以下規(gui)定：即(ji)對每一(yi)(yi)(yi)段長巧~的(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)(se)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)，其(qi)中一(yi)(yi)(yi)種顏色(se)(se)應至少覆蓋(gai)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)表面的(de)30%，且不大于70%，而另一(yi)(yi)(yi)種顏色(se)(se)則覆蓋(gai)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)的(de)其(qi)余部分，即(ji)黃(huang)(huang)/綠雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)(se)應基(ji)本均衡搭(da)配。
5.結構尺寸檢測
包(bao)括(kuo)絕緣和護(hu)套的厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)、最薄厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)、外形(xing)尺(chi)寸等。絕緣和護(hu)套的厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)大小對于電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜能(neng)夠耐受多大強度(du)(du)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，以及其機械(xie)性能(neng)好壞都有(you)很重要(yao)(yao)的作用(yong)，所以對于不(bu)同規格的電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜，標(biao)準(zhun)對厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)都有(you)嚴格規定，要(yao)(yao)求不(bu)得(de)低于國(guo)家標(biao)準(zhun)的規定值。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜絕緣厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)太(tai)薄會嚴重影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的使(shi)用(yong)安(an)全，會帶來電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜擊穿(chuan)、導(dao)體裸露(lu)引起漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)等安(an)全隱患，當然也不(bu)是越厚(hou)(hou)越好，應不(bu)影響安(an)裝，故標(biao)準(zhun)又設(she)了一個外形(xing)尺(chi)寸要(yao)(yao)求對此進行限制。
常見的認證標志
1.CCC認(ren)證強制性認(ren)證，是進入(ru)國內市場的通行證。
2.CB認(ren)證(zheng)有利于產(chan)品(pin)出口用(yong)于家庭、辦公室、車(che)間和類似場所的直接涉及(ji)人(ren)身安(an)全的電工產(chan)品(pin)，這(zhe)類產(chan)品(pin)在(zai)一部分(fen)國(guo)(guo)家中(zhong)實行(xing)強(qiang)制性認(ren)證(zheng)，即取得該(gai)國(guo)(guo)的認(ren)證(zheng)合格證(zheng)書(shu)后，才允(yun)許出口到該(gai)國(guo)(guo)，并在(zai)該(gai)國(guo)(guo)市場上銷售。即使(shi)在(zai)未實行(xing)強(qiang)制性認(ren)證(zheng)的國(guo)(guo)家中(zhong)，消費者(zhe)為了自身的安(an)全，都愿(yuan)意購(gou)買經(jing)過(guo)認(ren)證(zheng)而(er)帶(dai)有認(ren)證(zheng)標志的產(chan)品(pin)。
3.CE認證
是(shi)產品進入歐(ou)(ou)盟及歐(ou)(ou)洲(zhou)(zhou)貿易自由區國家市場(chang)的通行證。獲得認證并貼有CE標志(zhi)的產品將降低在歐(ou)(ou)洲(zhou)(zhou)市場(chang)上銷售的風險(xian)：
1）被海關(guan)扣留(liu)和查處的風險;
2）被市場監督機構查處(chu)的風險;
3）同行出于競(jing)爭目的(de)的(de)指控風(feng)險。
