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不合格電線(xian)電纜的危害(hai)

電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)是用(yong)于傳輸電(dian)(dian)力(li)、傳輸信息和實現電(dian)(dian)磁能量轉換(huan)的一(yi)大(da)類電(dian)(dian)工(gong)產品。在抽(chou)查過程中，發(fa)現了(le)大(da)量的不合(he)格產品，這些(xie)劣質產品給電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統正(zheng)常運行埋(mai)下諸多隱(yin)患。

1、標志(zhi)不(bu)合(he)格的(de)電線(xian)電纜。標志(zhi)是(shi)電線(xian)電纜使用識別產品基本信(xin)息(xi)的(de)主要(yao)途徑，根據標準規(gui)定標志(zhi)的(de)主要(yao)內(nei)容是(shi)：產品型(xing)號(hao)、規(gui)格、標準號(hao)、廠名(ming)、產地等在(zai)一定的(de)標示(shi)間距(ju)內(nei)，當(dang)標志(zhi)不(bu)合(he)格時，會造成施(shi)工人員(yuan)識別錯誤，嚴重時會引發(fa)電氣事故。

2、結構(gou)尺(chi)(chi)寸不(bu)(bu)(bu)合格的電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜。結構(gou)尺(chi)(chi)寸的主要問題是護(hu)(hu)(hu)套厚(hou)度(du)，絕緣(yuan)厚(hou)度(du)，當電(dian)(dian)纜的護(hu)(hu)(hu)套和絕緣(yuan)厚(hou)度(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)達標(biao)時，致(zhi)(zhi)使電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜耐電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)強度(du)會(hui)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)降低(di)，導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜的使用壽命縮短(duan)，嚴重(zhong)(zhong)時可(ke)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜被擊穿，絕緣(yuan)（護(hu)(hu)(hu)套）層起(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)到正(zheng)常保護(hu)(hu)(hu)作用，從而(er)發生電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)短(duan)路(lu)和火災等現象。

3、護套式絕(jue)緣(yuan)老(lao)化前的(de)抗(kang)張強度、伸長率合格的(de)電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜。絕(jue)緣(yuan)護套老(lao)化前的(de)抗(kang)張強度、伸長率不(bu)合格直接大大縮短(duan)電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)用壽命(ming)，而且在(zai)施工(gong)或在(zai)長時間(jian)通電(dian)(dian)且溫度較高的(de)環境中，極易(yi)出現絕(jue)緣(yuan)體斷裂，致使帶電(dian)(dian)導(dao)體裸露，發生能(neng)觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)式短(duan)路危(wei)險。其不(bu)合格的(de)主要原因是使用了再(zai)生料生產，以(yi)降低產品(pin)成(cheng)本，二(er)是不(bu)具備(bei)生產資格小型企業。

4、導(dao)體電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)不合格(ge)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)。導(dao)體電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)主要是(shi)考核電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)導(dao)體材(cai)料(liao)以及(ji)截面是(shi)否(fou)符合的(de)(de)重要指(zhi)標。當導(dao)體電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)超標時，就增大了電(dian)(dian)流在線(xian)路上(shang)通過時的(de)(de)損耗，加劇(ju)了電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)發熱(re)。導(dao)體電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)不合格(ge)的(de)(de)原(yuan)因，主要進企業(ye)為(wei)了降低成(cheng)本，將(jiang)占(zhan)原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)成(cheng)本80%的(de)(de)銅材(cai)縮水，要么降低導(dao)體的(de)(de)截面積，要么使(shi)用含雜質過高(gao)的(de)(de)再生銅，這樣(yang)致使(shi)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)導(dao)體電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)嚴重超標，在使(shi)用過程(cheng)中除易引發火災，還會加速(su)包覆在電(dian)(dian)線(xian)外的(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)層的(de)(de)老化。

在購買(mai)電(dian)線電(dian)纜的過程(cheng)中，消費者應注(zhu)意以下幾個事(shi)

第(di)一、要觀(guan)察電(dian)線的(de)外觀(guan)。合(he)格產品的(de)絕緣（護(hu)套）層(ceng)柔軟(ruan)、有韌(ren)性和伸縮性、表面(mian)層(ceng)緊密、光滑、無粗糙感。如果包裹(guo)電(dian)線的(de)塑(su)料很容(rong)易被剝去，則存在塑(su)料強度不夠(gou)的(de)問題。

第二、要(yao)看電線的(de)(de)截面(mian)。合格產品的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)芯或鋁芯表(biao)(biao)面(mian)應(ying)該具有金(jin)屬(shu)光澤，表(biao)(biao)面(mian)發(fa)黑的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)或表(biao)(biao)面(mian)發(fa)白的(de)(de)鋁說明已被氧(yang)化(hua)。

第三、在購(gou)買(mai)電線時應(ying)注意(yi)查看質量(liang)(liang)合格證書。如果電線的質量(liang)(liang)合格，那么其電線質量(liang)(liang)應(ying)該(gai)也受過檢(jian)驗，不會有(you)太大的問(wen)題。

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