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1.電性能檢測

主要(yao)有導(dao)體直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)、絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)、成(cheng)(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗及絕緣線(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗，每項都很重要(yao)，導(dao)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)直(zhi)接(jie)反映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸(shu)性(xing)能，直(zhi)接(jie)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行(xing)中(zhong)的溫度、壽(shou)命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降、以及運行(xing)安(an)全(quan)，它主要(yao)考查(cha)導(dao)體的材質和(he)截(jie)面(mian)積(ji)，若導(dao)體的材質不(bu)好(hao)或截(jie)面(mian)積(ji)嚴重不(bu)足，就(jiu)會造成(cheng)(cheng)導(dao)體直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)嚴重超(chao)標(biao)(biao)，這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)鋪設在(zai)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)就(jiu)會增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在(zai)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)上通(tong)過時的損耗，引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)體本身發(fa)熱，引(yin)起包覆導(dao)體的絕緣老化開裂(lie)，造成(cheng)(cheng)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路(lu)(lu)，甚至造成(cheng)(cheng)火(huo)災，危及人身、財產的安(an)全(quan)。標(biao)(biao)準對不(bu)同規(gui)格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的導(dao)體直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值均有嚴格(ge)的規(gui)定，不(bu)得(de)大于(yu)標(biao)(biao)準規(gui)定的值。

絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)壓試驗(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯間(jian)電(dian)(dian)壓試驗(yan)，均考查的(de)(de)是電(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層和護套層的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性能(neng)(neng)，絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是檢測兩個導體(ti)之間(jian)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，它應(ying)足夠大以起到絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護作用(yong)。成(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)壓試驗(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯間(jian)電(dian)(dian)壓試驗(yan)不光要求電(dian)(dian)纜有足夠的(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)(neng)力，還要求絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或(huo)護套材(cai)料均勻(yun)無雜質、厚(hou)度足夠均勻(yun)，表(biao)面不能(neng)(neng)有看(kan)不見的(de)(de)沙眼、針孔等(deng)，否則就會造成(cheng)耐壓試驗(yan)時局部擊(ji)穿(chuan)。

2.機械性能檢測

主要是考查絕(jue)緣和護(hu)套塑料(liao)材料(liao)的(de)抗(kang)張強(qiang)度、斷(duan)裂伸(shen)長率(lv)，包(bao)括(kuo)老(lao)(lao)化(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后，還有(you)(you)對(dui)于成品軟電纜進(jin)行的(de)曲撓試(shi)驗、彎曲試(shi)驗、荷重(zhong)斷(duan)芯(xin)(xin)試(shi)驗、絕(jue)緣線芯(xin)(xin)撕裂試(shi)驗、靜態曲撓試(shi)驗等。老(lao)(lao)化(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)(qian)、后抗(kang)張強(qiang)度、老(lao)(lao)化(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后斷(duan)裂伸(shen)長率(lv)是電纜絕(jue)緣和護(hu)套材料(liao)最重(zhong)要最基本(ben)的(de)指(zhi)標(biao)，要求用作電纜絕(jue)緣和護(hu)套的(de)材料(liao)，既要有(you)(you)足(zu)夠的(de)拉伸(shen)強(qiang)度不容易拉斷(duan)，又要有(you)(you)一定的(de)柔韌性。

老(lao)化是指在(zai)高(gao)溫條(tiao)件(jian)下，絕緣(yuan)和(he)護套材(cai)料保持其原(yuan)有性能的(de)能力，老(lao)化不(bu)應(ying)嚴重影響材(cai)料的(de)抗(kang)張強(qiang)度(du)和(he)伸(shen)(shen)長率，這些都(dou)將直接影響電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用壽命，若抗(kang)張強(qiang)度(du)和(he)斷(duan)裂伸(shen)(shen)長率不(bu)合格，進行電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)施(shi)工安裝時就(jiu)極易出現(xian)護套或(huo)絕緣(yuan)體斷(duan)裂，或(huo)在(zai)光、熱(re)環(huan)境下使(shi)(shi)用的(de)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)其護套和(he)絕緣(yuan)容易變脆，斷(duan)裂，致使(shi)(shi)帶電(dian)導體裸露，發生觸電(dian)危(wei)險。

另外軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)由(you)于(yu)(yu)不是(shi)固(gu)定(ding)敷(fu)設，使用(yong)中(zhong)存在(zai)反復拖拉、彎曲(qu)(qu)(qu)等(deng)情況，所以(yi)對于(yu)(yu)軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)標準又另外規(gui)定(ding)了在(zai)其成品電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)上加做動態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎曲(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷重斷芯試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕緣(yuan)線芯撕裂(lie)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等(deng)，以(yi)保證(zheng)這種(zhong)線纜(lan)在(zai)實際使用(yong)中(zhong)滿足要求。如動態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)主要考核軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)受到(dao)外界的(de)機械(xie)拉伸和(he)彎曲(qu)(qu)(qu)等(deng)應(ying)力(li)時，軟(ruan)導體(ti)的(de)絞合線絲是(shi)否斷裂(lie)而降低電(dian)(dian)的(de)傳輸(shu)性能，或(huo)者(zhe)刺破絕緣(yuan)而降低絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)氣性能;絕緣(yuan)在(zai)受到(dao)應(ying)力(li)作用(yong)是(shi)是(shi)否變形或(huo)開(kai)裂(lie)而影響電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕緣(yuan)性能的(de)一種(zhong)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方(fang)法。

3.絕緣和護(hu)套(tao)材料性能試驗

包括(kuo)熱(re)(re)失重(zhong)、熱(re)(re)沖(chong)(chong)擊、高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)壓(ya)力、低(di)溫(wen)彎曲、低(di)溫(wen)拉伸、低(di)溫(wen)沖(chong)(chong)擊、阻(zu)燃(ran)(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。這些都是(shi)(shi)考(kao)(kao)查絕緣和護套的(de)(de)(de)塑料(liao)(liao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能好壞，如熱(re)(re)失重(zhong)試驗(yan)是(shi)(shi)檢測(ce)(ce)經(jing)(jing)過7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)老化后材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)降解、揮發的(de)(de)(de)程度;熱(re)(re)沖(chong)(chong)擊檢測(ce)(ce)在(zai)150℃高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)1h后經(jing)(jing)特殊卷繞的(de)(de)(de)絕緣表(biao)面是(shi)(shi)否(fou)有開裂;高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)壓(ya)力檢測(ce)(ce)絕緣材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)經(jing)(jing)過高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)再冷卻(que)后其(qi)彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)保持程度;所有的(de)(de)(de)低(di)溫(wen)試驗(yan)一(yi)般(ban)指在(zai)-15℃條(tiao)件下其(qi)機械(xie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)變化，都是(shi)(shi)檢測(ce)(ce)線(xian)(xian)纜材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)低(di)溫(wen)環境下是(shi)(shi)否(fou)變脆(cui)、易開裂或易拉斷等(deng)(deng)。 另外電(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)燃(ran)(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能勝能很重(zhong)要，考(kao)(kao)查該項性(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)試驗(yan)為(wei)不延燃(ran)(ran)試驗(yan)，即對按(an)標準安裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)成品電(dian)纜用專門(men)的(de)(de)(de)火焰(yan)點燃(ran)(ran)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)，待其(qi)火焰(yan)自行(xing)熄滅(mie)后檢查線(xian)(xian)纜被燒的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，當然被燒掉的(de)(de)(de)部分越(yue)少越(yue)好，說明其(qi)燃(ran)(ran)燒性(xing)(xing)(xing)差，阻(zu)燃(ran)(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好，越(yue)安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)要求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)纜包裝上應附有(you)表(biao)示產(chan)品型號、規格、標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)號、廠名和(he)產(chan)地的標(biao)(biao)(biao)簽(qian)或標(biao)(biao)(biao)志，規格包括額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、芯(xin)數和(he)導體標(biao)(biao)(biao)稱截面等；電(dian)(dian)纜表(biao)面應印(yin)有(you)制造廠名、產(chan)品型號和(he)額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的連續標(biao)(biao)(biao)志，標(biao)(biao)(biao)志間(jian)距(ju)要求(qiu)≤200mm(絕(jue)緣(yuan)表(biao)面)或≤500mm (護(hu)套表(biao)面)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)志內容應齊全、清晰、耐擦(ca)，這個要求(qiu)是方便使用(yong)者了解電(dian)(dian)纜的型號規格及電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級(ji)，以防敷設(she)錯誤。

另外，電線(xian)(xian)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)應優先選用標準推薦的(de)顏色，特別要提的(de)是黃(huang)/綠(lv)雙色線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)，這(zhe)種(zhong)線(xian)(xian)一般(ban)用在電器產品(pin)的(de)電源(yuan)線(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)，這(zhe)條特殊雙色線(xian)(xian)專用于接地(di)，對于黃(huang)/綠(lv)搭配標準也有以下規定：即對每一段(duan)長巧~的(de)雙色絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)，其中(zhong)(zhong)一種(zhong)顏色應至少覆蓋絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)表面的(de)30%，且不大(da)于70%，而另一種(zhong)顏色則覆蓋絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)其余部(bu)分，即黃(huang)/綠(lv)雙色應基本均(jun)衡搭配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕(jue)緣和護(hu)套(tao)的厚度(du)、最薄厚度(du)、外(wai)(wai)形(xing)尺(chi)(chi)寸等(deng)。絕(jue)緣和護(hu)套(tao)的厚度(du)大小(xiao)對于電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)能夠耐(nai)受多(duo)大強度(du)的電(dian)(dian)壓，以及(ji)其機械性能好(hao)壞都(dou)有(you)很(hen)重要(yao)(yao)的作用，所以對于不(bu)同規格的電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，標(biao)準對厚度(du)都(dou)有(you)嚴格規定，要(yao)(yao)求不(bu)得低于國家標(biao)準的規定值(zhi)。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)絕(jue)緣厚度(du)太薄會嚴重影響(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的使用安(an)全，會帶來電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)擊穿、導體(ti)裸露(lu)引起漏電(dian)(dian)等(deng)安(an)全隱(yin)患(huan)，當然也不(bu)是越厚越好(hao)，應不(bu)影響(xiang)(xiang)安(an)裝，故標(biao)準又設了一(yi)個(ge)外(wai)(wai)形(xing)尺(chi)(chi)寸要(yao)(yao)求對此進行限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認(ren)證強制性(xing)認(ren)證，是進(jin)入國內市場的通(tong)行證。

2.CB認證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)有(you)(you)利于產品出(chu)口用于家(jia)庭、辦(ban)公室、車間和類似(si)場所的(de)直接涉及人身安(an)(an)全的(de)電工(gong)產品，這類產品在(zai)一部分國家(jia)中(zhong)實行強(qiang)制性(xing)認證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，即(ji)取得該(gai)國的(de)認證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合(he)格(ge)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書后，才允許出(chu)口到該(gai)國，并在(zai)該(gai)國市場上銷售。即(ji)使在(zai)未實行強(qiang)制性(xing)認證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)國家(jia)中(zhong)，消費者(zhe)為了自身的(de)安(an)(an)全，都愿意(yi)購買(mai)經(jing)過(guo)認證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)而帶有(you)(you)認證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)標志的(de)產品。

3.CE認證

是產(chan)(chan)品進入歐盟及歐洲貿(mao)易自由區國(guo)家(jia)市(shi)場的通行(xing)證。獲得認證并貼有CE標志的產(chan)(chan)品將降低在歐洲市(shi)場上銷(xiao)售的風險：

1）被(bei)海關扣留(liu)和查處的風險;

2）被市(shi)場監督機構查(cha)處的風險;

3）同行(xing)出于競爭目的的指控風(feng)險。