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1.電性能檢測

主要有導體(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成(cheng)(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)及絕緣線(xian)(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)，每項都很重(zhong)(zhong)要，導體(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)反(fan)映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性(xing)能，直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜在(zai)(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降、以及運行安全，它主要考查(cha)導體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材質和截面(mian)積(ji)，若導體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材質不(bu)好或截面(mian)積(ji)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)足(zu)，就會(hui)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)導體(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)超標，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜鋪設在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中就會(hui)增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)上通過時的(de)(de)(de)(de)損耗(hao)，引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜導體(ti)(ti)(ti)本身(shen)發熱，引(yin)起包覆導體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣老(lao)化開裂，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路(lu)(lu)(lu)，甚至造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)火災(zai)，危及人身(shen)、財產的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全。標準(zhun)對不(bu)同規格(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)(de)導體(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)均有嚴格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定，不(bu)得(de)大于(yu)標準(zhun)規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)值(zhi)。

絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成品電(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗，均(jun)考查(cha)的(de)(de)是電(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層和護套(tao)層的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性能(neng)，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是檢測兩個導體(ti)之間(jian)(jian)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材料的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，它應足夠(gou)(gou)大以起到絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護作用。成品電(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗不光要求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)纜有(you)足夠(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)力，還要求(qiu)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或護套(tao)材料均(jun)勻無雜(za)質、厚度足夠(gou)(gou)均(jun)勻，表面不能(neng)有(you)看不見的(de)(de)沙眼、針孔等，否則就會(hui)造成耐壓試(shi)驗時局部(bu)擊穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主要是(shi)考查(cha)絕緣和護套塑料(liao)材料(liao)的(de)抗(kang)(kang)張強(qiang)度(du)、斷(duan)裂(lie)伸長率，包(bao)括老(lao)(lao)化前(qian)后(hou)(hou)，還有(you)對于成(cheng)品軟電纜(lan)進行的(de)曲撓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎曲試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷重(zhong)斷(duan)芯(xin)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕緣線芯(xin)撕裂(lie)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜態曲撓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等。老(lao)(lao)化前(qian)、后(hou)(hou)抗(kang)(kang)張強(qiang)度(du)、老(lao)(lao)化前(qian)后(hou)(hou)斷(duan)裂(lie)伸長率是(shi)電纜(lan)絕緣和護套材料(liao)最重(zhong)要最基本(ben)的(de)指標(biao)，要求用(yong)作電纜(lan)絕緣和護套的(de)材料(liao)，既要有(you)足夠的(de)拉伸強(qiang)度(du)不容易拉斷(duan)，又(you)要有(you)一定(ding)的(de)柔韌性。

老化是指在高(gao)溫(wen)條(tiao)件下，絕緣(yuan)(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)材料保持其原有性(xing)能的能力，老化不應嚴重影響材料的抗張強度和(he)伸長率(lv)(lv)，這些都將直(zhi)接影響電(dian)纜的使(shi)用壽命(ming)，若抗張強度和(he)斷裂伸長率(lv)(lv)不合格，進行電(dian)纜的施(shi)工安裝時就極易(yi)出現護套(tao)或(huo)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)體斷裂，或(huo)在光、熱(re)環境(jing)下使(shi)用的電(dian)纜其護套(tao)和(he)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)容(rong)易(yi)變脆，斷裂，致使(shi)帶(dai)電(dian)導體裸(luo)露(lu)，發(fa)生觸電(dian)危險。

另外軟(ruan)(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)由于(yu)不(bu)是固定(ding)敷設，使(shi)用中存(cun)在(zai)(zai)反(fan)復拖(tuo)拉、彎曲(qu)等(deng)情況，所以對于(yu)軟(ruan)(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)標準又另外規(gui)定(ding)了在(zai)(zai)其成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)上加做動態(tai)曲(qu)撓(nao)試驗(yan)、彎曲(qu)試驗(yan)、荷重(zhong)斷(duan)芯試驗(yan)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯撕(si)裂(lie)(lie)試驗(yan)、靜(jing)態(tai)曲(qu)撓(nao)試驗(yan)等(deng)，以保證這種線纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)(zai)實際使(shi)用中滿足要求。如動態(tai)曲(qu)撓(nao)試驗(yan)主要考(kao)核軟(ruan)(ruan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)(zai)受(shou)到外界(jie)的(de)(de)機械拉伸和彎曲(qu)等(deng)應力時(shi)，軟(ruan)(ruan)導體的(de)(de)絞(jiao)合(he)線絲是否(fou)斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie)而降低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)傳輸性(xing)能(neng)(neng)，或者刺破(po)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)而降低(di)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能(neng)(neng);絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)受(shou)到應力作用是是否(fou)變(bian)形或開裂(lie)(lie)而影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)一種試驗(yan)方法。

3.絕(jue)緣和護套材料性能試驗

包括熱(re)(re)失重(zhong)、熱(re)(re)沖擊、高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)彎曲、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)拉(la)伸、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)沖擊、阻燃(ran)(ran)(ran)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)等(deng)等(deng)。這(zhe)些都是考查(cha)絕緣和護套的(de)(de)塑料(liao)材料(liao)的(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)好壞，如熱(re)(re)失重(zhong)試驗(yan)是檢(jian)測(ce)經過7天80℃的(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)老化(hua)后(hou)(hou)材料(liao)降(jiang)解(jie)、揮發的(de)(de)程度;熱(re)(re)沖擊檢(jian)測(ce)在(zai)150℃高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后(hou)(hou)經特殊(shu)卷(juan)繞的(de)(de)絕緣表(biao)面是否有(you)(you)開(kai)裂(lie);高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力檢(jian)測(ce)絕緣材料(liao)在(zai)經過高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)再冷卻后(hou)(hou)其(qi)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)保(bao)持程度;所(suo)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)試驗(yan)一般指在(zai)-15℃條件下其(qi)機械性(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)，都是檢(jian)測(ce)線(xian)纜材料(liao)在(zai)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)環境(jing)下是否變(bian)脆(cui)、易開(kai)裂(lie)或易拉(la)斷等(deng)。 另外電纜的(de)(de)阻燃(ran)(ran)(ran)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)勝(sheng)能(neng)很重(zhong)要，考查(cha)該項性(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)試驗(yan)為不(bu)延燃(ran)(ran)(ran)試驗(yan)，即對按標準安裝的(de)(de)成(cheng)品電纜用專(zhuan)門的(de)(de)火焰點(dian)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)一定的(de)(de)時間，待其(qi)火焰自行熄滅(mie)后(hou)(hou)檢(jian)查(cha)線(xian)纜被(bei)燒的(de)(de)情況，當然被(bei)燒掉(diao)的(de)(de)部分越少(shao)越好，說明其(qi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒性(xing)(xing)差，阻燃(ran)(ran)(ran)性(xing)(xing)好，越安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)(biao)準要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)電(dian)纜包裝上應附有(you)(you)表(biao)示產品型號、規格(ge)、標(biao)(biao)準號、廠名(ming)和產地的標(biao)(biao)簽或標(biao)(biao)志，規格(ge)包括額定電(dian)壓(ya)、芯數和導體標(biao)(biao)稱截面(mian)等；電(dian)纜表(biao)面(mian)應印(yin)有(you)(you)制造廠名(ming)、產品型號和額定電(dian)壓(ya)的連續標(biao)(biao)志，標(biao)(biao)志間距要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)≤200mm(絕(jue)緣表(biao)面(mian))或≤500mm (護套表(biao)面(mian))，標(biao)(biao)志內(nei)容應齊全、清晰(xi)、耐擦，這個(ge)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)是方(fang)便使(shi)用者了解電(dian)纜的型號規格(ge)及電(dian)壓(ya)等級(ji)，以防敷設錯誤。

另外，電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯應優(you)先選用標準推薦的(de)(de)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)，特(te)別要提的(de)(de)是黃/綠雙色(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯，這種線(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)般用在電(dian)器(qi)產(chan)品的(de)(de)電(dian)源線(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)，這條特(te)殊雙色(se)線(xian)(xian)(xian)專用于(yu)接地，對于(yu)黃/綠搭配標準也有以下規定：即對每(mei)一(yi)段長巧(qiao)~的(de)(de)雙色(se)絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯，其中(zhong)一(yi)種顏(yan)(yan)色(se)應至少覆蓋(gai)(gai)絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯表面的(de)(de)30%，且不大于(yu)70%，而另一(yi)種顏(yan)(yan)色(se)則覆蓋(gai)(gai)絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯的(de)(de)其余部分，即黃/綠雙色(se)應基本均衡搭配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括(kuo)絕緣(yuan)和(he)(he)護套(tao)的(de)厚(hou)度、最薄厚(hou)度、外形(xing)尺寸等(deng)。絕緣(yuan)和(he)(he)護套(tao)的(de)厚(hou)度大(da)小對(dui)于(yu)電(dian)纜(lan)能夠(gou)耐受(shou)多大(da)強度的(de)電(dian)壓，以及其機械性能好壞都有(you)很重要的(de)作用，所以對(dui)于(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)規格(ge)的(de)電(dian)纜(lan)，標準(zhun)對(dui)厚(hou)度都有(you)嚴(yan)格(ge)規定(ding)，要求不(bu)(bu)(bu)得低于(yu)國家標準(zhun)的(de)規定(ding)值(zhi)。電(dian)纜(lan)絕緣(yuan)厚(hou)度太薄會(hui)嚴(yan)重影響電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)使用安全，會(hui)帶來(lai)電(dian)纜(lan)擊穿、導體裸露引起漏電(dian)等(deng)安全隱患(huan)，當然(ran)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)是越厚(hou)越好，應(ying)不(bu)(bu)(bu)影響安裝，故標準(zhun)又(you)設了(le)一個外形(xing)尺寸要求對(dui)此進行限制(zhi)。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證強(qiang)制性認證，是進入國(guo)內市場的通行證。

2.CB認(ren)證(zheng)有利于產品(pin)(pin)出口(kou)(kou)用于家(jia)庭、辦公室、車間和類似場所的(de)直接涉及人(ren)身安全(quan)的(de)電工(gong)產品(pin)(pin)，這類產品(pin)(pin)在(zai)(zai)一部分國家(jia)中(zhong)實行強(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)認(ren)證(zheng)，即取得該(gai)國的(de)認(ren)證(zheng)合格證(zheng)書(shu)后，才允許(xu)出口(kou)(kou)到該(gai)國，并在(zai)(zai)該(gai)國市場上銷售。即使在(zai)(zai)未實行強(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)認(ren)證(zheng)的(de)國家(jia)中(zhong)，消費者為了自身的(de)安全(quan)，都愿意購買經過認(ren)證(zheng)而(er)帶有認(ren)證(zheng)標(biao)志的(de)產品(pin)(pin)。

3.CE認證

是產品進入歐(ou)盟及歐(ou)洲貿易自由(you)區國家市場的(de)通行證。獲得(de)認證并貼有(you)CE標(biao)志的(de)產品將降低在(zai)歐(ou)洲市場上銷(xiao)售的(de)風險：

1）被海關扣留和查處(chu)的風險;

2）被市場監督機構查處(chu)的風(feng)險;

3）同行出于競爭目的的指控風險(xian)。