国产精品成人网站/两攻一受3p双龙h调教/玩弄人妻少妇500系列/人妻换人妻仑乱/国产成人一区二区三区别

1.電性能檢測

主要有導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)、絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)、成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)及絕(jue)緣線(xian)芯間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)，每項都很重要，導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)直(zhi)接(jie)反映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性能，直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜在通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中(zhong)的(de)溫度(du)、壽(shou)命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)、以及運行安全，它主要考查導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)材質和(he)截面(mian)積(ji)(ji)，若導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)材質不好或截面(mian)積(ji)(ji)嚴(yan)重不足，就會造成(cheng)(cheng)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)嚴(yan)重超標(biao)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜鋪設(she)在線(xian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)就會增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在線(xian)路(lu)(lu)上(shang)通(tong)(tong)過時的(de)損耗(hao)，引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)本身發(fa)熱，引起包覆導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)絕(jue)緣老(lao)化開裂，造成(cheng)(cheng)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短(duan)路(lu)(lu)，甚至造成(cheng)(cheng)火災，危及人身、財產的(de)安全。標(biao)準對不同規(gui)格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值均有嚴(yan)格的(de)規(gui)定(ding)，不得(de)大于標(biao)準規(gui)定(ding)的(de)值。

絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻、成品電(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗(yan)，均考(kao)查的是電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)和護(hu)套層(ceng)的電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性能(neng)，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻是檢測兩個導(dao)體之間(jian)(jian)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料的電(dian)(dian)阻，它應足(zu)夠(gou)大以起到(dao)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護(hu)作用。成品電(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗(yan)不光(guang)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)有足(zu)夠(gou)的絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)力，還要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或護(hu)套材(cai)料均勻(yun)無(wu)雜(za)質、厚度足(zu)夠(gou)均勻(yun)，表面(mian)不能(neng)有看不見的沙眼(yan)、針孔等，否則就會造成耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)時局部(bu)擊穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是考查絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和(he)護(hu)套(tao)(tao)塑(su)料(liao)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)抗張強度(du)、斷(duan)裂(lie)伸(shen)長率，包(bao)括老(lao)化前(qian)(qian)后(hou)，還(huan)有對于成品(pin)軟(ruan)電(dian)纜(lan)進行的(de)曲(qu)(qu)撓試驗、彎曲(qu)(qu)試驗、荷(he)重(zhong)斷(duan)芯試驗、絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯撕裂(lie)試驗、靜(jing)態曲(qu)(qu)撓試驗等。老(lao)化前(qian)(qian)、后(hou)抗張強度(du)、老(lao)化前(qian)(qian)后(hou)斷(duan)裂(lie)伸(shen)長率是電(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和(he)護(hu)套(tao)(tao)材(cai)料(liao)最重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)最基本的(de)指標，要(yao)(yao)(yao)求用作電(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和(he)護(hu)套(tao)(tao)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)，既要(yao)(yao)(yao)有足夠的(de)拉伸(shen)強度(du)不容易拉斷(duan)，又要(yao)(yao)(yao)有一定的(de)柔韌性。

老(lao)化是指在高溫(wen)條件(jian)下，絕緣和(he)護(hu)(hu)套(tao)材(cai)料保持其原有性能(neng)的(de)能(neng)力，老(lao)化不(bu)應嚴重影響(xiang)(xiang)材(cai)料的(de)抗張強度(du)和(he)伸長率(lv)，這(zhe)些都將(jiang)直接影響(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)使用壽命，若抗張強度(du)和(he)斷(duan)裂(lie)伸長率(lv)不(bu)合格(ge)，進行(xing)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)施工安裝時就極(ji)易出現(xian)護(hu)(hu)套(tao)或絕緣體斷(duan)裂(lie)，或在光、熱環境下使用的(de)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)其護(hu)(hu)套(tao)和(he)絕緣容易變脆，斷(duan)裂(lie)，致使帶電(dian)導體裸(luo)露，發(fa)生觸電(dian)危險。

另外(wai)(wai)軟(ruan)電(dian)纜(lan)由于不是固定敷設，使(shi)用中存在(zai)反復(fu)拖拉、彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)情況，所(suo)以對于軟(ruan)電(dian)纜(lan)標準又另外(wai)(wai)規定了在(zai)其(qi)成品(pin)電(dian)纜(lan)上加做動態(tai)(tai)曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷重斷(duan)芯試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯撕裂試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜態(tai)(tai)曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等(deng)，以保證這種(zhong)線(xian)(xian)纜(lan)在(zai)實際使(shi)用中滿(man)足要求。如(ru)動態(tai)(tai)曲(qu)(qu)撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)主要考核軟(ruan)電(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)受(shou)到外(wai)(wai)界的機(ji)械(xie)拉伸和彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)應(ying)力時，軟(ruan)導體的絞合線(xian)(xian)絲(si)是否斷(duan)裂而(er)降低電(dian)的傳輸性能，或者刺破絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)而(er)降低絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)氣性能;絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)受(shou)到應(ying)力作用是是否變形或開裂而(er)影響電(dian)纜(lan)的電(dian)氣絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性能的一種(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方法。

3.絕緣和護(hu)套材料性能試驗

包括(kuo)熱(re)失(shi)(shi)重、熱(re)沖擊、高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力(li)、低溫(wen)(wen)彎曲、低溫(wen)(wen)拉(la)伸、低溫(wen)(wen)沖擊、阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)等等。這(zhe)些(xie)都是考查絕(jue)(jue)緣和護(hu)套的(de)塑料(liao)(liao)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)好(hao)壞，如熱(re)失(shi)(shi)重試驗(yan)(yan)是檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測經(jing)過(guo)7天80℃的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)老(lao)化(hua)后(hou)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)降解、揮發的(de)程度;熱(re)沖擊檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測在150℃高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)1h后(hou)經(jing)特殊(shu)卷繞的(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣表面是否有(you)開裂;高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力(li)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測絕(jue)(jue)緣材(cai)料(liao)(liao)在經(jing)過(guo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)再冷卻后(hou)其彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)保持程度;所有(you)的(de)低溫(wen)(wen)試驗(yan)(yan)一(yi)般指(zhi)在-15℃條件(jian)下其機械性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)變化(hua)，都是檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測線(xian)纜材(cai)料(liao)(liao)在低溫(wen)(wen)環(huan)境下是否變脆、易開裂或(huo)易拉(la)斷等。 另外電纜的(de)阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)勝能(neng)(neng)很重要，考查該項性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)試驗(yan)(yan)為(wei)不延燃(ran)試驗(yan)(yan)，即對按標(biao)準安裝的(de)成品電纜用專(zhuan)門的(de)火焰點燃(ran)一(yi)定的(de)時間(jian)，待(dai)其火焰自(zi)行熄滅后(hou)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查線(xian)纜被燒(shao)的(de)情況(kuang)，當然被燒(shao)掉的(de)部(bu)分越(yue)少越(yue)好(hao)，說明(ming)其燃(ran)燒(shao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)差(cha)，阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)，越(yue)安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)準要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)電纜包(bao)(bao)裝上(shang)應附(fu)有表示產(chan)品型號(hao)(hao)、規(gui)(gui)格(ge)、標(biao)準號(hao)(hao)、廠(chang)名和(he)產(chan)地的標(biao)簽(qian)或標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，規(gui)(gui)格(ge)包(bao)(bao)括額(e)定(ding)電壓(ya)(ya)、芯數和(he)導體標(biao)稱截面(mian)(mian)等(deng)；電纜表面(mian)(mian)應印有制造廠(chang)名、產(chan)品型號(hao)(hao)和(he)額(e)定(ding)電壓(ya)(ya)的連續標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)間距要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)≤200mm(絕緣表面(mian)(mian))或≤500mm (護套(tao)表面(mian)(mian))，標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)容應齊全、清晰(xi)、耐擦，這個要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)方便使用者(zhe)了解電纜的型號(hao)(hao)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)及電壓(ya)(ya)等(deng)級，以防敷設錯誤(wu)。

另外，電線絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)應(ying)優先選用標準(zhun)推薦的顏(yan)(yan)色(se)，特(te)別要提(ti)的是黃(huang)/綠雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)線芯(xin)，這種(zhong)線一(yi)般用在電器產品的電源線中(zhong)，這條特(te)殊雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)線專用于(yu)接地(di)，對于(yu)黃(huang)/綠搭(da)配(pei)標準(zhun)也有以下規定：即對每一(yi)段長巧~的雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)，其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)種(zhong)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)應(ying)至少(shao)覆(fu)蓋絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)表面的30%，且(qie)不大于(yu)70%，而(er)另一(yi)種(zhong)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)則覆(fu)蓋絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)的其(qi)余部分，即黃(huang)/綠雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)應(ying)基(ji)本均衡搭(da)配(pei)。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包(bao)括絕(jue)緣(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)的(de)厚(hou)度(du)、最薄厚(hou)度(du)、外形尺寸等(deng)。絕(jue)緣(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)的(de)厚(hou)度(du)大小對(dui)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)能夠耐受多大強度(du)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，以及其機械(xie)性能好(hao)壞都(dou)有(you)很(hen)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)作用，所以對(dui)于不(bu)(bu)同規格(ge)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，標(biao)準(zhun)對(dui)厚(hou)度(du)都(dou)有(you)嚴(yan)格(ge)規定(ding)，要(yao)(yao)求不(bu)(bu)得(de)低(di)于國家標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)規定(ding)值。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)厚(hou)度(du)太薄會嚴(yan)重(zhong)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)使用安全(quan)，會帶來電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)擊穿(chuan)、導體(ti)裸露引起(qi)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)安全(quan)隱患，當然(ran)也不(bu)(bu)是越(yue)厚(hou)越(yue)好(hao)，應(ying)不(bu)(bu)影響安裝(zhuang)，故標(biao)準(zhun)又(you)設了一個外形尺寸要(yao)(yao)求對(dui)此(ci)進行限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認(ren)證(zheng)強(qiang)制性認(ren)證(zheng)，是進(jin)入國內市場的通行證(zheng)。

2.CB認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)有利于產(chan)品出(chu)口用(yong)于家(jia)庭、辦公室、車間和類似場所的(de)直接涉及人身安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)電(dian)工產(chan)品，這類產(chan)品在一部(bu)分國家(jia)中(zhong)實(shi)行強制(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)，即(ji)取得該國的(de)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)合格證(zheng)書后，才允(yun)許(xu)出(chu)口到該國，并(bing)在該國市場上銷(xiao)售(shou)。即(ji)使在未實(shi)行強制(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)的(de)國家(jia)中(zhong)，消費者(zhe)為了自身的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)，都愿意購(gou)買經過認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)而帶(dai)有認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)標志的(de)產(chan)品。

3.CE認證

是產(chan)品(pin)進入歐盟(meng)及歐洲貿易自由(you)區國家市場的(de)通行證。獲得認證并貼有CE標志的(de)產(chan)品(pin)將(jiang)降低在歐洲市場上(shang)銷售(shou)的(de)風險：

1）被海關(guan)扣(kou)留和(he)查處的風險;

2）被市場監(jian)督機構查(cha)處(chu)的(de)風險;

3）同(tong)行(xing)出于競爭目的(de)的(de)指控風險。