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1.電性能檢測

主要有(you)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗及絕緣線(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗，每項(xiang)都很重(zhong)要，導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻直(zhi)接(jie)反(fan)映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性能(neng)，直(zhi)接(jie)影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中的(de)溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降、以(yi)及運行安全，它主要考查導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)材質(zhi)和(he)截(jie)面積(ji)(ji)，若(ruo)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)材質(zhi)不好(hao)或截(jie)面積(ji)(ji)嚴重(zhong)不足，就會(hui)(hui)造成導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻嚴重(zhong)超標(biao)，這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)鋪設(she)在(zai)線(xian)路中就會(hui)(hui)增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在(zai)線(xian)路上通(tong)過時(shi)的(de)損耗(hao)，引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)本身發熱，引起包覆導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)絕緣老化開裂(lie)，造成供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路，甚至造成火(huo)災，危及人(ren)身、財產的(de)安全。標(biao)準(zhun)對不同規(gui)(gui)格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值均(jun)有(you)嚴格(ge)的(de)規(gui)(gui)定，不得大于(yu)標(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)(gui)定的(de)值。

絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗，均考(kao)查的是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層和護套層的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性能，絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻是檢測兩(liang)個(ge)導體之(zhi)間絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，它應足(zu)夠大以起(qi)到絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護作用。成(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗及(ji)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗不(bu)光要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)有(you)足(zu)夠的絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能力(li)，還要求絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或護套材(cai)料(liao)均勻(yun)無雜質、厚度(du)足(zu)夠均勻(yun)，表(biao)面(mian)不(bu)能有(you)看不(bu)見的沙眼、針孔等，否則就(jiu)會造成(cheng)耐壓試(shi)驗時局(ju)部擊(ji)穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)是(shi)考查絕緣(yuan)和護套塑料(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)的抗張強(qiang)度(du)、斷裂伸(shen)長率(lv)，包括(kuo)老化(hua)(hua)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)，還有(you)對(dui)于(yu)成品軟(ruan)電纜進行的曲撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎(wan)曲試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷重斷芯(xin)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)撕裂試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜態曲撓(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等。老化(hua)(hua)前(qian)、后(hou)(hou)抗張強(qiang)度(du)、老化(hua)(hua)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)斷裂伸(shen)長率(lv)是(shi)電纜絕緣(yuan)和護套材料(liao)(liao)最重要(yao)最基(ji)本(ben)的指標，要(yao)求用作電纜絕緣(yuan)和護套的材料(liao)(liao)，既要(yao)有(you)足夠的拉(la)伸(shen)強(qiang)度(du)不容易拉(la)斷，又要(yao)有(you)一定(ding)的柔韌(ren)性(xing)。

老(lao)(lao)化是指在(zai)(zai)高溫條件(jian)下，絕(jue)緣和(he)(he)護(hu)套(tao)(tao)材料保持其原有(you)性能的(de)能力，老(lao)(lao)化不應(ying)嚴重影(ying)響(xiang)材料的(de)抗(kang)張強(qiang)度和(he)(he)伸長率，這些都(dou)將直接影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)使用(yong)壽命，若抗(kang)張強(qiang)度和(he)(he)斷裂(lie)(lie)伸長率不合格(ge)，進行電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)施工安裝(zhuang)時就極易(yi)出現護(hu)套(tao)(tao)或絕(jue)緣體斷裂(lie)(lie)，或在(zai)(zai)光、熱(re)環境下使用(yong)的(de)電(dian)纜(lan)其護(hu)套(tao)(tao)和(he)(he)絕(jue)緣容(rong)易(yi)變脆，斷裂(lie)(lie)，致使帶電(dian)導體裸露，發生觸電(dian)危險。

另(ling)外軟電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)由于(yu)不是(shi)(shi)固定敷設，使用(yong)中(zhong)存在反復拖拉(la)、彎曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)情況，所以對于(yu)軟電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)標準(zhun)又另(ling)外規定了在其成(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)上加做動(dong)態曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、彎曲(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、荷重斷芯試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯撕裂(lie)(lie)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、靜態曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)，以保證這(zhe)種線纜(lan)在實際使用(yong)中(zhong)滿(man)足要求。如(ru)動(dong)態曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)主(zhu)要考核軟電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在受到外界的機械拉(la)伸和彎曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)應力時，軟導體(ti)的絞合線絲是(shi)(shi)否斷裂(lie)(lie)而降低電(dian)(dian)的傳輸(shu)性(xing)能(neng)，或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)刺破絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)而降低絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)性(xing)能(neng);絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)在受到應力作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)否變形或(huo)(huo)開裂(lie)(lie)而影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)能(neng)的一種試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)方法(fa)。

3.絕(jue)緣(yuan)和護套(tao)材(cai)料性(xing)能試驗(yan)

包括熱失(shi)重(zhong)、熱沖(chong)擊、高溫(wen)壓力、低(di)溫(wen)彎曲(qu)、低(di)溫(wen)拉伸、低(di)溫(wen)沖(chong)擊、阻燃(ran)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)等等。這些都是(shi)(shi)考查(cha)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)和(he)護套的(de)(de)塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)好(hao)壞，如熱失(shi)重(zhong)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)是(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)經過(guo)7天80℃的(de)(de)高溫(wen)老化后(hou)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)降解、揮發的(de)(de)程度(du);熱沖(chong)擊檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)在(zai)(zai)150℃高溫(wen)1h后(hou)經特(te)殊卷繞的(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)表面是(shi)(shi)否(fou)有開裂(lie);高溫(wen)壓力檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)(zai)經過(guo)高溫(wen)再冷卻(que)后(hou)其(qi)(qi)彈(dan)性(xing)的(de)(de)保持(chi)程度(du);所有的(de)(de)低(di)溫(wen)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)一般指在(zai)(zai)-15℃條件(jian)下其(qi)(qi)機械性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)變(bian)化，都是(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)線纜(lan)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)(zai)低(di)溫(wen)環境下是(shi)(shi)否(fou)變(bian)脆、易開裂(lie)或易拉斷等。 另外電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)阻燃(ran)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)勝能(neng)(neng)(neng)很重(zhong)要，考查(cha)該項(xiang)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)為不延(yan)燃(ran)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，即對按標(biao)準(zhun)安裝的(de)(de)成品(pin)電(dian)纜(lan)用專(zhuan)門(men)的(de)(de)火焰(yan)點燃(ran)一定(ding)的(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)，待其(qi)(qi)火焰(yan)自行熄滅后(hou)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)線纜(lan)被(bei)燒(shao)的(de)(de)情況，當然(ran)被(bei)燒(shao)掉的(de)(de)部(bu)分越少越好(hao)，說(shuo)明其(qi)(qi)燃(ran)燒(shao)性(xing)差，阻燃(ran)性(xing)好(hao)，越安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)要求電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)包裝上應附有表示產品型(xing)號(hao)(hao)、規格、標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)號(hao)(hao)、廠名和產地(di)的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)簽或(huo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志，規格包括額(e)定電(dian)(dian)壓、芯數和導體標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)稱截面等；電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)表面應印有制(zhi)造廠名、產品型(xing)號(hao)(hao)和額(e)定電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)連(lian)續標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志，標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志間(jian)距(ju)要求≤200mm(絕(jue)緣(yuan)表面)或(huo)≤500mm (護套(tao)表面)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志內容應齊全、清晰、耐擦，這個要求是方便使用者了解電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)型(xing)號(hao)(hao)規格及電(dian)(dian)壓等級，以防(fang)敷設錯誤。

另外，電線(xian)(xian)絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)芯應(ying)優先選用(yong)標(biao)準推薦(jian)的(de)顏(yan)色，特別要(yao)提的(de)是黃/綠(lv)雙色線(xian)(xian)芯，這(zhe)種(zhong)線(xian)(xian)一(yi)般用(yong)在電器產品(pin)的(de)電源線(xian)(xian)中，這(zhe)條特殊雙色線(xian)(xian)專用(yong)于(yu)接地，對(dui)于(yu)黃/綠(lv)搭配標(biao)準也有以下(xia)規(gui)定：即(ji)對(dui)每一(yi)段(duan)長巧(qiao)~的(de)雙色絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)芯，其(qi)中一(yi)種(zhong)顏(yan)色應(ying)至少覆(fu)蓋絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)芯表面的(de)30%，且(qie)不大于(yu)70%，而另一(yi)種(zhong)顏(yan)色則覆(fu)蓋絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)芯的(de)其(qi)余(yu)部(bu)分，即(ji)黃/綠(lv)雙色應(ying)基本均衡搭配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕(jue)緣和(he)護(hu)套(tao)的(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)、最薄(bo)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)、外(wai)形(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)等(deng)。絕(jue)緣和(he)護(hu)套(tao)的(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)大小(xiao)對于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)能夠(gou)耐受多大強度(du)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，以及其(qi)機械(xie)性能好壞(huai)都(dou)有(you)很重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)作用，所以對于(yu)(yu)不(bu)同規(gui)(gui)格的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，標準(zhun)對厚(hou)(hou)度(du)都(dou)有(you)嚴格規(gui)(gui)定，要(yao)(yao)求不(bu)得低于(yu)(yu)國家標準(zhun)的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定值。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)緣厚(hou)(hou)度(du)太薄(bo)會嚴重影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)使用安(an)(an)全，會帶(dai)來電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)擊穿、導(dao)體裸露引起漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)安(an)(an)全隱患，當然(ran)也(ye)不(bu)是(shi)越(yue)厚(hou)(hou)越(yue)好，應不(bu)影響安(an)(an)裝，故標準(zhun)又設了一個外(wai)形(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)要(yao)(yao)求對此(ci)進行限(xian)制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證強制性認證，是進入國內(nei)市場(chang)的通行證。

2.CB認證(zheng)(zheng)有利(li)于產(chan)品(pin)(pin)出口用于家庭、辦公室、車間和類似場所的(de)直接涉(she)及人身(shen)安全的(de)電工產(chan)品(pin)(pin)，這類產(chan)品(pin)(pin)在(zai)一部(bu)分國(guo)家中實行(xing)強制性認證(zheng)(zheng)，即取(qu)得該(gai)(gai)國(guo)的(de)認證(zheng)(zheng)合格證(zheng)(zheng)書后，才(cai)允許出口到該(gai)(gai)國(guo)，并在(zai)該(gai)(gai)國(guo)市場上銷售(shou)。即使在(zai)未實行(xing)強制性認證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)國(guo)家中，消費者(zhe)為了(le)自(zi)身(shen)的(de)安全，都愿意購買(mai)經(jing)過(guo)認證(zheng)(zheng)而(er)帶有認證(zheng)(zheng)標志(zhi)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)。

3.CE認證

是產(chan)品進入歐(ou)盟及歐(ou)洲(zhou)(zhou)貿易自(zi)由(you)區國家市場的通行證(zheng)。獲得認證(zheng)并貼有CE標志的產(chan)品將降低在歐(ou)洲(zhou)(zhou)市場上銷售(shou)的風險：

1）被海關扣留(liu)和查處的(de)風險;

2）被市場監督機構查處的(de)風險;

3）同行(xing)出于競爭目的(de)(de)的(de)(de)指控(kong)風險。