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1.電性能檢測

主要(yao)(yao)有導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗(yan)(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗(yan)(yan)，每項都很(hen)重要(yao)(yao)，導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)直(zhi)接(jie)反映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性能，直(zhi)接(jie)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中(zhong)的(de)溫度、壽(shou)命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降、以及(ji)運行安(an)全(quan)，它主要(yao)(yao)考(kao)查導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)材質(zhi)和截(jie)面積(ji)，若導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)材質(zhi)不(bu)好或截(jie)面積(ji)嚴(yan)重不(bu)足，就(jiu)會造(zao)(zao)成導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)嚴(yan)重超標(biao)，這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)鋪設在(zai)(zai)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)就(jiu)會增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)上通過時的(de)損耗，引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)本身(shen)發熱(re)，引起包(bao)覆導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)老化開裂(lie)，造(zao)(zao)成供電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路(lu)(lu)，甚至造(zao)(zao)成火災(zai)，危及(ji)人身(shen)、財產的(de)安(an)全(quan)。標(biao)準對(dui)不(bu)同規格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)均有嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)規定(ding)(ding)，不(bu)得大于(yu)標(biao)準規定(ding)(ding)的(de)值(zhi)。

絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)阻、成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣線芯間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)，均(jun)考查(cha)的是電(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣層和(he)護(hu)(hu)套層的電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣性能(neng)，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)阻是檢測兩個導體之間(jian)(jian)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣材(cai)(cai)料的電(dian)(dian)阻，它應(ying)足(zu)夠大以起到絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣保(bao)護(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用。成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣線芯間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)不(bu)光(guang)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)纜有(you)足(zu)夠的絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣能(neng)力(li)，還要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣或護(hu)(hu)套材(cai)(cai)料均(jun)勻(yun)無雜質、厚度足(zu)夠均(jun)勻(yun)，表面不(bu)能(neng)有(you)看(kan)不(bu)見的沙眼、針孔等，否則(ze)就會造成耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)局部擊(ji)穿(chuan)。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)(yao)是考查(cha)絕緣(yuan)和護套塑料(liao)材料(liao)的(de)抗(kang)張強(qiang)度、斷(duan)裂伸(shen)(shen)長(chang)率(lv)，包括老(lao)化(hua)前后(hou)，還有(you)(you)對于成(cheng)品軟電(dian)纜(lan)進行的(de)曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、彎曲(qu)(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、荷重斷(duan)芯(xin)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、絕緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)撕裂試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、靜態曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等。老(lao)化(hua)前、后(hou)抗(kang)張強(qiang)度、老(lao)化(hua)前后(hou)斷(duan)裂伸(shen)(shen)長(chang)率(lv)是電(dian)纜(lan)絕緣(yuan)和護套材料(liao)最(zui)重要(yao)(yao)最(zui)基本的(de)指標，要(yao)(yao)求用作電(dian)纜(lan)絕緣(yuan)和護套的(de)材料(liao)，既要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)足夠的(de)拉(la)伸(shen)(shen)強(qiang)度不(bu)容易(yi)拉(la)斷(duan)，又要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)一定的(de)柔韌性。

老化(hua)是指在(zai)高溫條件下，絕(jue)緣和護套材料保持其原有(you)性能(neng)的(de)能(neng)力，老化(hua)不(bu)應嚴重影響材料的(de)抗張強度(du)和伸長(chang)率，這些都將直(zhi)接影響電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命，若抗張強度(du)和斷(duan)裂伸長(chang)率不(bu)合(he)格，進行電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)施工安裝時就極易出現(xian)護套或(huo)絕(jue)緣體(ti)(ti)斷(duan)裂，或(huo)在(zai)光、熱(re)環境下使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)其護套和絕(jue)緣容易變脆，斷(duan)裂，致使(shi)帶電(dian)(dian)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)裸露，發生(sheng)觸電(dian)(dian)危險。

另(ling)(ling)外(wai)軟電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)由(you)于不是(shi)固定(ding)敷(fu)設，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中存在反復拖(tuo)拉、彎曲(qu)等(deng)情況，所以對于軟電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)標準又另(ling)(ling)外(wai)規定(ding)了在其成品電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)上加做動(dong)態曲(qu)撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、彎曲(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、荷重斷芯試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、絕緣(yuan)線芯撕裂試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、靜態曲(qu)撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)，以保證這(zhe)種(zhong)線纜(lan)(lan)在實際(ji)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中滿足要求。如動(dong)態曲(qu)撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)主要考核軟電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在受(shou)到(dao)外(wai)界(jie)的機(ji)械(xie)拉伸和彎曲(qu)等(deng)應力時(shi)，軟導體的絞合線絲是(shi)否斷裂而降低(di)電(dian)(dian)的傳輸性能(neng)，或(huo)者刺破絕緣(yuan)而降低(di)絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)氣性能(neng);絕緣(yuan)在受(shou)到(dao)應力作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)是(shi)否變形或(huo)開裂而影響電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的電(dian)(dian)氣絕緣(yuan)性能(neng)的一種(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)法。

3.絕(jue)緣和護套材料性(xing)能試(shi)驗

包括熱(re)失重(zhong)、熱(re)沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)、高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)彎(wan)曲、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)拉(la)(la)伸、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)、阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能等(deng)等(deng)。這些都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)考(kao)查絕(jue)緣和護套的(de)塑(su)料材料的(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能好壞(huai)，如(ru)熱(re)失重(zhong)試驗是(shi)(shi)(shi)檢(jian)測經(jing)過7天80℃的(de)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)老化后(hou)(hou)材料降(jiang)解(jie)、揮發的(de)程度(du);熱(re)沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)檢(jian)測在150℃高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后(hou)(hou)經(jing)特殊卷(juan)繞的(de)絕(jue)緣表面是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)有(you)開(kai)(kai)裂;高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力檢(jian)測絕(jue)緣材料在經(jing)過高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)再冷(leng)卻后(hou)(hou)其(qi)彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)保持程度(du);所(suo)有(you)的(de)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試驗一般指在-15℃條件下其(qi)機械性(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)變化，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)檢(jian)測線纜(lan)材料在低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)環(huan)境下是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)變脆、易(yi)開(kai)(kai)裂或易(yi)拉(la)(la)斷等(deng)。 另外電纜(lan)的(de)阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能勝能很重(zhong)要，考(kao)查該項(xiang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)試驗為不(bu)延燃(ran)試驗，即對按標(biao)準安裝的(de)成品電纜(lan)用專門的(de)火(huo)焰(yan)點燃(ran)一定的(de)時間，待(dai)其(qi)火(huo)焰(yan)自行熄滅后(hou)(hou)檢(jian)查線纜(lan)被(bei)燒的(de)情況，當然被(bei)燒掉的(de)部分越(yue)少越(yue)好，說明(ming)其(qi)燃(ran)燒性(xing)(xing)(xing)差，阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好，越(yue)安全。

4.標志檢查

標準要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)包(bao)裝上應(ying)附(fu)有(you)表(biao)示(shi)產品型(xing)號、規(gui)格、標準號、廠(chang)(chang)名和產地的標簽或(huo)標志(zhi)，規(gui)格包(bao)括額定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、芯(xin)數和導(dao)體(ti)標稱(cheng)截面等(deng)(deng)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)表(biao)面應(ying)印有(you)制造廠(chang)(chang)名、產品型(xing)號和額定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的連續標志(zhi)，標志(zhi)間距要求≤200mm(絕緣表(biao)面)或(huo)≤500mm (護(hu)套(tao)表(biao)面)，標志(zhi)內容應(ying)齊全、清晰、耐擦(ca)，這個要求是方便使(shi)用者了解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的型(xing)號規(gui)格及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)(deng)級，以防敷設錯誤(wu)。

另外，電(dian)(dian)線(xian)絕(jue)緣線(xian)芯(xin)(xin)應優先(xian)選(xuan)用標準推薦的(de)顏(yan)色(se)，特別(bie)要提的(de)是黃(huang)/綠(lv)(lv)雙色(se)線(xian)芯(xin)(xin)，這種線(xian)一(yi)般用在電(dian)(dian)器產品(pin)的(de)電(dian)(dian)源線(xian)中，這條特殊(shu)雙色(se)線(xian)專用于(yu)接地，對于(yu)黃(huang)/綠(lv)(lv)搭(da)配標準也有以下規(gui)定：即對每一(yi)段長(chang)巧~的(de)雙色(se)絕(jue)緣線(xian)芯(xin)(xin)，其中一(yi)種顏(yan)色(se)應至(zhi)少覆蓋(gai)絕(jue)緣線(xian)芯(xin)(xin)表面的(de)30%，且不大(da)于(yu)70%，而另一(yi)種顏(yan)色(se)則覆蓋(gai)絕(jue)緣線(xian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)其余(yu)部分，即黃(huang)/綠(lv)(lv)雙色(se)應基(ji)本(ben)均(jun)衡(heng)搭(da)配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕緣(yuan)(yuan)和護套(tao)的(de)厚(hou)度(du)(du)、最(zui)薄(bo)厚(hou)度(du)(du)、外(wai)形(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)等。絕緣(yuan)(yuan)和護套(tao)的(de)厚(hou)度(du)(du)大(da)小對(dui)于電纜(lan)能夠耐受多大(da)強度(du)(du)的(de)電壓，以及其機械性(xing)能好壞(huai)都(dou)有(you)很重要的(de)作用(yong)，所(suo)以對(dui)于不(bu)同規(gui)格(ge)的(de)電纜(lan)，標(biao)準(zhun)對(dui)厚(hou)度(du)(du)都(dou)有(you)嚴(yan)格(ge)規(gui)定，要求(qiu)不(bu)得低于國家標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)規(gui)定值。電纜(lan)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)厚(hou)度(du)(du)太(tai)薄(bo)會嚴(yan)重影響(xiang)電纜(lan)的(de)使用(yong)安全(quan)，會帶來(lai)電纜(lan)擊穿、導體裸露引起漏(lou)電等安全(quan)隱患，當然也不(bu)是越厚(hou)越好，應不(bu)影響(xiang)安裝，故標(biao)準(zhun)又設了一個外(wai)形(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)要求(qiu)對(dui)此進(jin)行限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認證(zheng)強制(zhi)性認證(zheng)，是進(jin)入國內市場(chang)的通行(xing)證(zheng)。

2.CB認(ren)(ren)證有利(li)于(yu)產(chan)品出(chu)口用于(yu)家(jia)庭(ting)、辦公室、車間(jian)和類似(si)場所的(de)(de)直接涉及人身安全的(de)(de)電(dian)工產(chan)品，這類產(chan)品在(zai)一部(bu)分國(guo)(guo)家(jia)中(zhong)實(shi)行(xing)強制性(xing)認(ren)(ren)證，即取得該(gai)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)證合格證書后，才允許出(chu)口到(dao)該(gai)國(guo)(guo)，并在(zai)該(gai)國(guo)(guo)市(shi)場上銷售(shou)。即使在(zai)未(wei)實(shi)行(xing)強制性(xing)認(ren)(ren)證的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)中(zhong)，消費者為了自(zi)身的(de)(de)安全，都(dou)愿意(yi)購買經(jing)過認(ren)(ren)證而帶有認(ren)(ren)證標志的(de)(de)產(chan)品。

3.CE認證

是產(chan)(chan)品進入歐盟(meng)及歐洲(zhou)貿易自由區(qu)國家市(shi)場的通行證。獲(huo)得認證并貼有CE標志的產(chan)(chan)品將降(jiang)低在歐洲(zhou)市(shi)場上銷(xiao)售的風險：

1）被海關扣留和查處的風險;

2）被市場監督機構(gou)查處(chu)的風險(xian);

3）同(tong)行出于競(jing)爭(zheng)目的的指控風險。