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電力電纜

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜是用(yong)于傳輸和分(fen)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜常用(yong)于城市地(di)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站引出線(xian)(xian)(xian)路、工礦企業內部(bu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及過江海水(shui)下輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜所占(zhan)比重(zhong)正逐漸增(zeng)加(jia)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜是在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統的主干線(xian)(xian)(xian)路中用(yong)以傳輸和分(fen)配大(da)功率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜產品，包(bao)括1-500KV以及以上各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級，各(ge)種絕緣的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜。

中文名

電力電纜

基本簡介

電(dian)力電(dian)纜的使用(yong)至今已有(you)百年(nian)

主(zhu)要分類(lei)

分類：按(an)電壓等級分

簡介：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)至(zhi)今(jin)已有百余年(nian)歷史。1879年(nian)，美(mei)國(guo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)明家(jia)T.A.愛迪生在(zai)銅棒上(shang)包繞黃麻(ma)并將其穿入鐵(tie)管(guan)內，然后(hou)填(tian)充瀝青(qing)混合(he)物(wu)制成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。他將此(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)敷設(she)(she)于紐約，開創了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)地(di)下輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。次年(nian)，英(ying)國(guo)人卡(ka)倫德發(fa)(fa)(fa)明瀝青(qing)浸漬紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。1889年(nian)，英(ying)國(guo)人S.Z.費蘭梯(ti)在(zai)倫敦與德特(te)(te)福德之間敷設(she)(she)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)10千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)油浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。1908年(nian)，英(ying)國(guo)建成20千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)網。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)得到(dao)越來越廣的(de)應(ying)用(yong)。1911年(nian)，德國(guo)敷設(she)(she)成60千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，開始了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。1913年(nian)，德國(guo)人M.霍希(xi)施泰特(te)(te)研制成分(fen)相(xiang)屏蔽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan),改善了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)內部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場分(fen)布,消除了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)表面的(de)正切(qie)應(ying)力，成為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展中(zhong)的(de)里(li)程碑。1952年(nian)，瑞(rui)典在(zai)北(bei)部發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠敷設(she)(she)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)380千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)超高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan),實現了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)超高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)。到(dao)80年(nian)代已制成1100千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)、1200千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)的(de)特(te)(te)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。

分類：按電壓等級分

按(an)(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級可分為中、低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（35千伏及(ji)以(yi)下）、高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(110千伏以(yi)上)、超高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（275～800千伏）以(yi)及(ji)特高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（1000千伏及(ji)以(yi)上）。此外，還可按(an)(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流制(zhi)分為交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)和直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。

按絕緣(yuan)材(cai)料分

1、油浸(jin)(jin)紙絕(jue)緣電力(li)電纜以(yi)油浸(jin)(jin)紙作絕(jue)緣的電力(li)電纜。其應用(yong)歷史最長。它安全可靠，使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)長，價格(ge)低廉(lian)。主要(yao)缺點是敷(fu)設受落差(cha)限制。自從(cong)開(kai)發(fa)出不滴流(liu)浸(jin)(jin)紙絕(jue)緣后，解(jie)決了落差(cha)限制問題(ti)，使(shi)油浸(jin)(jin)紙絕(jue)緣電纜得(de)以(yi)繼續廣(guang)泛(fan)應用(yong)。

2、塑(su)料(liao)絕緣(yuan)電(dian)力電(dian)纜 　絕緣(yuan)層(ceng)為(wei)擠壓(ya)塑(su)料(liao)的電(dian)力電(dian)纜。常用(yong)的塑(su)料(liao)有(you)聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)(xi)、聚(ju)乙烯(xi)(xi)、交(jiao)聯聚(ju)乙烯(xi)(xi)。塑(su)料(liao)電(dian)纜結構簡單,制(zhi)造加工方便(bian)，重量輕，敷設安裝方便(bian),不受敷設落差限制(zhi)。因此廣泛應(ying)用(yong)作中低(di)壓(ya)電(dian)纜，并(bing)有(you)取代(dai)粘(zhan)性浸漬油(you)紙電(dian)纜的趨勢(shi)。其(qi)最大缺(que)點是存(cun)在樹枝化擊穿(chuan)現象，這限制(zhi)了(le)它在更高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)的使用(yong)。

3、橡皮絕(jue)緣電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜　絕(jue)緣層(ceng)為橡膠(jiao)加上各種配合劑，經(jing)過充分混煉后擠包(bao)在導電(dian)線芯上，經(jing)過加溫硫(liu)化而成。它柔軟，富有彈(dan)性，適合于移(yi)動頻繁、敷設彎(wan)曲半徑小(xiao)的(de)場(chang)合。

常用作絕(jue)緣的(de)膠(jiao)料有(you)天然膠(jiao)-丁苯膠(jiao)混合物(wu)，乙丙膠(jiao)、丁基(ji)膠(jiao)等(deng)。

按電(dian)壓(ya)等級分

1、低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)：適用(yong)于固定敷設在交流50Hz，額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)3kv及以下(xia)的輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)線路上(shang)作輸(shu)送(song)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)用(yong)。

2、中低壓電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)：（一般(ban)指(zhi)35KV及(ji)以下）：聚氯乙烯絕緣電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，聚乙烯絕緣電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，交(jiao)聯聚乙烯絕緣電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)等。

3、高壓電(dian)纜：（一般(ban)為110KV及以上）：聚(ju)乙(yi)烯電(dian)纜和交聯聚(ju)乙(yi)烯絕緣電(dian)纜等。

4、超高壓電(dian)纜：（275～800千伏）。

5、特高壓(ya)電纜：（1000千伏及以上(shang)）。

基(ji)(ji)本結構：電力(li)電纜的基(ji)(ji)本結構由(you)線芯(xin)（導體）、絕緣層、屏蔽層和保護層四部分(fen)組成。

1.線芯是電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜的導電(dian)(dian)部分，用來輸送電(dian)(dian)能，是電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜的主(zhu)要部分。

2.絕緣(yuan)層(ceng)是將線芯與大地以及(ji)不同(tong)相的線芯間(jian)在電(dian)氣上彼此隔離，保證電(dian)能輸(shu)送，是電(dian)力電(dian)纜結構中不可缺少的組成(cheng)部分。

3.15KV及(ji)以上的電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜一(yi)般都有導體屏蔽層和(he)絕緣屏蔽層。

4.保護層的作用是保護電力電纜(lan)免受外界雜質和水(shui)分的侵入，以及防止外力直接(jie)損壞電力電纜(lan)。

主要(yao)優(you)點：

1占地少。一般埋(mai)設(she)于土壤中(zhong)或敷設(she)于室內，溝道(dao)，隧(sui)道(dao)中(zhong)，線(xian)間(jian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)距離小，不用(yong)桿塔，占地少，基本不占地面上(shang)空間(jian)。

2可靠性高。受氣候條件和周圍環境影響小，傳輸性能穩定，可靠性高。

3具(ju)有(you)向(xiang)超(chao)高壓，大容量發(fa)展的(de)更為有(you)利的(de)條(tiao)件，如低溫(wen)，超(chao)導電力電纜(lan)等。

4分布電容較大。

5維護工作量少。

6電擊可能性小。

型號(hao)說明

電力電纜的型(xing)號

1.用(yong)(yong)漢語拼音第一(yi)個字(zi)母的(de)大(da)寫表示絕緣種類、導體(ti)材料、內護層材料和結(jie)構特點(dian)。如(ru)用(yong)(yong)Z代(dai)表紙（zhi）；L代(dai)表鋁(lv)（lv）；Q代(dai)表鉛（qian）；F代(dai)表分(fen)相（fen）；ZR代(dai)表阻燃（zuran）；NH代(dai)表耐火(huo)（naihuo）。

2.用(yong)數字(zi)表(biao)示外護層(ceng)構成，有二(er)(er)位(wei)數字(zi)。無(wu)數字(zi)代表(biao)無(wu)鎧裝層(ceng)，無(wu)外被(bei)層(ceng)。第一位(wei)數字(zi)表(biao)示鎧裝，第二(er)(er)位(wei)數字(zi)表(biao)示外被(bei)，如(ru)粗(cu)鋼絲鎧裝纖維(wei)外被(bei)表(biao)示為(wei)41。

3.電纜(lan)型號按(an)電纜(lan)結構的排列一般(ban)依(yi)次(ci)序(xu)為(wei)：絕緣材(cai)料；導(dao)體材(cai)料；內護(hu)層；外護(hu)層。

4.電纜產(chan)品用型(xing)號(hao)、額(e)定電壓(ya)和(he)規格表示。其方法是在型(xing)號(hao)后再加上說明額(e)定電壓(ya)、芯數和(he)標(biao)稱截面積的。

型號詳細說(shuo)明

（1）類別(bie)：H——市內通信電纜(lan)HP——配(pei)線電纜(lan)HJ——局用電纜(lan)

（2）絕緣(yuan)：Y——聚(ju)乙(yi)烯絕緣(yuan)YF——泡沫聚(ju)烯烴(jing)絕緣(yuan)YP——泡沫/實心皮聚(ju)烯烴(jing)絕緣(yuan)

（3）內護(hu)層：A——涂塑(su)鋁帶粘接屏(ping)蔽聚(ju)乙烯(xi)護(hu)套S——鋁，鋼(gang)雙層金(jin)屬帶屏(ping)蔽聚(ju)乙烯(xi)護(hu)套      V——聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)護(hu)套

（4）特征(zheng)：T——石油膏(gao)填(tian)充G——高頻隔離(li)C——自(zi)承式

（5）外(wai)護(hu)層：23——雙(shuang)層防(fang)腐鋼帶繞包(bao)銷裝(zhuang)聚(ju)乙烯外(wai)被層

33——單層(ceng)細鋼絲鎧裝聚乙烯被層(ceng)

43——單層粗鋼絲鎧裝聚乙烯(xi)被層

53——單層(ceng)鋼(gang)帶皺紋縱包鎧裝聚乙烯外被層(ceng)

553——雙層(ceng)鋼帶(dai)皺(zhou)紋縱包鎧裝聚乙(yi)烯(xi)外被層(ceng)

2） BV 銅芯聚氯(lv)乙烯絕緣(yuan)電線；BLV 鋁芯聚氯(lv)乙烯絕緣(yuan)電線；

BVV 銅(tong)芯(xin)聚(ju)氯(lv)乙烯(xi)絕緣聚(ju)氯(lv)乙烯(xi)護套(tao)電(dian)線；BLVV 鋁芯(xin)聚(ju)氯(lv)乙烯(xi)絕緣聚(ju)氯(lv)乙烯(xi)護套(tao)電(dian)線；

BVR 銅芯(xin)聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯絕緣軟線(xian)；RV 銅芯(xin)聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯絕緣安裝軟線(xian)；

RVB 銅芯聚氯乙烯絕緣平型(xing)連(lian)接線軟線；BVS 銅芯聚氯乙烯絕緣絞型(xing)軟線；

RVV 銅芯聚氯乙烯(xi)絕(jue)緣聚氯乙烯(xi)護套軟(ruan)線(xian)；BYR 聚乙烯(xi)絕(jue)緣軟(ruan)電線(xian)；

BYVR 聚乙(yi)烯絕緣聚氯乙(yi)烯護套(tao)軟線；RY 聚乙(yi)烯絕緣軟線；

RYV 聚(ju)乙烯絕(jue)緣聚(ju)氯乙烯護套(tao)軟(ruan)線

3）WD：無鹵低煙型ZR: 阻燃型NH：耐火型DH：防火型