国产精品成人网站/两攻一受3p双龙h调教/玩弄人妻少妇500系列/人妻换人妻仑乱/国产成人一区二区三区别

電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是(shi)用(yong)于(yu)傳(chuan)輸和(he)分配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)常用(yong)于(yu)城市地下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站引(yin)出(chu)線(xian)路(lu)、工礦企業內部(bu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及過江海水下輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)線(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)所占比重正(zheng)逐漸增加(jia)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是(shi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統的主(zhu)干(gan)線(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)用(yong)以(yi)傳(chuan)輸和(he)分配大功率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)產品(pin)，包括1-500KV以(yi)及以(yi)上各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級(ji)，各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)絕緣(yuan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。

中文名

電力電纜

基本簡介

電(dian)力電(dian)纜的使用至(zhi)今已(yi)有(you)百年

主要(yao)分類(lei)

分類：按(an)電壓等(deng)級分

簡介：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的使用至今(jin)已有百余年(nian)歷(li)史。1879年(nian)，美國(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)明家T.A.愛迪(di)生(sheng)在銅(tong)棒(bang)上(shang)包繞黃(huang)麻(ma)并將其穿(chuan)入(ru)鐵管內(nei)，然后填充瀝青混合物制成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。他將此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)敷設于紐約，開創(chuang)了地下(xia)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。次年(nian)，英(ying)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)卡倫(lun)德(de)發(fa)(fa)明瀝青浸(jin)漬紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。1889年(nian)，英(ying)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)S.Z.費蘭梯在倫(lun)敦與德(de)特(te)(te)福德(de)之間(jian)敷設了10千伏(fu)油(you)浸(jin)紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。1908年(nian)，英(ying)國(guo)(guo)建成20千伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)網(wang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)得到越來越廣(guang)的應用。1911年(nian)，德(de)國(guo)(guo)敷設成60千伏(fu)高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，開始(shi)了高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的發(fa)(fa)展。1913年(nian)，德(de)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)M.霍希施泰特(te)(te)研制成分相屏蔽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan),改善了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)內(nei)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場分布,消除(chu)了絕(jue)緣表面(mian)的正切(qie)應力(li)，成為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)發(fa)(fa)展中的里程碑。1952年(nian)，瑞典在北部(bu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)敷設了380千伏(fu)超(chao)高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan),實現了超(chao)高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的應用。到80年(nian)代已制成1100千伏(fu)、1200千伏(fu)的特(te)(te)高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。

分類：按電壓等級分

按(an)(an)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級可分為(wei)中、低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜（35千伏(fu)及(ji)以下）、高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜(110千伏(fu)以上)、超高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜（275～800千伏(fu)）以及(ji)特高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜（1000千伏(fu)及(ji)以上）。此外，還可按(an)(an)電(dian)(dian)流制分為(wei)交流電(dian)(dian)纜和直流電(dian)(dian)纜。

按絕緣材料(liao)分

1、油(you)浸(jin)紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜以油(you)浸(jin)紙(zhi)作絕(jue)緣的電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜。其應(ying)用歷(li)史最長。它安全可靠(kao)，使用壽命長，價格(ge)低廉。主(zhu)要缺點是(shi)敷設(she)受落(luo)差限制(zhi)。自從開發出不滴(di)流浸(jin)紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣后(hou)，解決了落(luo)差限制(zhi)問題，使油(you)浸(jin)紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)纜得以繼(ji)續廣泛應(ying)用。

2、塑料(liao)絕緣(yuan)電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan) 　絕緣(yuan)層為擠壓塑料(liao)的(de)(de)電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)。常(chang)用的(de)(de)塑料(liao)有聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)、聚(ju)乙烯(xi)、交聯聚(ju)乙烯(xi)。塑料(liao)電(dian)纜(lan)結構簡(jian)單,制造(zao)加工方便，重量輕，敷(fu)設安裝方便,不受(shou)敷(fu)設落差限制。因此(ci)廣泛應用作(zuo)中低壓電(dian)纜(lan)，并有取代粘性浸漬(zi)油紙(zhi)電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)趨(qu)勢。其最大缺點是(shi)存在(zai)樹枝(zhi)化(hua)擊穿現象，這限制了它在(zai)更高電(dian)壓的(de)(de)使用。

3、橡(xiang)(xiang)皮絕緣(yuan)電力電纜(lan)　絕緣(yuan)層(ceng)為橡(xiang)(xiang)膠加上各(ge)種配合(he)(he)劑，經過(guo)充分混煉后擠(ji)包在導(dao)電線芯上，經過(guo)加溫硫(liu)化而成。它(ta)柔(rou)軟，富有彈性，適合(he)(he)于移動頻繁、敷設彎曲半徑(jing)小(xiao)的場(chang)合(he)(he)。

常(chang)用作絕緣的(de)膠(jiao)料有天然膠(jiao)-丁苯(ben)膠(jiao)混合物，乙丙膠(jiao)、丁基膠(jiao)等。

按電壓等級(ji)分

1、低壓電纜：適(shi)用于(yu)固(gu)定(ding)敷設在交流50Hz，額定(ding)電壓3kv及(ji)以下的輸配電線(xian)路上作輸送電能用。

2、中低壓電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)：（一般指35KV及以(yi)下）：聚氯乙烯絕緣(yuan)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，聚乙烯絕緣(yuan)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，交(jiao)聯聚乙烯絕緣(yuan)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)等。

3、高壓電(dian)纜(lan)：（一般為110KV及以上）：聚(ju)乙烯(xi)電(dian)纜(lan)和交聯(lian)聚(ju)乙烯(xi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)纜(lan)等。

4、超高壓電纜：（275～800千(qian)伏）。

5、特高壓電纜(lan)：（1000千伏及以(yi)上）。

基本(ben)結構(gou)：電力電纜(lan)的基本(ben)結構(gou)由(you)線芯（導體）、絕緣(yuan)層(ceng)、屏蔽層(ceng)和(he)保護(hu)層(ceng)四部分組成。

1.線芯是電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜的導電(dian)(dian)部(bu)分，用來輸送電(dian)(dian)能，是電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜的主要部(bu)分。

2.絕緣層是(shi)將線(xian)芯與(yu)大(da)地以及不同相的線(xian)芯間(jian)在電(dian)氣上(shang)彼此隔離，保證電(dian)能輸送，是(shi)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜(lan)結構中不可缺少的組成部分(fen)。

3.15KV及(ji)以上(shang)的電(dian)力電(dian)纜一般(ban)都(dou)有導體(ti)屏蔽(bi)層和絕緣屏蔽(bi)層。

4.保護層的作用是(shi)保護電力電纜(lan)免受外(wai)界雜質和(he)水分的侵入，以及防止外(wai)力直(zhi)接損(sun)壞電力電纜(lan)。

主要優點(dian)：

1占(zhan)地(di)少(shao)。一(yi)般(ban)埋設于土壤中或敷設于室內，溝道，隧道中，線間(jian)絕緣(yuan)距離小，不(bu)用桿(gan)塔，占(zhan)地(di)少(shao)，基本不(bu)占(zhan)地(di)面上空間(jian)。

2可(ke)靠(kao)性高。受氣候(hou)條件(jian)和周(zhou)圍環境影(ying)響小，傳輸性能(neng)穩定，可(ke)靠(kao)性高。

3具有向超高壓，大(da)容(rong)量發展的更為有利的條件，如低溫(wen)，超導電力電纜等。

4分布電容較大。

5維護工作量少。

6電擊可能性小。

型號說明(ming)

電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜的型號

1.用(yong)漢語拼音第一(yi)個字(zi)母的(de)大寫表(biao)(biao)(biao)示絕緣種(zhong)類、導體(ti)材料、內護層材料和結構特(te)點。如(ru)用(yong)Z代表(biao)(biao)(biao)紙（zhi）；L代表(biao)(biao)(biao)鋁（lv）；Q代表(biao)(biao)(biao)鉛(qian)（qian）；F代表(biao)(biao)(biao)分(fen)相（fen）；ZR代表(biao)(biao)(biao)阻燃（zuran）；NH代表(biao)(biao)(biao)耐火（naihuo）。

2.用(yong)數字(zi)(zi)表示(shi)外(wai)護層(ceng)構成，有(you)二位數字(zi)(zi)。無(wu)數字(zi)(zi)代表無(wu)鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)層(ceng)，無(wu)外(wai)被層(ceng)。第一位數字(zi)(zi)表示(shi)鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)，第二位數字(zi)(zi)表示(shi)外(wai)被，如粗鋼絲鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)纖維外(wai)被表示(shi)為41。

3.電(dian)纜型(xing)號按電(dian)纜結構的排列一般依次(ci)序為(wei)：絕緣材料(liao)；導體材料(liao)；內護(hu)層(ceng)；外(wai)護(hu)層(ceng)。

4.電(dian)纜(lan)產品(pin)用型號、額定電(dian)壓(ya)和(he)規(gui)格表示。其方法是在型號后再加上說明額定電(dian)壓(ya)、芯數和(he)標稱截面積的。

型號(hao)詳細說明

（1）類別(bie)：H——市內通信電(dian)纜HP——配線電(dian)纜HJ——局(ju)用電(dian)纜

（2）絕(jue)緣：Y——聚(ju)(ju)乙烯絕(jue)緣YF——泡沫聚(ju)(ju)烯烴絕(jue)緣YP——泡沫/實(shi)心皮聚(ju)(ju)烯烴絕(jue)緣

（3）內護(hu)(hu)層：A——涂塑鋁帶粘接(jie)屏蔽(bi)聚乙(yi)(yi)烯護(hu)(hu)套(tao)S——鋁，鋼(gang)雙層金(jin)屬帶屏蔽(bi)聚乙(yi)(yi)烯護(hu)(hu)套(tao)      V——聚氯(lv)乙(yi)(yi)烯護(hu)(hu)套(tao)

（4）特(te)征(zheng)：T——石(shi)油膏填(tian)充G——高(gao)頻隔(ge)離C——自承式

（5）外護層(ceng)：23——雙層(ceng)防腐(fu)鋼(gang)帶繞包銷裝聚乙(yi)烯外被(bei)層(ceng)

33——單層(ceng)細(xi)鋼(gang)絲鎧裝聚乙烯被層(ceng)

43——單層(ceng)粗鋼絲鎧裝聚乙烯被層(ceng)

53——單(dan)層鋼帶(dai)皺紋縱包鎧裝聚乙烯外被(bei)層

553——雙層(ceng)鋼帶皺紋(wen)縱包鎧裝聚乙烯外(wai)被(bei)層(ceng)

2） BV 銅芯聚氯乙烯絕(jue)緣電(dian)線；BLV 鋁(lv)芯聚氯乙烯絕(jue)緣電(dian)線；

BVV 銅芯聚氯(lv)乙烯絕(jue)緣聚氯(lv)乙烯護(hu)套電線；BLVV 鋁芯聚氯(lv)乙烯絕(jue)緣聚氯(lv)乙烯護(hu)套電線；

BVR 銅(tong)(tong)芯(xin)聚氯乙(yi)烯絕緣軟線(xian)(xian)；RV 銅(tong)(tong)芯(xin)聚氯乙(yi)烯絕緣安(an)裝(zhuang)軟線(xian)(xian)；

RVB 銅芯(xin)聚氯(lv)(lv)乙烯絕緣平型(xing)連接線(xian)軟(ruan)線(xian)；BVS 銅芯(xin)聚氯(lv)(lv)乙烯絕緣絞型(xing)軟(ruan)線(xian)；

RVV 銅芯聚(ju)氯(lv)(lv)乙烯(xi)絕緣聚(ju)氯(lv)(lv)乙烯(xi)護套(tao)軟(ruan)線(xian)；BYR 聚(ju)乙烯(xi)絕緣軟(ruan)電線(xian)；

BYVR 聚乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣聚氯乙(yi)烯護(hu)套軟線(xian)；RY 聚乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣軟線(xian)；

RYV 聚(ju)乙(yi)烯絕緣聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯護套軟線

3）WD：無鹵低煙型(xing)(xing)ZR: 阻燃型(xing)(xing)NH：耐火型(xing)(xing)DH：防火型(xing)(xing)