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電(dian)力電(dian)纜

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)是用(yong)于傳(chuan)輸(shu)和(he)分配電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)常(chang)用(yong)于城(cheng)市(shi)地下電(dian)(dian)(dian)網、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)站引出線(xian)路、工(gong)礦企業內部(bu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)過江海(hai)水下輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力線(xian)路中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)所占比(bi)重正逐漸增加(jia)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)是在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統的(de)(de)主干線(xian)路中用(yong)以傳(chuan)輸(shu)和(he)分配大功(gong)率電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)產品(pin)，包(bao)括1-500KV以及(ji)以上各種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級，各種(zhong)(zhong)絕緣的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。

中文名

電力電纜

基本簡介

電力(li)電纜的使用至今已(yi)有百年

主要分類(lei)

分類：按電壓等級分

簡介：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)使(shi)用至今已有(you)百余年(nian)(nian)(nian)歷史。1879年(nian)(nian)(nian)，美國發明(ming)家(jia)T.A.愛(ai)迪生在(zai)銅(tong)棒上包繞黃麻并將其穿入鐵管內，然后(hou)填充瀝(li)青混合物制成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。他(ta)將此(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)敷(fu)(fu)設于紐(niu)約(yue)，開(kai)創了(le)地下(xia)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。次年(nian)(nian)(nian)，英(ying)國人卡倫德發明(ming)瀝(li)青浸(jin)(jin)漬紙絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。1889年(nian)(nian)(nian)，英(ying)國人S.Z.費蘭梯在(zai)倫敦與德特福德之(zhi)間敷(fu)(fu)設了(le)10千(qian)伏(fu)油(you)浸(jin)(jin)紙絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。1908年(nian)(nian)(nian)，英(ying)國建成20千(qian)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)網。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)得到越來(lai)越廣(guang)的(de)(de)應(ying)用。1911年(nian)(nian)(nian)，德國敷(fu)(fu)設成60千(qian)伏(fu)高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，開(kai)始了(le)高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)發展。1913年(nian)(nian)(nian)，德國人M.霍希施泰特研制成分相屏(ping)蔽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan),改(gai)善了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)內部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)分布,消除了(le)絕(jue)緣(yuan)表面的(de)(de)正切應(ying)力(li)(li)(li)，成為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)發展中的(de)(de)里(li)程碑。1952年(nian)(nian)(nian)，瑞(rui)典(dian)在(zai)北部發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠敷(fu)(fu)設了(le)380千(qian)伏(fu)超高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan),實(shi)現了(le)超高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)應(ying)用。到80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代已制成1100千(qian)伏(fu)、1200千(qian)伏(fu)的(de)(de)特高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。

分類：按電壓等級分

按電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級可(ke)分為(wei)中(zhong)、低壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（35千伏及以(yi)(yi)下）、高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(110千伏以(yi)(yi)上(shang))、超高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（275～800千伏）以(yi)(yi)及特(te)高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（1000千伏及以(yi)(yi)上(shang)）。此外(wai)，還可(ke)按電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)制分為(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)和直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。

按絕緣材料分

1、油(you)浸(jin)(jin)紙(zhi)(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)以油(you)浸(jin)(jin)紙(zhi)(zhi)作絕(jue)緣(yuan)的電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)。其應(ying)用(yong)歷史最長。它安全可靠，使用(yong)壽命長，價(jia)格低廉。主要缺點是(shi)敷(fu)設受落差限(xian)制(zhi)。自從(cong)開發出不滴(di)流浸(jin)(jin)紙(zhi)(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)后，解(jie)決(jue)了落差限(xian)制(zhi)問題，使油(you)浸(jin)(jin)紙(zhi)(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)纜(lan)得(de)以繼續廣泛應(ying)用(yong)。

2、塑(su)料(liao)(liao)絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜 　絕緣(yuan)層(ceng)為(wei)擠(ji)壓塑(su)料(liao)(liao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜。常用(yong)的(de)塑(su)料(liao)(liao)有聚氯乙烯(xi)、聚乙烯(xi)、交聯聚乙烯(xi)。塑(su)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜結構(gou)簡單,制造加工方便(bian)，重量(liang)輕，敷(fu)設(she)安裝方便(bian),不受敷(fu)設(she)落差限(xian)制。因此廣泛應用(yong)作(zuo)中低壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜，并有取代粘性浸漬(zi)油紙電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)趨勢。其(qi)最大缺點(dian)是存在樹(shu)枝化擊穿現象(xiang)，這限(xian)制了(le)它在更(geng)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)使用(yong)。

3、橡皮絕緣電(dian)力電(dian)纜　絕緣層為橡膠加上各種配合劑，經(jing)過(guo)充分混煉后擠包在(zai)導電(dian)線(xian)芯上，經(jing)過(guo)加溫硫(liu)化而成。它(ta)柔軟，富有彈性，適合于移動頻繁(fan)、敷(fu)設彎(wan)曲半徑小(xiao)的(de)場合。

常用作(zuo)絕緣的膠(jiao)(jiao)料有(you)天然膠(jiao)(jiao)-丁(ding)苯膠(jiao)(jiao)混合物，乙丙膠(jiao)(jiao)、丁(ding)基膠(jiao)(jiao)等。

按電壓等級(ji)分

1、低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)：適用于(yu)固(gu)定敷設在交流50Hz，額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)3kv及以下的輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路上作(zuo)輸(shu)送電(dian)(dian)能用。

2、中低壓電(dian)纜：（一般指35KV及以下）：聚(ju)氯乙烯絕緣(yuan)電(dian)纜，聚(ju)乙烯絕緣(yuan)電(dian)纜，交(jiao)聯(lian)聚(ju)乙烯絕緣(yuan)電(dian)纜等。

3、高壓電(dian)纜：（一般為110KV及(ji)以上）：聚乙烯(xi)電(dian)纜和(he)交聯聚乙烯(xi)絕緣電(dian)纜等。

4、超高壓電纜：（275～800千伏）。

5、特(te)高壓電纜：（1000千伏及(ji)以上）。

基本(ben)(ben)結(jie)構(gou)：電(dian)力電(dian)纜的基本(ben)(ben)結(jie)構(gou)由線(xian)芯（導體(ti)）、絕緣層、屏蔽層和保(bao)護層四部(bu)分組成。

1.線芯是電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)導電(dian)(dian)部分，用來輸送電(dian)(dian)能，是電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)主要(yao)部分。

2.絕緣層(ceng)是將線芯與大地以及不同(tong)相的線芯間在電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣上彼此(ci)隔離，保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)能輸送，是電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜結構中不可缺(que)少(shao)的組成部(bu)分。

3.15KV及以(yi)上的電力電纜一般都有導體(ti)屏蔽(bi)層和絕(jue)緣屏蔽(bi)層。

4.保護層(ceng)的(de)作用(yong)是保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜免受外界雜質和水分(fen)的(de)侵入，以及防止外力(li)直(zhi)接(jie)損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜。

主要(yao)優點(dian)：

1占(zhan)地少。一般埋設(she)于土(tu)壤中(zhong)或敷設(she)于室內，溝道，隧道中(zhong)，線間絕緣距離小，不(bu)用桿塔，占(zhan)地少，基本不(bu)占(zhan)地面上空間。

2可靠性高(gao)。受氣候條(tiao)件和(he)周圍環境影響小，傳(chuan)輸性能穩定，可靠性高(gao)。

3具有(you)向(xiang)超(chao)高(gao)壓，大容量發展的更為(wei)有(you)利的條(tiao)件，如(ru)低溫，超(chao)導(dao)電力電纜等。

4分布電容較大。

5維護工作量少。

6電擊可能性小。

型號說明

電力電纜的(de)型號

1.用漢語拼音第一個字母(mu)的大寫(xie)表(biao)(biao)示絕緣種(zhong)類、導(dao)體材(cai)料、內護層材(cai)料和結構(gou)特點。如用Z代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)紙（zhi）；L代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)鋁（lv）；Q代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)鉛（qian）；F代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)分相（fen）；ZR代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)阻燃(ran)（zuran）；NH代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)耐火（naihuo）。

2.用數(shu)字(zi)表(biao)示外(wai)護層(ceng)構成，有二位數(shu)字(zi)。無(wu)(wu)數(shu)字(zi)代表(biao)無(wu)(wu)鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)層(ceng)，無(wu)(wu)外(wai)被層(ceng)。第(di)一位數(shu)字(zi)表(biao)示鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)，第(di)二位數(shu)字(zi)表(biao)示外(wai)被，如粗鋼絲鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)纖維外(wai)被表(biao)示為41。

3.電纜(lan)型(xing)號按電纜(lan)結構的排列一(yi)般依(yi)次序為：絕緣材(cai)料(liao)；導體(ti)材(cai)料(liao)；內護(hu)層；外護(hu)層。

4.電纜產品(pin)用型號(hao)、額定(ding)電壓和規格表示。其方法是在(zai)型號(hao)后(hou)再加上說明額定(ding)電壓、芯數和標稱截面積的。

型號詳細說(shuo)明

（1）類(lei)別：H——市內(nei)通信電纜HP——配線電纜HJ——局用電纜

（2）絕緣(yuan)：Y——聚乙烯(xi)(xi)絕緣(yuan)YF——泡(pao)(pao)沫聚烯(xi)(xi)烴(jing)絕緣(yuan)YP——泡(pao)(pao)沫/實心皮(pi)聚烯(xi)(xi)烴(jing)絕緣(yuan)

（3）內護(hu)層(ceng)：A——涂塑鋁帶粘接(jie)屏蔽聚(ju)乙烯(xi)護(hu)套(tao)S——鋁，鋼雙層(ceng)金屬帶屏蔽聚(ju)乙烯(xi)護(hu)套(tao)      V——聚(ju)氯(lv)乙烯(xi)護(hu)套(tao)

（4）特(te)征：T——石油膏填充G——高頻隔(ge)離(li)C——自(zi)承(cheng)式

（5）外護層：23——雙層防(fang)腐(fu)鋼帶繞包銷裝聚乙(yi)烯外被層

33——單層(ceng)細鋼(gang)絲鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)聚乙(yi)烯被層(ceng)

43——單層粗鋼絲鎧裝聚(ju)乙烯被(bei)層

53——單層鋼帶皺(zhou)紋縱包鎧裝聚乙烯外被層

553——雙層(ceng)鋼帶皺紋縱(zong)包鎧裝聚乙(yi)烯外被層(ceng)

2） BV 銅芯聚氯(lv)乙(yi)(yi)烯絕緣電(dian)線(xian)；BLV 鋁芯聚氯(lv)乙(yi)(yi)烯絕緣電(dian)線(xian)；

BVV 銅芯聚(ju)(ju)氯(lv)乙烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)聚(ju)(ju)氯(lv)乙烯(xi)護(hu)套(tao)電(dian)線；BLVV 鋁芯聚(ju)(ju)氯(lv)乙烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)聚(ju)(ju)氯(lv)乙烯(xi)護(hu)套(tao)電(dian)線；

BVR 銅芯(xin)聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)軟(ruan)線；RV 銅芯(xin)聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)安裝軟(ruan)線；

RVB 銅芯聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)平(ping)型連(lian)接(jie)線(xian)軟線(xian)；BVS 銅芯聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)絞型軟線(xian)；

RVV 銅芯聚(ju)(ju)氯乙(yi)烯(xi)絕緣聚(ju)(ju)氯乙(yi)烯(xi)護套軟線；BYR 聚(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)絕緣軟電(dian)線；

BYVR 聚(ju)乙烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)聚(ju)氯乙烯護套軟線(xian)；RY 聚(ju)乙烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)軟線(xian)；

RYV 聚乙烯(xi)絕(jue)緣聚氯乙烯(xi)護套軟線

3）WD：無鹵(lu)低煙型(xing)ZR: 阻燃型(xing)NH：耐(nai)火(huo)型(xing)DH：防火(huo)型(xing)