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來(lai)源(yuan):行(xing)業(ye)動態 閱讀(du):158155 發布時間(jian):2019-07-05
日前,國網天(tian)(tian)(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)市電(dian)力公(gong)司提出的“以(yi)電(dian)供(gong)熱”試(shi)點規劃,被(bei)寫入天(tian)(tian)(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)市政府(fu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)報告(gao),預示著(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)市加熱電(dian)纜的需(xu)求(qiu)量將不(bu)斷提高(gao)。“推廣電(dian)能(neng)替(ti)代工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),啟(qi)動以(yi)電(dian)供(gong)熱試(shi)點”被(bei)寫入天(tian)(tian)(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)市政府(fu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)報告(gao),這(zhe)標(biao)志著(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)能(neng)替(ti)代工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)已進(jin)入政府(fu)主導、系統推進(jin)的新(xin)階段(duan)。
當前(qian)電能(neng)(neng)替代(dai)技(ji)術成(cheng)熟,經(jing)濟優勢明顯,清潔環(huan)保已成(cheng)為政府和廣(guang)大用戶的(de)共(gong)識。一直以來,北方地區冬季供(gong)熱取暖主要(yao)是采用燃煤鍋爐,造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)嚴(yan)重大氣污染。如果(guo)采取電能(neng)(neng)替代(dai),以電能(neng)(neng)或太陽能(neng)(neng)代(dai)替燃煤蒸(zheng)汽(qi)供(gong)熱,不(bu)但供(gong)熱成(cheng)本大幅(fu)度降低,而且不(bu)會造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)環(huan)境污染。
在(zai)有些專家(jia)(jia)看來,電能作(zuo)為清潔能源(yuan)的優勢(shi)凸顯,替(ti)(ti)代潛(qian)力(li)(li)巨大。4月2日,國家(jia)(jia)電網(wang)公司召開了(le)2015年電能替(ti)(ti)代工(gong)作(zuo)推進會(hui),發布了(le)《國家(jia)(jia)電網(wang)公司2015年全面深入推進電能替(ti)(ti)代行動計劃(hua)》,提出了(le)確(que)保全年完成(cheng)650億千瓦時(shi)、力(li)(li)爭實現750億千瓦時(shi)替(ti)(ti)代電量。
據(ju)了解(jie),今年(nian)國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網公司將(jiang)著力(li)鞏固擴大電(dian)(dian)(dian)窯爐、電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍋爐、熱泵等成(cheng)熟項目的實施范(fan)圍,因地制宜拓展新(xin)領域、推(tui)廣新(xin)技(ji)術(shu),除在(zai)港(gang)口地區推(tui)廣岸電(dian)(dian)(dian)替代(通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)將(jiang)船(chuan)舶(bo)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)與岸上電(dian)(dian)(dian)源連接,在(zai)船(chuan)舶(bo)靠岸期間采用(yong)陸地電(dian)(dian)(dian)源供電(dian)(dian)(dian))外,還將(jiang)對居民區、學校(xiao)等用(yong)戶推(tui)廣碳晶(jing)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱膜、發熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)等技(ji)術(shu),在(zai)企事業單位(wei)食(shi)堂推(tui)廣電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁灶、電(dian)(dian)(dian)蒸鍋,在(zai)油(you)田推(tui)廣電(dian)(dian)(dian)動鉆機,在(zai)油(you)氣輸送(song)管(guan)線推(tui)廣電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)加壓等。
從消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)端(duan)來(lai)(lai)看(kan),各地主要通過(guo)以電代煤(mei)(mei)、以電代油來(lai)(lai)促進節(jie)能(neng)減(jian)排。北(bei)京市城(cheng)六區基本取消(xiao)(xiao)燃煤(mei)(mei)鍋爐,農村地區新增減(jian)煤(mei)(mei)換煤(mei)(mei)120萬噸(dun)。河北(bei)省提出大幅壓減(jian)煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)用量(liang),實(shi)施煤(mei)(mei)電節(jie)能(neng)減(jian)排升級(ji)改(gai)造行動(dong)計劃。在歐美發達國(guo)家(jia),電采(cai)暖普及率(lv)非常(chang)高,美國(guo)80%的(de)城(cheng)市實(shi)行電采(cai)暖,加拿大、德國(guo)、法國(guo)等(deng)電采(cai)暖比例均在50%以上。
有專家分析認(ren)為,國內大力開(kai)展電能(neng)替代,能(neng)有效緩解電纜(lan)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)能(neng)過剩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)帶來的巨大壓力。國內電線電纜(lan)行業(ye)(ye)產(chan)能(neng)過剩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)以及設(she)備過剩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是不(bu)爭(zheng)(zheng)的事實,產(chan)能(neng)過剩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)意味(wei)著供大于(yu)(yu)求,意味(wei)著惡性(xing)競爭(zheng)(zheng);而設(she)備過剩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)又反映出開(kai)工(gong)率(lv)不(bu)足。事實上(shang)(shang),僅次于(yu)(yu)汽車(che)制造業(ye)(ye)的第二大產(chan)業(ye)(ye)電線電纜(lan)行業(ye)(ye)在贏得“全(quan)球第一”之(zhi)后,卻因蜂擁(yong)而上(shang)(shang)深陷“紅海”的產(chan)能(neng)嚴(yan)重(zhong)過剩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)中。不(bu)足四成(cheng)的產(chan)能(neng)開(kai)工(gong)率(lv)還不(bu)到歐美同期一半,連續萎靡的虧損包袱成(cheng)為不(bu)少上(shang)(shang)市(shi)公司(si)不(bu)能(neng)承受之(zhi)重(zhong),欲剝(bo)離(li)減(jian)負。
近(jin)來研(yan)發成功(gong)的(de)碳纖維加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)電(dian)纜,將加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)電(dian)纜系(xi)統的(de)應(ying)用(yong)推(tui)向了技術創新階段。推(tui)行“以電(dian)供熱(re)(re)”的(de)應(ying)用(yong),廣泛涉及(ji)千家(jia)萬戶。例如在住宅內部,可實現墻壁(bi)、地(di)板、空間加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)。其(qi)中(zhong),僅墻壁(bi)和地(di)板加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)系(xi)統,就需要大量加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)電(dian)纜。此外,根據外國經驗,道路和機(ji)場融(rong)雪加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re),也普(pu)遍首(shou)選加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)電(dian)纜系(xi)統。
電(dian)(dian)采暖相比燃煤(mei)采暖優勢(shi)比較明顯。當前(qian),國內電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)需(xu)矛盾(dun)將日趨緩和(he),2006年(nian)中國電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)需(xu)基本(ben)平衡。從(cong)2007年(nian)開始,一部分(fen)煤(mei)炭(tan)產地為降低(di)煤(mei)炭(tan)運(yun)輸(shu)成(cheng)本(ben),大(da)力(li)(li)發(fa)展火力(li)(li)發(fa)電(dian)(dian),變煤(mei)炭(tan)運(yun)輸(shu)為電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)輸(shu)送(song),并且國家正在大(da)力(li)(li)發(fa)展風(feng)力(li)(li)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)、太陽(yang)能發(fa)電(dian)(dian)、水力(li)(li)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)、核電(dian)(dian)等,電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)已(yi)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)冬季(ji)過(guo)剩現(xian)(xian)象,這就為電(dian)(dian)采暖提(ti)供(gong)了足夠空間。
據(ju)相(xiang)關統計數字表明,我國地面輻射(she)采暖(nuan)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)在2010年底已達千億元,其中(zhong)技術成(cheng)熟的低溫熱(re)(re)水輻射(she)采暖(nuan)和(he)散熱(re)(re)片采暖(nuan)占(zhan)據(ju)70%以上(shang)的市(shi)場(chang)(chang)份額。電采暖(nuan)雖處于起(qi)步階段(duan),但也占(zhan)據(ju)了25%左右的市(shi)場(chang)(chang)份額,并且保持(chi)(chi)持(chi)(chi)續上(shang)升(sheng)的趨(qu)勢。
如今,全國各(ge)地(di)針對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)紛紛出臺(tai)優(you)惠政策,這從側面展現出了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)巨大(da)潛力,也(ye)為碳纖維(wei)發熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)發展提供(gong)了(le)無限(xian)的(de)(de)可能(neng)(neng)性。就目(mu)前各(ge)個集中供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)區域(yu)推出的(de)(de)供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)政策來看,煤炭供(gong)熱(re)的(de)(de)時(shi)代正(zheng)在成為歷史。而(er)新(xin)型的(de)(de)環保節能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)方式正(zheng)在占領市場,其(qi)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)以(yi)其(qi)成熟的(de)(de)行業體系(xi)和卓越的(de)(de)供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)效果(guo)正(zheng)在不斷受到(dao)重視。這為正(zheng)處于產(chan)能(neng)(neng)過剩的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜產(chan)業開辟了(le)一個新(xin)的(de)(de)市場。