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1.電性能檢測

主要有導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗及(ji)絕緣線芯間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗，每項都(dou)很重要，導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)直接反映(ying)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性(xing)能(neng)，直接影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行中的溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降(jiang)、以及(ji)運行安全(quan)，它主要考(kao)查(cha)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的材質(zhi)和(he)截面積，若導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的材質(zhi)不好或截面積嚴(yan)重不足，就(jiu)會(hui)造成(cheng)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)嚴(yan)重超標，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)鋪設在(zai)線路(lu)中就(jiu)會(hui)增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)線路(lu)上通過時(shi)的損(sun)耗(hao)，引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)本身發熱(re)，引起包覆導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的絕緣老化開(kai)裂，造成(cheng)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短(duan)路(lu)，甚至造成(cheng)火災，危及(ji)人身、財產(chan)的安全(quan)。標準(zhun)對(dui)不同(tong)規格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值均有嚴(yan)格(ge)的規定，不得大于標準(zhun)規定的值。

絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻、成品電(dian)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)間(jian)電(dian)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，均(jun)(jun)考(kao)查的(de)(de)是電(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層和護套(tao)層的(de)(de)電(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)能(neng)，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻是檢測兩個(ge)導體之間(jian)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材料的(de)(de)電(dian)阻，它應足(zu)(zu)夠(gou)大以起到絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護作用(yong)。成品電(dian)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)間(jian)電(dian)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)不(bu)光(guang)要求(qiu)電(dian)纜(lan)有足(zu)(zu)夠(gou)的(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)力，還要求(qiu)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或護套(tao)材料均(jun)(jun)勻無雜(za)質、厚度(du)足(zu)(zu)夠(gou)均(jun)(jun)勻，表面不(bu)能(neng)有看不(bu)見的(de)(de)沙眼、針孔等，否則就會造成耐壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時局部擊穿。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是考查絕(jue)緣和護套(tao)塑料材(cai)料的(de)(de)抗(kang)張強(qiang)度(du)(du)、斷裂(lie)伸長率，包括老(lao)化前后(hou)，還有(you)對(dui)于成品(pin)軟(ruan)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)進行的(de)(de)曲(qu)撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)、彎(wan)曲(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)、荷重斷芯(xin)試(shi)驗(yan)、絕(jue)緣線芯(xin)撕裂(lie)試(shi)驗(yan)、靜態曲(qu)撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)等。老(lao)化前、后(hou)抗(kang)張強(qiang)度(du)(du)、老(lao)化前后(hou)斷裂(lie)伸長率是電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)絕(jue)緣和護套(tao)材(cai)料最重要(yao)(yao)(yao)最基(ji)本的(de)(de)指標，要(yao)(yao)(yao)求用(yong)作電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)絕(jue)緣和護套(tao)的(de)(de)材(cai)料，既要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)足夠的(de)(de)拉伸強(qiang)度(du)(du)不(bu)容易拉斷，又(you)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)一定的(de)(de)柔韌性(xing)。

老(lao)化是指在高溫(wen)條件下(xia)，絕(jue)緣和護套材料保持其原有性能(neng)的(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)，老(lao)化不應嚴重影響(xiang)材料的(de)(de)抗張(zhang)強(qiang)度和伸(shen)長率(lv)，這些都(dou)將直(zhi)接(jie)影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)使(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)，若抗張(zhang)強(qiang)度和斷裂伸(shen)長率(lv)不合格，進行電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)施工安裝時就極易出現護套或絕(jue)緣體斷裂，或在光、熱環境下(xia)使(shi)用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)纜其護套和絕(jue)緣容易變脆，斷裂，致使(shi)帶電(dian)(dian)導體裸露，發生觸電(dian)(dian)危險。

另外(wai)(wai)軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)由于不是固定(ding)敷設，使用(yong)中存在(zai)反復(fu)拖拉、彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)等情況，所以對于軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)標準又另外(wai)(wai)規定(ding)了在(zai)其(qi)成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)上加做動(dong)態(tai)(tai)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、荷重(zhong)斷芯試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、絕(jue)緣線(xian)芯撕裂(lie)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、靜(jing)態(tai)(tai)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)等，以保(bao)證(zheng)這種線(xian)纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)實(shi)際使用(yong)中滿足要求。如動(dong)態(tai)(tai)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)主要考核軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在(zai)受到外(wai)(wai)界的機(ji)械拉伸和彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)等應力時，軟導體的絞合(he)線(xian)絲是否斷裂(lie)而降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的傳輸性能，或者刺破(po)絕(jue)緣而降低絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)性能;絕(jue)緣在(zai)受到應力作(zuo)用(yong)是是否變形或開裂(lie)而影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)絕(jue)緣性能的一種試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)方(fang)法。

3.絕緣和(he)護套材料性能(neng)試驗

包(bao)括熱失重(zhong)、熱沖擊、高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)彎(wan)曲、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)拉(la)伸、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)沖擊、阻(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)等(deng)等(deng)。這些都(dou)是(shi)(shi)考查(cha)絕緣和護套的(de)(de)(de)塑料(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)好(hao)壞，如熱失重(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)經過(guo)7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)老化后材料(liao)(liao)降解(jie)、揮發的(de)(de)(de)程度;熱沖擊檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)在150℃高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后經特殊(shu)卷繞的(de)(de)(de)絕緣表(biao)面是(shi)(shi)否有開裂;高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)絕緣材料(liao)(liao)在經過(guo)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)再(zai)冷(leng)卻后其(qi)彈性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)保持程度;所有的(de)(de)(de)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)般指在-15℃條件下其(qi)機械性(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)變化，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)線(xian)纜(lan)(lan)材料(liao)(liao)在低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)環(huan)境下是(shi)(shi)否變脆、易開裂或易拉(la)斷等(deng)。 另外(wai)電纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)勝能(neng)很重(zhong)要，考查(cha)該(gai)項性(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)為不延燃(ran)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)，即(ji)對按標(biao)準安裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)成品電纜(lan)(lan)用專門的(de)(de)(de)火焰(yan)點(dian)燃(ran)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)，待其(qi)火焰(yan)自行熄滅(mie)后檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)線(xian)纜(lan)(lan)被(bei)燒(shao)(shao)的(de)(de)(de)情況，當(dang)然(ran)被(bei)燒(shao)(shao)掉的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分越(yue)少越(yue)好(hao)，說(shuo)明其(qi)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)性(xing)(xing)差，阻(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)好(hao)，越(yue)安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)包裝上應(ying)附有(you)表示(shi)產(chan)品型(xing)號、規格(ge)、標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)號、廠名和(he)(he)產(chan)地的標(biao)(biao)簽或標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，規格(ge)包括額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、芯數和(he)(he)導體標(biao)(biao)稱截面(mian)等；電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)表面(mian)應(ying)印(yin)有(you)制造(zao)廠名、產(chan)品型(xing)號和(he)(he)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的連續標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)間距要(yao)求(qiu)≤200mm(絕緣表面(mian))或≤500mm (護套(tao)表面(mian))，標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)內(nei)容應(ying)齊全、清晰(xi)、耐擦，這個要(yao)求(qiu)是方便使用者(zhe)了解電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的型(xing)號規格(ge)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級，以防敷(fu)設錯誤(wu)。

另(ling)外(wai)，電(dian)線(xian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯應優先選(xuan)用(yong)標準推(tui)薦的顏色(se)，特別要(yao)提的是黃(huang)/綠(lv)雙色(se)線(xian)芯，這種線(xian)一般用(yong)在電(dian)器產品的電(dian)源線(xian)中(zhong)，這條(tiao)特殊雙色(se)線(xian)專用(yong)于(yu)接地，對于(yu)黃(huang)/綠(lv)搭配標準也有以下規定：即(ji)對每一段(duan)長巧(qiao)~的雙色(se)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯，其(qi)中(zhong)一種顏色(se)應至(zhi)少(shao)覆(fu)蓋絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯表面的30%，且不大于(yu)70%，而另(ling)一種顏色(se)則(ze)覆(fu)蓋絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯的其(qi)余部分，即(ji)黃(huang)/綠(lv)雙色(se)應基本均(jun)衡搭配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕緣和護(hu)(hu)套(tao)的厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)、最薄(bo)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)、外形(xing)(xing)尺寸等。絕緣和護(hu)(hu)套(tao)的厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)大小對(dui)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)能(neng)夠(gou)耐受多大強度(du)(du)(du)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以及其機械性(xing)能(neng)好壞(huai)都(dou)有(you)很重要(yao)的作用(yong)，所(suo)以對(dui)于(yu)不同規(gui)格的電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，標(biao)(biao)準對(dui)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)都(dou)有(you)嚴格規(gui)定(ding)，要(yao)求(qiu)不得低(di)于(yu)國家標(biao)(biao)準的規(gui)定(ding)值。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)絕緣厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)太薄(bo)會嚴重影響電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的使(shi)用(yong)安(an)全(quan)，會帶來電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)擊穿、導體裸露引起漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)等安(an)全(quan)隱患，當然也不是(shi)越厚(hou)越好，應不影響安(an)裝，故標(biao)(biao)準又設(she)了(le)一個外形(xing)(xing)尺寸要(yao)求(qiu)對(dui)此進(jin)行(xing)限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認(ren)證(zheng)強制(zhi)性認(ren)證(zheng)，是進入國內市場的通(tong)行(xing)證(zheng)。

2.CB認(ren)證有利(li)于(yu)產(chan)品(pin)出口用于(yu)家(jia)庭、辦公室、車間和類似場所(suo)的(de)直接(jie)涉及人(ren)身安全(quan)的(de)電工產(chan)品(pin)，這(zhe)類產(chan)品(pin)在一(yi)部分國家(jia)中實行強制(zhi)性認(ren)證，即取得該(gai)國的(de)認(ren)證合格證書后，才允(yun)許(xu)出口到(dao)該(gai)國，并(bing)在該(gai)國市場上銷售。即使在未實行強制(zhi)性認(ren)證的(de)國家(jia)中，消費(fei)者為了自(zi)身的(de)安全(quan)，都愿意(yi)購買(mai)經過認(ren)證而(er)帶有認(ren)證標(biao)志的(de)產(chan)品(pin)。

3.CE認證

是產(chan)(chan)品(pin)進入歐(ou)(ou)盟及歐(ou)(ou)洲貿(mao)易自由區國家(jia)市場(chang)的通行證。獲得認證并貼有CE標(biao)志的產(chan)(chan)品(pin)將降低(di)在歐(ou)(ou)洲市場(chang)上銷售的風險：

1）被海關扣留和查處的(de)風險(xian);

2）被市場監(jian)督機構查處的風(feng)險;

3）同行出于競爭目的(de)的(de)指控風險。