国产精品成人网站/两攻一受3p双龙h调教/玩弄人妻少妇500系列/人妻换人妻仑乱/国产成人一区二区三区别

1.電性能檢測

主要(yao)有導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)及絕緣線(xian)(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)，每項都(dou)很重要(yao)，導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻直(zhi)(zhi)接反映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)輸性(xing)能，直(zhi)(zhi)接影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜在(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行(xing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降、以及運行(xing)安全，它主要(yao)考查導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)的(de)(de)材質和截面積，若導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)的(de)(de)材質不(bu)(bu)好或(huo)截面積嚴(yan)(yan)重不(bu)(bu)足，就(jiu)會造成導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻嚴(yan)(yan)重超標，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜鋪設(she)在(zai)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)就(jiu)會增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)上通過時的(de)(de)損耗，引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)本身發(fa)熱，引起包覆導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)的(de)(de)絕緣老化開裂，造成供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路(lu)(lu)，甚至造成火(huo)災，危及人身、財產的(de)(de)安全。標準對不(bu)(bu)同(tong)規(gui)(gui)格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值均(jun)有嚴(yan)(yan)格的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定，不(bu)(bu)得大于標準規(gui)(gui)定的(de)(de)值。

絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)、成(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)間電(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)，均考(kao)查的(de)是電(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層和護套(tao)層的(de)電(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性能，絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)是檢測兩個導(dao)體之間絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材料的(de)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，它(ta)應足(zu)夠大(da)以起到(dao)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護作用。成(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)及絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)間電(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)不(bu)光要(yao)求電(dian)纜有(you)足(zu)夠的(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能力，還(huan)要(yao)求絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或(huo)護套(tao)材料均勻無雜質(zhi)、厚度足(zu)夠均勻，表面不(bu)能有(you)看不(bu)見的(de)沙眼(yan)、針孔等，否則就會(hui)造成(cheng)耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)時局部(bu)擊穿(chuan)。

2.機械性能檢測

主要(yao)是考查絕緣和護套(tao)塑料(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)抗張強(qiang)度、斷裂伸(shen)長(chang)率(lv)，包括老(lao)化(hua)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，還有(you)(you)對于成品軟電纜(lan)進行(xing)的(de)(de)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)撓試驗、彎曲(qu)(qu)(qu)試驗、荷重斷芯試驗、絕緣線芯撕裂試驗、靜態曲(qu)(qu)(qu)撓試驗等。老(lao)化(hua)前(qian)(qian)、后(hou)(hou)(hou)抗張強(qiang)度、老(lao)化(hua)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)斷裂伸(shen)長(chang)率(lv)是電纜(lan)絕緣和護套(tao)材料(liao)(liao)最重要(yao)最基本(ben)的(de)(de)指標，要(yao)求(qiu)用(yong)作(zuo)電纜(lan)絕緣和護套(tao)的(de)(de)材料(liao)(liao)，既要(yao)有(you)(you)足夠(gou)的(de)(de)拉伸(shen)強(qiang)度不容(rong)易拉斷，又要(yao)有(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)柔韌性。

老(lao)化是(shi)指在高溫條件下，絕緣和護(hu)(hu)套材料保(bao)持其(qi)(qi)原有(you)性能的能力，老(lao)化不(bu)應嚴重影(ying)響材料的抗張(zhang)強度和伸(shen)長率，這些都(dou)將直接(jie)影(ying)響電(dian)纜(lan)的使(shi)用壽命，若抗張(zhang)強度和斷裂伸(shen)長率不(bu)合格，進行(xing)電(dian)纜(lan)的施工安(an)裝時就極易(yi)出現護(hu)(hu)套或絕緣體斷裂，或在光(guang)、熱環境(jing)下使(shi)用的電(dian)纜(lan)其(qi)(qi)護(hu)(hu)套和絕緣容易(yi)變(bian)脆(cui)，斷裂，致使(shi)帶電(dian)導體裸露，發生觸電(dian)危險(xian)。

另外軟電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)由(you)于(yu)不是(shi)固定(ding)敷(fu)設，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)存在(zai)(zai)反(fan)復拖拉(la)、彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)(deng)情況，所(suo)以對于(yu)軟電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)標準(zhun)又另外規(gui)定(ding)了在(zai)(zai)其(qi)成品電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)上加做動態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)驗、彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)試(shi)驗、荷重斷芯試(shi)驗、絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)(xian)芯撕裂(lie)試(shi)驗、靜態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)驗等(deng)(deng)，以保證這種線(xian)(xian)纜(lan)在(zai)(zai)實際使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)滿足要求。如動態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)驗主要考核(he)軟電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)(zai)受到外界的(de)機械拉(la)伸和彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)(deng)應力時，軟導體的(de)絞合線(xian)(xian)絲是(shi)否(fou)斷裂(lie)而降(jiang)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)的(de)傳(chuan)輸性能(neng)，或者刺(ci)破(po)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)而降(jiang)低(di)(di)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)氣性能(neng);絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)在(zai)(zai)受到應力作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)是(shi)否(fou)變形或開裂(lie)而影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)性能(neng)的(de)一種試(shi)驗方法。

3.絕緣和護套材料性能(neng)試驗

包括熱失重、熱沖(chong)擊、高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)彎曲(qu)、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)拉伸、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)沖(chong)擊、阻燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)等(deng)等(deng)。這些(xie)都是(shi)考(kao)查(cha)絕緣和(he)護套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)塑料(liao)(liao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)好(hao)壞，如(ru)熱失重試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)是(shi)檢(jian)測(ce)經(jing)(jing)過(guo)7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)老(lao)化(hua)后(hou)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)降解、揮(hui)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)度;熱沖(chong)擊檢(jian)測(ce)在(zai)150℃高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后(hou)經(jing)(jing)特殊卷繞的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣表面是(shi)否有(you)開(kai)裂;高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓力檢(jian)測(ce)絕緣材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)經(jing)(jing)過(guo)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)再冷卻后(hou)其彈性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保持程(cheng)度;所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)一(yi)般指在(zai)-15℃條件下其機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)，都是(shi)檢(jian)測(ce)線纜(lan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)環境下是(shi)否變(bian)脆、易(yi)開(kai)裂或易(yi)拉斷(duan)等(deng)。 另外電纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)勝能(neng)很重要，考(kao)查(cha)該(gai)項性(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)為(wei)不延燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，即(ji)對按標準安裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)品(pin)電纜(lan)用專門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)火焰點燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)，待其火焰自行熄(xi)滅后(hou)檢(jian)查(cha)線纜(lan)被燒的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，當然(ran)被燒掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分越少越好(hao)，說明其燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)燒性(xing)(xing)差，阻燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)性(xing)(xing)好(hao)，越安全。

4.標志檢查

標(biao)準(zhun)要求電(dian)纜(lan)包(bao)(bao)裝上應(ying)附有(you)(you)表(biao)(biao)示產(chan)(chan)品(pin)型(xing)號、規(gui)格(ge)、標(biao)準(zhun)號、廠名和產(chan)(chan)地的(de)標(biao)簽或標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，規(gui)格(ge)包(bao)(bao)括額(e)定電(dian)壓(ya)、芯數和導(dao)體標(biao)稱截(jie)面等；電(dian)纜(lan)表(biao)(biao)面應(ying)印有(you)(you)制造廠名、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)型(xing)號和額(e)定電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)連續標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)間距要求≤200mm(絕緣表(biao)(biao)面)或≤500mm (護(hu)套表(biao)(biao)面)，標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)內容應(ying)齊全、清晰、耐擦，這個要求是(shi)方便使用者(zhe)了解電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)型(xing)號規(gui)格(ge)及電(dian)壓(ya)等級(ji)，以防敷設錯誤。

另外，電線(xian)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)應(ying)優先選用(yong)標準推薦的顏色(se)(se)(se)，特別要(yao)提的是黃(huang)(huang)/綠雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)(se)(se)線(xian)芯(xin)，這種線(xian)一(yi)般用(yong)在電器產(chan)品的電源線(xian)中，這條特殊(shu)雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)(se)(se)線(xian)專用(yong)于(yu)接(jie)地(di)，對(dui)于(yu)黃(huang)(huang)/綠搭配標準也有以(yi)下規(gui)定：即(ji)對(dui)每(mei)一(yi)段(duan)長(chang)巧~的雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)(se)(se)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)，其中一(yi)種顏色(se)(se)(se)應(ying)至(zhi)少覆蓋(gai)(gai)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)表面的30%，且(qie)不(bu)大于(yu)70%，而另一(yi)種顏色(se)(se)(se)則(ze)覆蓋(gai)(gai)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)的其余部分，即(ji)黃(huang)(huang)/綠雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)(se)(se)應(ying)基本均衡(heng)搭配。

5.結構尺寸檢測

包括絕緣和護套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)、最薄厚(hou)(hou)度(du)、外形尺(chi)寸(cun)等。絕緣和護套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)大小對(dui)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)能夠耐受多(duo)大強(qiang)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，以(yi)及其機械(xie)性能好壞都(dou)有很重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)作用，所以(yi)對(dui)于不(bu)(bu)同規(gui)(gui)格的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，標(biao)準(zhun)對(dui)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)都(dou)有嚴格規(gui)(gui)定(ding)，要(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)(bu)得低(di)于國家標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)值(zhi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕緣厚(hou)(hou)度(du)太(tai)薄會嚴重影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)使用安(an)全，會帶(dai)來電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)擊穿、導(dao)體裸露引起漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)等安(an)全隱患，當然也不(bu)(bu)是越厚(hou)(hou)越好，應不(bu)(bu)影響安(an)裝，故標(biao)準(zhun)又設了一(yi)個外形尺(chi)寸(cun)要(yao)求(qiu)對(dui)此進行限制。

常見的認證標志

1.CCC認(ren)證強制性認(ren)證，是進(jin)入國內(nei)市場的通行證。

2.CB認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)有利于產(chan)品出(chu)口用于家庭、辦公室(shi)、車間(jian)和類(lei)似場所(suo)的(de)直接涉及人(ren)身(shen)安(an)全(quan)的(de)電工產(chan)品，這類(lei)產(chan)品在(zai)(zai)一部分國家中實行(xing)強制性(xing)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)，即取得該國的(de)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)合格證(zheng)書(shu)后，才允許出(chu)口到該國，并(bing)在(zai)(zai)該國市場上銷售。即使在(zai)(zai)未實行(xing)強制性(xing)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)的(de)國家中，消費(fei)者為了自身(shen)的(de)安(an)全(quan)，都愿(yuan)意(yi)購買經過認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)而帶有認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)標志的(de)產(chan)品。

3.CE認證

是(shi)產品進(jin)入歐(ou)盟及歐(ou)洲(zhou)貿易(yi)自由區國家市場的(de)通行證(zheng)。獲得認證(zheng)并貼有CE標志的(de)產品將降低在歐(ou)洲(zhou)市場上銷售(shou)的(de)風(feng)險：

1）被(bei)海關(guan)扣(kou)留和查處的風險(xian);

2）被市場監(jian)督機構(gou)查處的(de)風(feng)險;

3）同行出于競爭目的(de)的(de)指控風(feng)險。