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電力(li)電纜(lan)

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜是(shi)(shi)用(yong)于(yu)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸和分配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜常用(yong)于(yu)城市地(di)下(xia)(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)引(yin)出線(xian)路(lu)、工礦企(qi)業內部供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及過(guo)江海(hai)水下(xia)(xia)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)線(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜所占比重正逐漸增加。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜是(shi)(shi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統的(de)主干線(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)用(yong)以傳(chuan)(chuan)輸和分配(pei)大功率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜產品，包(bao)括1-500KV以及以上各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級，各種絕緣的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜。

中文名

電力電纜

基本簡介

電力電纜(lan)的使(shi)用至今已有百年

主要分類

分(fen)類：按電壓等級分(fen)

簡介：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)至今(jin)已(yi)有百余年(nian)(nian)歷史。1879年(nian)(nian)，美國(guo)發明家T.A.愛(ai)迪生在(zai)銅棒上(shang)包(bao)繞黃(huang)麻并將(jiang)其(qi)穿入鐵管內，然后(hou)填(tian)充瀝青(qing)混合物制(zhi)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。他將(jiang)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)敷(fu)(fu)設(she)于紐約，開(kai)創了(le)地下輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。次(ci)年(nian)(nian)，英國(guo)人(ren)(ren)卡倫德(de)發明瀝青(qing)浸(jin)(jin)漬(zi)紙絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。1889年(nian)(nian)，英國(guo)人(ren)(ren)S.Z.費(fei)蘭梯(ti)在(zai)倫敦與德(de)特福德(de)之(zhi)間敷(fu)(fu)設(she)了(le)10千伏油浸(jin)(jin)紙絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。1908年(nian)(nian)，英國(guo)建(jian)成20千伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)網。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)得到越來越廣的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)。1911年(nian)(nian)，德(de)國(guo)敷(fu)(fu)設(she)成60千伏高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，開(kai)始(shi)了(le)高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)發展。1913年(nian)(nian)，德(de)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)M.霍希施(shi)泰特研制(zhi)成分(fen)相屏蔽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan),改善了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)內部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場分(fen)布,消(xiao)除了(le)絕緣(yuan)表面(mian)的(de)(de)正(zheng)切應力(li)(li)，成為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)發展中的(de)(de)里程碑。1952年(nian)(nian)，瑞典在(zai)北(bei)部發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠敷(fu)(fu)設(she)了(le)380千伏超(chao)高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan),實現了(le)超(chao)高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)。到80年(nian)(nian)代已(yi)制(zhi)成1100千伏、1200千伏的(de)(de)特高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。

分類：按電壓等級分

按(an)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級(ji)可分(fen)為中、低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（35千(qian)伏及以(yi)下(xia)）、高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(110千(qian)伏以(yi)上(shang))、超高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（275～800千(qian)伏）以(yi)及特高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（1000千(qian)伏及以(yi)上(shang)）。此(ci)外，還可按(an)電(dian)(dian)流制(zhi)分(fen)為交流電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)和直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。

按絕(jue)緣材料分

1、油浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)以油浸紙(zhi)作絕(jue)緣(yuan)的電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)。其應用歷(li)史(shi)最(zui)長(chang)。它安全可(ke)靠，使(shi)用壽(shou)命長(chang)，價格低廉。主(zhu)要缺點(dian)是敷設受(shou)落差限制(zhi)。自從開發出(chu)不滴流浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)后(hou)，解決了(le)落差限制(zhi)問題，使(shi)油浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)纜(lan)得以繼續廣泛應用。

2、塑(su)料(liao)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜 　絕(jue)緣層(ceng)為擠壓塑(su)料(liao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜。常用的(de)(de)塑(su)料(liao)有聚(ju)氯乙烯、聚(ju)乙烯、交聯聚(ju)乙烯。塑(su)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)纜結構(gou)簡單,制造(zao)加工方便，重量(liang)輕，敷(fu)設安(an)裝方便,不受敷(fu)設落差限制。因此廣(guang)泛(fan)應用作中(zhong)低壓電(dian)(dian)纜，并有取代粘性浸漬油(you)紙電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)趨勢。其最大缺點是存在樹枝化擊(ji)穿現象，這限制了它在更高電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)使用。

3、橡(xiang)皮絕緣電(dian)力電(dian)纜　絕緣層為橡(xiang)膠加(jia)上(shang)各種配合(he)劑，經過(guo)充分混煉后擠包在導(dao)電(dian)線芯上(shang)，經過(guo)加(jia)溫硫化而成。它柔軟，富有彈性(xing)，適合(he)于移動頻繁、敷設(she)彎(wan)曲半徑小的場(chang)合(he)。

常(chang)用作(zuo)絕緣(yuan)的膠(jiao)(jiao)料有(you)天然(ran)膠(jiao)(jiao)-丁苯膠(jiao)(jiao)混合物，乙(yi)丙膠(jiao)(jiao)、丁基膠(jiao)(jiao)等。

按電(dian)壓(ya)等級分

1、低壓(ya)電(dian)纜：適用于固定敷設在(zai)交流50Hz，額定電(dian)壓(ya)3kv及(ji)以下的輸(shu)配電(dian)線路上作輸(shu)送電(dian)能(neng)用。

2、中低(di)壓電纜(lan)：（一般(ban)指35KV及(ji)以下）：聚(ju)氯乙烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電纜(lan)，聚(ju)乙烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電纜(lan)，交聯(lian)聚(ju)乙烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電纜(lan)等。

3、高壓電纜(lan)：（一般為(wei)110KV及(ji)以(yi)上(shang)）：聚乙(yi)烯電纜(lan)和(he)交聯(lian)聚乙(yi)烯絕緣電纜(lan)等。

4、超高(gao)壓電纜：（275～800千(qian)伏）。

5、特高壓電(dian)纜：（1000千伏及(ji)以(yi)上）。

基本結構：電力電纜的(de)基本結構由線芯（導(dao)體）、絕緣層(ceng)(ceng)、屏蔽層(ceng)(ceng)和保護層(ceng)(ceng)四部(bu)分組成。

1.線芯是(shi)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的導電(dian)(dian)部(bu)分，用來(lai)輸(shu)送電(dian)(dian)能，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的主要部(bu)分。

2.絕緣層是(shi)將(jiang)線(xian)芯與大地(di)以及不同相的線(xian)芯間在電(dian)氣上彼(bi)此隔離(li)，保證電(dian)能輸送，是(shi)電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)結構中不可缺少(shao)的組成部分。

3.15KV及以上的電力(li)電纜一(yi)般都有導(dao)體(ti)屏(ping)蔽層(ceng)(ceng)和絕(jue)緣屏(ping)蔽層(ceng)(ceng)。

4.保(bao)護層的作(zuo)用是保(bao)護電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)免受外(wai)界雜質(zhi)和水分(fen)的侵入，以及防止外(wai)力直接損壞電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)。

主要優(you)點：

1占(zhan)地少。一般埋設于土壤中或(huo)敷設于室內，溝道(dao)，隧(sui)道(dao)中，線間絕緣距離小(xiao)，不用(yong)桿(gan)塔，占(zhan)地少，基(ji)本不占(zhan)地面上空間。

2可靠性高。受氣候(hou)條件和周圍(wei)環境影響(xiang)小(xiao)，傳輸性能(neng)穩定，可靠性高。

3具有(you)向超(chao)高壓，大容量發(fa)展的更為有(you)利的條件，如低溫，超(chao)導電(dian)力電(dian)纜等。

4分布電容較大。

5維護工作量少。

6電擊可能性小。

型號(hao)說明

電力電纜的(de)型(xing)號(hao)

1.用漢語拼音第一個字母的大寫表(biao)(biao)(biao)示絕(jue)緣(yuan)種類、導體(ti)材(cai)料(liao)、內護層材(cai)料(liao)和結構特點。如用Z代(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)紙（zhi）；L代(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)鋁（lv）；Q代(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)鉛（qian）；F代(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)分相（fen）；ZR代(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)阻(zu)燃（zuran）；NH代(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)耐火(huo)（naihuo）。

2.用數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)外護層構成，有二(er)(er)位(wei)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)。無(wu)(wu)(wu)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)代表(biao)(biao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)鎧裝(zhuang)層，無(wu)(wu)(wu)外被(bei)層。第一位(wei)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)鎧裝(zhuang)，第二(er)(er)位(wei)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)外被(bei)，如(ru)粗鋼絲(si)鎧裝(zhuang)纖維外被(bei)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)為41。

3.電纜型號按電纜結構的排列一(yi)般依次序為：絕緣材料；導體材料；內護(hu)層；外(wai)護(hu)層。

4.電(dian)纜產品用(yong)型號(hao)、額定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)和(he)規格表(biao)示。其(qi)方(fang)法是在型號(hao)后再加上說(shuo)明額定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)、芯數和(he)標稱截面(mian)積(ji)的。

型號詳細(xi)說明(ming)

（1）類別：H——市內(nei)通信電(dian)纜HP——配線(xian)電(dian)纜HJ——局用(yong)電(dian)纜

（2）絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)：Y——聚乙烯絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)YF——泡沫(mo)聚烯烴絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)YP——泡沫(mo)/實(shi)心皮聚烯烴絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)

（3）內護層：A——涂塑鋁帶粘接屏(ping)蔽(bi)聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)護套S——鋁，鋼雙層金屬(shu)帶屏(ping)蔽(bi)聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)護套      V——聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯(xi)護套

（4）特征：T——石油(you)膏填(tian)充G——高頻(pin)隔離C——自(zi)承式(shi)

（5）外護層(ceng)：23——雙(shuang)層(ceng)防腐鋼(gang)帶繞包(bao)銷裝聚乙(yi)烯外被層(ceng)

33——單層細鋼絲鎧裝聚(ju)乙烯(xi)被層

43——單層粗鋼(gang)絲鎧裝(zhuang)聚(ju)乙烯(xi)被層

53——單(dan)層(ceng)鋼帶皺紋縱(zong)包鎧裝聚乙烯外被層(ceng)

553——雙層(ceng)鋼帶皺(zhou)紋縱包鎧裝聚乙烯外被層(ceng)

2） BV 銅芯(xin)聚(ju)氯乙烯絕(jue)緣電線；BLV 鋁芯(xin)聚(ju)氯乙烯絕(jue)緣電線；

BVV 銅芯聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)絕緣聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)護套電(dian)(dian)線(xian)；BLVV 鋁芯聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)絕緣聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)護套電(dian)(dian)線(xian)；

BVR 銅芯聚氯乙烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)軟(ruan)線(xian)；RV 銅芯聚氯乙烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)安裝軟(ruan)線(xian)；

RVB 銅(tong)芯聚氯乙(yi)烯(xi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)平型連接線軟線；BVS 銅(tong)芯聚氯乙(yi)烯(xi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)絞型軟線；

RVV 銅(tong)芯(xin)聚氯乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護套軟線(xian)；BYR 聚乙烯絕緣軟電線(xian)；

BYVR 聚(ju)乙烯(xi)絕緣聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)護套軟線(xian)；RY 聚(ju)乙烯(xi)絕緣軟線(xian)；

RYV 聚(ju)乙(yi)烯絕緣聚(ju)氯(lv)乙(yi)烯護套軟線

3）WD：無(wu)鹵低煙型ZR: 阻(zu)燃型NH：耐火(huo)型DH：防火(huo)型